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The Fortune Society's Latino Discharge Planning: A Model of Comprehensive Care for HIV-Positive Ex-Offenders 财富协会的拉丁裔出院计划:对艾滋病毒阳性前罪犯的综合护理模式
Drugs & society (New York, N.Y.) Pub Date : 2001-02-06 DOI: 10.1300/J023V16N01_08
Ana Motta-Moss, N. Freudenberg, Wayman Young, Tracy Gallagher
{"title":"The Fortune Society's Latino Discharge Planning: A Model of Comprehensive Care for HIV-Positive Ex-Offenders","authors":"Ana Motta-Moss, N. Freudenberg, Wayman Young, Tracy Gallagher","doi":"10.1300/J023V16N01_08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J023V16N01_08","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY The Fortune Society provides outreach, discharge planning and case management for HIV-positive inmates and ex-offenders. The Latino Discharge Planning (LDP) project was designed to meet the social service needs of HIV-positive individuals who were about to be released from New York correctional facilities. This paper describes initial evaluation results of the LDP program. Most program clients are adult males (Median = 36 years of age; 89% males, 11% females), with the vast majority meeting established criteria for AIDS. The LDP model incorporates the target population's culture and transitional issues ex- offenders face in their return to society at large. Key program elements include reliance on peer services and positive role modeling, a supportive environment to encourage socially acceptable and healthier behaviors, and a holistic and advocacy-driven approach to service provision.","PeriodicalId":84609,"journal":{"name":"Drugs & society (New York, N.Y.)","volume":"16 1","pages":"123 - 144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1300/J023V16N01_08","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66914055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Conceptual Issues in Implementing and Using Evaluation in the “Real World” Setting of a Community-Based Organization for HIV/AIDS Services 在以社区为基础的艾滋病毒/艾滋病服务组织的“现实世界”环境中实施和使用评价的概念问题
Drugs & society (New York, N.Y.) Pub Date : 2001-02-06 DOI: 10.1300/J023v16n01_03
G. Huba, V. Brown, L. Melchior, C. Hughes, A. Panter
{"title":"Conceptual Issues in Implementing and Using Evaluation in the “Real World” Setting of a Community-Based Organization for HIV/AIDS Services","authors":"G. Huba, V. Brown, L. Melchior, C. Hughes, A. Panter","doi":"10.1300/J023v16n01_03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J023v16n01_03","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY This paper examines a number of conceptual issues inherent in conducting program evaluation and research within a community-based organization (CBO). The paper considers three major types of issues that must be addressed in the evaluation of community-based organizations: (1) programmatic considerations CBOs face; (2) major evaluation design considerations; and (3) how the program and evaluation must accommodate to one another. Examples of the interplay of the first two issues and their resolution are given.","PeriodicalId":84609,"journal":{"name":"Drugs & society (New York, N.Y.)","volume":"16 1","pages":"31 - 54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1300/J023v16n01_03","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66913712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Evaluation of Status and Progression of HIV Disease: Use of a Computerized Medical Module HIV疾病状态和进展的评估:计算机化医疗模块的使用
Drugs & society (New York, N.Y.) Pub Date : 2001-02-06 DOI: 10.1300/J023v16n01_14
R. Brunner, T. Larson, G. Huba, L. Melchior, B. Scott
{"title":"Evaluation of Status and Progression of HIV Disease: Use of a Computerized Medical Module","authors":"R. Brunner, T. Larson, G. Huba, L. Melchior, B. Scott","doi":"10.1300/J023v16n01_14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J023v16n01_14","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY The Northern Nevada HOPES (HIV Outpatient Program, Education, and Services) Clinic provides comprehensive and consultative care to persons living with HIV/AIDS in Reno, Nevada. As a method of tracking clinical data for evaluation purposes, a computer database was designed and implemented in the clinic setting. Analysis of these data permitted an exploration of the relations among client behaviors such as substance abuse and clinical markers of HIV disease progression. Substance abuse was found to be related to a number of indicators of impaired health. The computerized medical data module was found to be a useful tool for evaluation and quality assurance purposes and permitted the quantification of substance abuse behaviors in the clinic population.","PeriodicalId":84609,"journal":{"name":"Drugs & society (New York, N.Y.)","volume":"16 1","pages":"237 - 249"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1300/J023v16n01_14","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66914828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
The Effects of Food on Mood and Behavior: Implications for the Addictions Model of Obesity and Eating Disorders 食物对情绪和行为的影响:肥胖和饮食失调成瘾模型的启示
Drugs & society (New York, N.Y.) Pub Date : 2000-03-23 DOI: 10.1300/J023v15n01_02
C. Haddock, P. Dill
