{"title":"Essential observations of the Lyman continuum","authors":"S. McCandliss","doi":"10.1063/1.3154070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3154070","url":null,"abstract":"Concurrent observations of Lyman continuum (LyC) and Lyman-alpha (Lya) emission escaping from star-forming systems at low redshift are essential to understanding the physics of reionization at high redshift (z >~ 6). Some have suggested reionization is dominated by numerous small galaxies with LyC escape fractions f_e ~ 10%, while others suggest mini-quasars with higher f_e might also play a role. At z > 3, direct observation of LyC leakage becomes progressively more improbable due to the increase of intervening Ly limit systems, leaving Lya as the primary diagnostic available to the James Webb Space Telescope for exploring the epoch of reionization. If a quantitative relationship between escaping LyC and Lya emission can be established at low z, then the diagnostic power of Lya as a LyC proxy at high z can be fully realized. Past efforts to detect f_e near z ~ 3 have been fruitful but observations at low redshift have been less so. We discuss the sensitivity requirements for detecting LyC leak in the far- and near-UV as a function of redshift 0.02 = 0.01 as estimated from UV luminosity functions. UV observations are essential to understanding of the physics of LyC escape and the ultimate goal of identifying the source(s) responsible for reionization.","PeriodicalId":8453,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Astrophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78376369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Avoiding the dark energy coincidence problem with a cosmic vector","authors":"J. B. Jiménez, A. L. Maroto","doi":"10.1063/1.3141226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3141226","url":null,"abstract":"We show that vector theories on cosmological scales are excellent candidates for dark energy. We consider two different examples, both are theories with no dimensional parameters nor potential terms, with natural initial conditions in the early universe and the same number of free parameters as ΛCDM. The first one exhibits scaling behaviour during radiation and a strong phantom phase today, ending in a “big‐freeze” singularity. This model provides the best fit to date for the SNIa Gold dataset. The second theory we consider is standard electromagnetism. We show that a temporal electromagnetic field on cosmological scales generates an effective cosmological constant and that primordial electromagnetic quantum fluctuations produced during electroweak scale inflation could naturally explain, not only the presence of this field, but also the measured value of the dark energy density. The theory is compatible with all the local gravity tests, and is free from classical or quantum instabilities. Thus, not only ...","PeriodicalId":8453,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Astrophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85298808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
U. Bach, T. Krichbaum, E. Middelberg, W. Alef, J. Zensus, Mpifr, Bonn, H Germany, Astronomisches Institut - Ruhr Unsiversitat, Bochum
{"title":"Resolving the jet in Cygnus A","authors":"U. Bach, T. Krichbaum, E. Middelberg, W. Alef, J. Zensus, Mpifr, Bonn, H Germany, Astronomisches Institut - Ruhr Unsiversitat, Bochum","doi":"10.22323/1.072.0108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22323/1.072.0108","url":null,"abstract":"Our previous studies revealed a good kinematic model for the jet of Cygnus A, but the counter-jet speed is still not well constrained. The central engine and part of the counter-jet of Cyg A are likely to be obscured by free-free absorbing material, presumably a thick torus. At mm-wavelengths, the absorber becomes optically thin, which provides a more detailed view into the inner nuclear region. Knowing the speed of jet and counter-jet and their flux density ratio allows to determine the jet Lorentz factors and orientation. Therefore we started to monitor Cyg A with global VLBI at 43GHz in Oct. 2007. Our first epoch reveals a previously unseen gap between both jets. This could be either a sign for a new counter-jet component that is slowly separating or we start to see the very inner acceleration region of the jet which is not efficiently radiating at radio wavelengths. Further more the image shows transversely resolved jet structures at distances beyond ~0.5pc which facilitate more detailed investigations addressing jet stratification. Analysis of the resolved jet structure shows that the initially wide jet (opening angle ~10deg) collimates within the first parsec into a edge-brightened jet with an opening angle of ~3deg.","PeriodicalId":8453,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Astrophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77721255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Search for VHE γ-ray emission in the vicinity of selected pulsars of the Northern Sky with VERITAS","authors":"E. Aliu, F. C. Collaboration","doi":"10.1063/1.3076672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3076672","url":null,"abstract":"It is generally believed that pulsars dissipate their rotational energy through powerful winds of relativistic particles. Confinement of these winds leads to the formation of luminous pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) seen across the electromagnetic spectrum in synchrotron and inverse Compton emission. Recently, many new detections have been produced at the highest energies by Very High Energy (VHE) γ‐ray observations, identifying PWNe as among the most common sources of galactic VHE γ‐ray emission. We report here on the preliminary results of a search for VHE γ‐ray emission towards a selection of energetic and/or close pulsars in the Northern hemisphere in the first year of operations of the full VERITAS array.","PeriodicalId":8453,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Astrophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82181010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Hillenbrand, E. Mamajek, J. Stauffer, D. Soderblom, J. Carpenter, M. Meyer
