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The aging of the population and the financing of local governments. 人口老龄化与地方政府财政问题。
Public finance = Finances publiques Pub Date : 1993-01-01
A Reschovsky
{"title":"The aging of the population and the financing of local governments.","authors":"A Reschovsky","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>\"This paper explores the residential property tax burdens faced by elderly homeowners in the United States. The results demonstrate that the use of annual data in income and property tax liabilities to calculate tax burdens overstates the regressivity of the property tax. The magnitude of the bias created by using annual income is determined by comparing tax burdens calculated from annual data with burdens calculated from tax liabilities and income data covering a 12-year period. The results indicate that while the residential property tax on the non-elderly is approximately proportional, the pattern of burdens on the elderly remains regressive.\"</p>","PeriodicalId":83878,"journal":{"name":"Public finance = Finances publiques","volume":"48 Suppl. ","pages":"199-213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21993046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Demographic change, international migration, and public education. 人口变化、国际移民和公共教育。
Public finance = Finances publiques Pub Date : 1993-01-01
J M Ritzen, E Van Imhoff
{"title":"Demographic change, international migration, and public education.","authors":"J M Ritzen,&nbsp;E Van Imhoff","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>\"This paper studies the impact of demographic change and international migration on economic development and the education sector. We employ a simple simulation model for tracing the impact of international migration on the educational and economic system, under alternative assumptions on the education background and adaptation costs of migrants. An application to the case of the Netherlands shows that international migration of whatever (realistic) level will not be able to prevent strong population aging during the period 2010-2035. Given the current below-average educational and productive profile of the immigrant population in the Netherlands, increased migration will only make matters worse.\"</p>","PeriodicalId":83878,"journal":{"name":"Public finance = Finances publiques","volume":"48 Suppl. ","pages":"122-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21993115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Demographic characteristics and the public bundle. 人口特征和公共捆绑。
Public finance = Finances publiques Pub Date : 1993-01-01 DOI: 10.3386/w4283
D M Cutler, D W Elmendorf, R J Zeckhauser
{"title":"Demographic characteristics and the public bundle.","authors":"D M Cutler,&nbsp;D W Elmendorf,&nbsp;R J Zeckhauser","doi":"10.3386/w4283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w4283","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>\"This paper explores the relationship between the demographic characteristics of a community and the quantities of goods and services provided by its government, what we label the ¿public bundle'. We consider three models of public spending.... To evaluate these models of spending, we examine how county and state spending in the United States is affected by the age and racial composition, and the total size of a jurisdiction. We find that the estimated effects of demographic characteristics in the state equations are strikingly different from the estimated effects in the county equations. One possible explanation for these differences is that a jurisdiction's spending is affected differently by its own demographic characteristics and by the characteristics of the surrounding area. We conclude that community preference is important in explaining local spending, but that its determination is more complex than simple theory suggests.\"</p>","PeriodicalId":83878,"journal":{"name":"Public finance = Finances publiques","volume":"48 Suppl. ","pages":"178-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3386/w4283","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21993045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 150
On the role of budgetary policy during demographic changes. 论预算政策在人口变化中的作用。
Public finance = Finances publiques Pub Date : 1993-01-01
N Sartor
{"title":"On the role of budgetary policy during demographic changes.","authors":"N Sartor","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>\"The paper investigates the relationship between old age income maintenance and budgetary policy when a growing proportion of the population is retired. Special attention is paid to the different kinds of adjustment required under pay-as-you-go (PAYG) and fully-funded (FF) pension schemes. The paper shows that FF schemes reach spontaneously a new equilibrium while PAYG systems need policy action. With reference to PAYG systems, the paper shows that the tax increase called for by most governments is appropriate in the short-run, when the dependency ratio plays a dominant role. In the long-run, however, the increase in the tax rate is smaller, as the effects of the changes in the dependency ratio is offset by the lower need of public savings required for financing capital accumulation.\" The geographical focus is on developed countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":83878,"journal":{"name":"Public finance = Finances publiques","volume":"48 Suppl. ","pages":"217-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21993047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Demographics and social security. 人口统计和社会保障。
Public finance = Finances publiques Pub Date : 1993-01-01
S C Hu
{"title":"Demographics and social security.","authors":"S C Hu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>\"This paper considers the welfare implications of the interactions between demographic changes and social security in an overlapping generations model in which retirement decisions are endogenous. Both a pay-as-you-go system and an actuarially-fair system are examined.\" The geographical focus is on the United States.</p>","PeriodicalId":83878,"journal":{"name":"Public finance = Finances publiques","volume":"48 Suppl. ","pages":"339-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21992934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Public pensions and declining fertility in a small open economy: an intertemporal equilibrium approach. 小型开放经济中的公共养老金和生育率下降:跨期均衡方法。