{"title":"The Effects of Food on Mood and Behavior: Implications for the Addictions Model of Obesity and Eating Disorders","authors":"C. Haddock, P. Dill","doi":"10.1300/J023v15n01_02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J023v15n01_02","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY The addictions model of obesity claims that individuals gain excess weight due to their dependence on and inability to control the intake of certain food substances. The dependence and lack of control over these food substances is undergirded by, according to the addictions model, the psychoactive properties of foods. The article reviews the literature on the purported psychoactive effects of foods and concludes that although, under certain circumstances, some food substances may have subtle effects on mood and behavior, the effects of food are quite different from that of psychoactive drugs such as nicotine and alcohol. Therefore, the food addictions model is unlikely to provide a fruitful paradigm for understanding the complex problem of obesity.","PeriodicalId":84609,"journal":{"name":"Drugs & society (New York, N.Y.)","volume":"15 1","pages":"17 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1300/J023v15n01_02","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66912852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 33
Food as a Drug: Conclusions 作为药物的食物:结论
Drugs & society (New York, N.Y.) Pub Date : 2000-03-23 DOI: 10.1300/J023v15n01_08
C. Haddock, W. S. Carlos Poston
{"title":"Food as a Drug: Conclusions","authors":"C. Haddock, W. S. Carlos Poston","doi":"10.1300/J023v15n01_08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J023v15n01_08","url":null,"abstract":"In this special collection the authors have explored the question of whether various food substances can be categorized as drugs from two overlapping anglesthe potential pharmacological properties of foods and dietary supplements and the addictions model of weight and eating disorders. Although the question of whether foods act as drugs can reduce to a semantical debate over the definition of ‘‘drug’’ or ‘‘addiction,’’ we believe that the authors of this series have provided useful insights into whether viewing foods as drugs is scientifically or clinically useful. Poston et al. (Poston, Fan, Rakowski, Ericsson, Bunn, & Foreyt, 2000) provided a regulatory perspective on the issue of foods as drugs. Given the U.S. Federal Drug Administration definition of a drug (FDA, 1938), it is clear that certain naturally occurring dietary supplements (e.g., Ephedrine, St. John’s Wort) meet the definition of a drug.","PeriodicalId":84609,"journal":{"name":"Drugs & society (New York, N.Y.)","volume":"15 1","pages":"141 - 145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1300/J023v15n01_08","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66913043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Eating Disorders and Addiction 饮食失调和成瘾
Drugs & society (New York, N.Y.) Pub Date : 2000-03-23 DOI: 10.1300/J023v15n01_05
G. Terence Wilson
{"title":"Eating Disorders and Addiction","authors":"G. Terence Wilson","doi":"10.1300/J023v15n01_05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J023v15n01_05","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY Eating disorders show some similar features to substance abuse and dependence, but this does not justify viewing them as an addiction. Neither tolerance nor withdrawal reactions to food have been demonstrated. Evidence for “carbohydrate craving” is lacking, and other ostensibly common features (e.g., loss of control over eating, preoccupation with food) have biobehavioral explanations that do not invoke addiction. While not an addiction, eating disorders have been reliably linked to substance abuse and dependence in clinical and community samples. However, the association is not a specific one, and the mechanisms that explain it are unknown. Independent familial transmission of eating and substance use disorders indicates that they do not derive from a single, shared etiological mechanism. Clinicians should routinely screen for substance abuse in eating disorder patients and vice versa.","PeriodicalId":84609,"journal":{"name":"Drugs & society (New York, N.Y.)","volume":"15 1","pages":"101 - 87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1300/J023v15n01_05","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66913163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 71
Etiology and Treatment of Obesity in Adults and Children: Implications for the Addiction Model 成人和儿童肥胖的病因和治疗:成瘾模型的意义
Drugs & society (New York, N.Y.) Pub Date : 2000-03-23 DOI: 10.1300/J023v15n01_06
R. J. Stein, K. K. O’Byrne, R. Suminski, C. Haddock
{"title":"Etiology and Treatment of Obesity in Adults and Children: Implications for the Addiction Model","authors":"R. J. Stein, K. K. O’Byrne, R. Suminski, C. Haddock","doi":"10.1300/J023v15n01_06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J023v15n01_06","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY The toll obesity takes on the health of the American population is enormous. For obese children and adults the costs include impaired health and psychosocial functioning as well as staggering health care costs. It is no wonder that a plethora of treatment options have emerged in recent years. Despite the growth of the weight loss industry, no obesity treatment can claim long term efficacy for most individuals. The addictions model of obesity may offer an explanation for the disappointing outcomes of most current approaches to weight loss. According to this model, obesity is the result of a dependence on certain