{"title":"The impact of immigration on native earnings in the United States, 1940 to 1980","authors":"Augustine J. Kposowa","doi":"10.1016/1068-8595(93)90018-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/1068-8595(93)90018-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Prior research on the impact of immigration on native earnings in the United States has produced contradictory and inconclusive results. Using 1940 to 1980 census data, this study investigates the effect of immigration on the earnings of U.S. born citizens. A modified version of human capital, and the equilibrium model provide the theoretical framework. Results show that when we look at cross-sections, for every decade studied, except 1940, immigration had positive effects on the earnings of native born Americans. After controlling for possible simultaneity bias, and using panel regression analysis, the author found different results. Although not completely eliminated, the impact of immigration was substantially reduced. Based on his results and past research findings, the author recommends that U.S. immigration policy make it easier for foreign doctoral graduates and other professionals to adjust their status should they wish to live in the United States, adding that such practice would in the long run add to the productive capacity of the country. He recommends that U.S. corporations invest abroad and pay competitive wages to workers to discourage illegal inflows.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":84178,"journal":{"name":"Applied behavioral science review","volume":"1 1","pages":"Pages 1-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/1068-8595(93)90018-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22028528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Structured tutoring for at risk children in the early years","authors":"George Farkas","doi":"10.1016/1068-8595(93)90021-Z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/1068-8595(93)90021-Z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>I estimate the effects of a program of one-to-one instruction (tutoring) in reading and language for at-risk children in grades 1–3. Thirty college and graduate students tutored more than 100 elementary school students during Spring, 1991. Tutors were trained in the techniques used by Reading Recovery and Success for All. Program effects were large and positive. Across all tutored students, 10 hours of tutoring increased ITBS scores by .25–.30 of a grade-equivalent. Students with above-average attentiveness and participation during tutoring averaged a gain of .66 of a grade-equivalent after 10 hours tutoring. Tutoring also showed a positive effect on teachers' judgment of students' conduct. I conclude that, properly trained, nonprofessional tutors offer a cost-effective means to increase the reading performance of at-risk children in the early grades.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":84178,"journal":{"name":"Applied behavioral science review","volume":"1 1","pages":"Pages 69-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/1068-8595(93)90021-Z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91759282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Unintended consequences of Ze Ren Zhi reforms in China: Interplay of agricultural reform and population control policy","authors":"Wei Yen, Lewis F. Carter","doi":"10.1016/1068-8595(93)90019-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/1068-8595(93)90019-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>National policies, however innovative, well intentioned, and even apparently successful, can sometimes produce consequences almost as serious as the problems they were designed to solve. Troublesome policy “side-effects” are neither always the result of chance, nor are they inevitable. Modern policy solutions often begin by “isolating the problem,” but in this very isolation can lurk the causes of serious unforeseen difficulties. The following paper treats precisely such a situation. It will show how an apparently effective solution to agricultural under-production in China has led to serious, but unintended, consequences in the form of a resurgence of population growth. In addition, the paper will trace in some detail the history of agricultural policy in the PRC from 1949 to present.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":84178,"journal":{"name":"Applied behavioral science review","volume":"1 1","pages":"Pages 27-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/1068-8595(93)90019-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22028529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}