Public finance = Finances publiques Pub Date : 1993-01-01
A L Bovenberg, D P Broer, E W Westerhout
{"title":"Public pensions and declining fertility in a small open economy: an intertemporal equilibrium approach.","authors":"A L Bovenberg,&nbsp;D P Broer,&nbsp;E W Westerhout","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>\"The aging of the population in several industrial countries has raised concern about the financing of pay-as-you-go public pension schemes. This paper employs a numerical applied general equilibrium model of the Netherlands to explore how a unilateral temporary decline in fertility affects a small open economy. It focuses on intergenerational distributional effects as well as on macroeconomic consequences for employment, saving, investment, and external trade and capital flows. Furthermore, it discusses several policy options involving the public pension schemes to cope with the intergenerational distributional and macroeconomic effects of the decline in fertility.\"</p>","PeriodicalId":83878,"journal":{"name":"Public finance = Finances publiques","volume":"48 Suppl. ","pages":"43-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21992936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Demographics, political power and economic growth. 人口，政治力量和经济增长。
Public finance = Finances publiques Pub Date : 1993-01-01
D Holtz-eakin
{"title":"Demographics, political power and economic growth.","authors":"D Holtz-eakin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>\"Growth theory may be used to predict the response of saving, capital formation, and output growth to large demographic shifts. Such large shifts would also be expected to alter the demand for government services and the desired levels of taxation in the population. This paper extends the overlapping-generations model of economic growth to predict the evolution of government tax and spending policy through the course of a major demographic shift. Simulations suggest that this approach may yield valuable insights into the evolution of policy in the United States and other industrialized economies.\"</p>","PeriodicalId":83878,"journal":{"name":"Public finance = Finances publiques","volume":"48 Suppl. ","pages":"349-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21993051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Aging, intergenerational distribution and public pension systems. 老龄化、代际分配和公共养老金制度。
Public finance = Finances publiques Pub Date : 1993-01-01
S E Jensen, S B Nielsen
{"title":"Aging, intergenerational distribution and public pension systems.","authors":"S E Jensen,&nbsp;S B Nielsen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>\"This paper develops an intertemporal simulation model capable of addressing the macroeconomic and distributional effects of demographic shocks in a small open economy. Two sources of population aging are examined, viz. lower birth rates and prolonged expected lifetimes at retirement age. Due to strong expectational effects, both shocks are found to change average consumption in a downward direction, in the short run as well as in the long run. This effect is matched by a strong net acquisition of foreign assets. Furthermore, it turns out that the intergenerational distribution of the burden of adjusting to an aging population is strongly dependent on whether the benefit rate, the contribution rate, or the relative non-capital income of pensioners and workers is held fixed.\"</p>","PeriodicalId":83878,"journal":{"name":"Public finance = Finances publiques","volume":"48 Suppl. ","pages":"29-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21993050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A model of the impact of immigration on health and social service expenditures for the elderly. 移民对老年人保健和社会服务支出影响的模型。
Public finance = Finances publiques Pub Date : 1993-01-01
H Factor, J Habib
{"title":"A model of the impact of immigration on health and social service expenditures for the elderly.","authors":"H Factor,&nbsp;J Habib","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>\"Immigration, primarily from the former Soviet Union, has swelled the population of Israel by 10% between 1990 and 1993 and total population growth by the end of the decade is expected to be over 30%. The research presented here represents part of a larger effort to project needs and costs for the entire population in order to assist health and social welfare services in planning and resource allocation. The paper presents an overview of the current demographic situation in Israel, a theoretical model for estimating the growth in needs, and estimates of needs and costs for services for the elderly population based upon this model.\"</p>","PeriodicalId":83878,"journal":{"name":"Public finance = Finances publiques","volume":"48 Suppl. ","pages":"147-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21993116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Demographics and debt service. 人口统计和债务服务。
Public finance = Finances publiques Pub Date : 1993-01-01
N Rossi
{"title":"Demographics and debt service.","authors":"N Rossi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>\"The discussion on the effects of the ongoing demographic transition on government behaviour has never mentioned its likely effect on an expenditure item (apparently non age specific) such as the debt service. This paper attempts to show that such effects could be non-negligible in countries (such as most European countries) where social security wealth arises from mandatory participation in pension schemes.\"</p>","PeriodicalId":83878,"journal":{"name":"Public finance = Finances publiques","volume":"48 Suppl. ","pages":"228-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21993048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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