{"title":"Stellar Age Estimation from 3 Myr to 3 Gyr","authors":"L. Hillenbrand, E. Mamajek, J. Stauffer, D. Soderblom, J. Carpenter, M. Meyer","doi":"10.1063/1.3099237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3099237","url":null,"abstract":"We present recent progress on quantitative estimation of stellar ages using indicators such as theoretical evolutionary tracks, rotation, rotation‐driven chromospheric and coronal activity, and lithium depletion. Our focus is on roughly solar‐mass and solar‐metallicity stars younger than the Sun. We attempt to characterize the systematic and random error sources and then derive “best” ages along with the dispersion in age arising among the various age estimation methods. Our main application of these techniques is to the evolution of debris disks.","PeriodicalId":8453,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Astrophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81605236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Quasar optical variability: searching for interband time delays","authors":"R. Bachev","doi":"10.1051/0004-6361:200810993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:200810993","url":null,"abstract":"Aims. The main purpose of this paper is to study time delays between the light variations in different wavebands for a sample of quasars. Measuring a reliable time delay for a large number of quasars may help constraint the models of their central engines. The standard accretion disk irradiation model predicts a delay of the longer wavelengths behind the shorter ones, a delay that depends on the fundamental quasar parameters. Since the black hole masses and the accretion rates are approximately known for the sample we use, one can compare the observed time delays with the expected ones. \u0000Methods. We applied the interpolation cross-correlation function (ICCF) method to the Giveon et al. sample of 42 quasars, monitored in two (B and R) colors, to find the time lags represented by the ICCF peaks. Different tests were performed to assess the influence of photometric errors, sampling, etc., on the final result. \u0000Results. We found that most of the objects show a delay in the red light curve behind the blue one (a positive lag), which on average for the sample is about +4 days (+3 for the median), although the scatter is significant. These results are broadly consistent with the reprocessing model, especially for the well-sampled objects. The normalized time-lag deviations do not seem to correlate significantly with other quasar properties, including optical, radio, or X-ray measurables. On the other hand, many objects show a clear negative lag, which, if real, may have important consequences for the variability models.","PeriodicalId":8453,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Astrophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79485972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Panaitescu, C. Meegan, C. Kouveliotou, N. Gehrels
{"title":"Gamma‐Ray Burst afterglows: theory and observations","authors":"A. Panaitescu, C. Meegan, C. Kouveliotou, N. Gehrels","doi":"10.1063/1.3155864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3155864","url":null,"abstract":"I discuss some theoretical expectations for the synchrotron emission from a relativistic blast‐wave interacting with the ambient medium, as a model for GRB afterglows, and compare them with observations. An afterglow flux evolving as a power‐law in time, a bright optical flash during and after the burst, and light‐curve breaks owing to a tight ejecta collimation are the major predictions that were confirmed observationally, but it should be recognized that light‐curve decay indices are not correlated with the spectral slopes (as would be expected), optical flashes are quite rare, and jet‐breaks harder to find in Swift X‐ray afterglows.X‐ray light‐curve plateaus could be due to variations in the average energy‐per‐solid‐angle of the blast‐wave, confirming to two other anticipated features of GRB outflows: energy injection and angular structure. The latter is also the more likely origin of the fast‐rises seen in some optical light‐curves. To account for the existence of both chromatic and achromatic aftergl...","PeriodicalId":8453,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Astrophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88266076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Large non-Gaussianity from two-component hybrid inflation","authors":"C. Byrnes, Kiwoon Choi, L. Hall","doi":"10.1088/1475-7516/2009/02/017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2009/02/017","url":null,"abstract":"We study the generation of non-Gaussianity in models of hybrid inflation with two inflaton fields, (2-brid inflation). We analyse the region in the parameter and the initial condition space where a large non-Gaussianity may be generated during slow-roll inflation which is generally characterised by a large f_NL, tau_NL and a small g_NL. For certain parameter values we can satisfy tau_NL>>f_NL^2. The bispectrum is of the local type but may have a significant scale dependence. We show that the loop corrections to the power spectrum and bispectrum are suppressed during inflation, if one assume that the fields follow a classical background trajectory. We also include the effect of the waterfall field, which can lead to a significant change in the observables after the waterfall field is destabilised, depending on the couplings between the waterfall and inflaton fields.","PeriodicalId":8453,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Astrophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91513073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Revisiting the confrontation of the energy conditions with supernovae data","authors":"M. Lima, S. Vitenti, M. Rebouças","doi":"10.1142/9789814304887_0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814304887_0025","url":null,"abstract":"In the standard Friedmann–Lemaˆotre–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) approach to model the Universe the violation of the so-called energy conditions is related to some important properties of the Universe as, for example, the current and the inflationary accelerating expansion phases. The energy conditions are also necessary in the formulation and proofs of Hawking-Penrose singularity theorems. In two recent articles we have derived bounds from energy conditions and made confrontations of these bounds with supernovae data. Here, we extend these results in following way: first, by using our most recent statistical procedure for calculating new q(z) estimates from the gold and combined type Ia supernovae samples; second, we use these estimates to obtain a new picture of the energy conditions fulfillment and violation for the recent past (z ≤ 1) in the context of the standard cosmology.","PeriodicalId":8453,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Astrophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73687811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"EVN observations of the Ultra Luminous Infrared Galaxies IRAS 23365+3604 and IRAS 07251-0248","authors":"C. Romero-Cañizales, M. P'erez-Torres, A. Alberdi","doi":"10.22323/1.072.0089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22323/1.072.0089","url":null,"abstract":"We present high-sensitivity, high-resolution images of the Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies (ULIRG; L$_{mathrm{FIR}} > 10^{12}$ L$_odot$) IRAS 23365+3604 and IRAS 07251-0248, taken with the EVN at 6 and 18 cm. The images show a large number of compact components, whose luminosities are typical of Type IIL and Type IIn Radio Supernovae (RSNe). Further observations of these ULIRGs will allow us to confirm, or to rule out, their nature. The present observations are part of a project that should result in a significant number of SN detections, providing a direct measurement of the Core Collapse Superova (CCSN) rate and allowing us to estimate the Star Formation Rate (SFR) in our sample of ULIRGs .","PeriodicalId":8453,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Astrophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83435842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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