food substances, which obese individuals are powerless to control. Effective management of obesity, according to the addictions model, therefore includes an admission that one is powerless over food and complete abstinence from offending food substances. In this paper we review the current literature on obesity etiology and the components of effective weight loss treatments and compare this literature to the major premises of the addictions model. We conclude that while the addictions model may appropriately characterize obese individuals who binge eat along some dimensions, it is inconsistent with much of what is known about the development and treatment of obesity.","PeriodicalId":84609,"journal":{"name":"Drugs & society (New York, N.Y.)","volume":"15 1","pages":"103 - 121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1300/J023v15n01_06","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66913298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
Pharmacological Properties of Foods and Nutrients 食品和营养物质的药理特性
Drugs & society (New York, N.Y.) Pub Date : 2000-03-23 DOI: 10.1300/J023v15n01_01
Jane V. White, R. Reeves
{"title":"Pharmacological Properties of Foods and Nutrients","authors":"Jane V. White, R. Reeves","doi":"10.1300/J023v15n01_01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J023v15n01_01","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY Nutrients, i.e., protein, carbohydrate, fat, fiber, vitamins, minerals, trace elements, and water, are commonly viewed as primary modulators of health and disease, yet they also contain many bioactive substances or “extranutritional” components. These occur naturally, are produced in vivo, or may be produced by the industrial enzymatic digestion related to various food processing activities. While these substances have been viewed as inconsequential in relation to human health, a wide range of such food constituents are recognized as having multifunctional roles in health and disease arising from the physiological, behavioral and/or immuniologic influence(s) they exert.","PeriodicalId":84609,"journal":{"name":"Drugs & society (New York, N.Y.)","volume":"15 1","pages":"1 - 16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1300/J023v15n01_01","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66913130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Inability to Control Eating: Addiction to Food or Normal Response to Abnormal Environment? 无法控制饮食:对食物上瘾还是对异常环境的正常反应?
Drugs & society (New York, N.Y.) Pub Date : 2000-03-23 DOI: 10.1300/J023v15n01_07
G. Goodrick
{"title":"Inability to Control Eating: Addiction to Food or Normal Response to Abnormal Environment?","authors":"G. Goodrick","doi":"10.1300/J023v15n01_07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J023v15n01_07","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY Both the increasing prevalence of obesity in a society obsessed with trying to be thin, and the self-reported inability to control eating in many obese patients, point to the possibility that overeating may be prevalent despite attempts to control it. The apparent lack of control has led some to describe overeating as an addiction. This paper briefly reviews the problem of overeating by examining the associated phenomenological, psychological, and physiological correlates of excessive appetite. A variety of factors may contribute to overeating, including the food environment, social influence, use of food to alleviate negative mood states, and potentiation of appetite from restrictive dieting. Although overeating may not fit an addictive model, the lack of self-control over eating has implications for treatment interventions and public health policy.","PeriodicalId":84609,"journal":{"name":"Drugs & society (New York, N.Y.)","volume":"15 1","pages":"123 - 140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1300/J023v15n01_07","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66912936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Medicinal Foods: Cross-Cultural Perspectives 药用食品:跨文化视角
Drugs & society (New York, N.Y.) Pub Date : 2000-03-23 DOI: 10.1300/J023v15n01_03
Chu‐Huang Chen, Devin C. Volding
{"title":"Medicinal Foods: Cross-Cultural Perspectives","authors":"Chu‐Huang Chen, Devin C. Volding","doi":"10.1300/J023v15n01_03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J023v15n01_03","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY Knowledge of medicinal herbs and food products and the use of plants for healing date back to many ancient civilizations. Today the medicinal use of plants and foods, which is based, in part, from the knowledge of trial and error use over thousands of years in various cultures, has become incorporated into virtually all human societies. In fact, some foods and herbs have shown contemporary medicinal promise and value for their potential health promoting and protective effects. In this paper we review the literature on the medicinal value of green tea, soybean, garlic, ginger root, and Gingko biloba, and provide an overview of ginseng, echinacea, and St. John's wort.","PeriodicalId":84609,"journal":{"name":"Drugs & society (New York, N.Y.)","volume":"15 1","pages":"49 - 64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1300/J023v15n01_03","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66913019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
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