Arid Land Research and Management最新文献

{"title":"Chlorophyll fluorescence, ion uptake, and osmoregulation are potential indicators for detecting ecotypic variation in salt tolerance of Panicum antidotale Retz*","authors":"M. Javed, M. Ashraf, M. Iqbal, M. Farooq, Z. Zafar, H. Athar","doi":"10.1080/15324982.2021.1957038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15324982.2021.1957038","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Efficient selection for salt tolerance using the choice of physiological traits is of great importance. In the present study, seven ecotypes of Panicum antidotale (four from the Cholistan Desert and three from the non-Cholistani area) were evaluated after three weeks of salt stress. Results showed that shoot fresh biomass decreased by 74 and 83% respectively in Cholistani, and non-Cholistani ecotypes under salt-stressed conditions compared to control. Ecotypes from the Cholistan were more salt-tolerant (average dry biomass, 4.02 g) than non-Cholistani ones (average dry biomass, 3.14 g). Averaged across the Cholistani and non-Cholistani ecotypes, Cholistani ecotypes accumulated lower Na+ (72%) and/or higher K+ (179%) concentrations in their leaves than non-Cholistani ecotypes. However, parallels between the degree of salt sensitivity and relative water content, leaf water potential, leaf osmotic potential, and leaf turgor potential could not be generalized. In Cholistani ecotypes under salt stress, the total soluble protein on average was higher (11.51%) compared to non-Cholistani ecotypes (8.5%). Chlorophyll a decreased (0–20%) in all populations due to salt stress and it was positively associated with solar energy absorption and electron transport but could not be used to discriminate the populations. Chlorophyll fluorescence data indicated that salt stress damaged PSII functionality and electron transport further than QA −. The effective quantum yield of PSII, performance index, antenna size, energy flux for electron transport, rate of PSII reaction center closure positively correlated with salt tolerance of P. antidotale.","PeriodicalId":8380,"journal":{"name":"Arid Land Research and Management","volume":"39 1","pages":"84 - 108"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80163263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shrub influence on soil carbon and nitrogen in a semi-arid grassland is mediated by precipitation and largely insensitive to livestock grazing","authors":"H. Throop, S. Munson, Nicole J. Hornslein, M. McClaran","doi":"10.1080/15324982.2021.1952660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15324982.2021.1952660","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Dryland (arid and semi-arid) ecosystems globally provide more than half of livestock production and store roughly one-third of soil organic carbon (SOC). Biogeochemical pools are changing due to shrub encroachment, livestock grazing, and climate change. We assessed how vegetation microsite, grazing, and precipitation interacted to affect SOC and total nitrogen (TN) at a site with long-term grazing manipulations and well-described patterns of shrub encroachment across elevation and mean annual precipitation (MAP) gradients. We analyzed SOC and TN in the context of vegetation cover at ungrazed locations within livestock exclosures, high-intensity grazing locations near water sources, and moderate-intensity grazing locations away from water. SOC was enhanced by MAP (p < 0.0001), but grazing intensity had little effect regardless of MAP (p = 0.12). Shrubs enhanced SOC (300–1279 g C m−2) and TN (27–122 g N m−2), except at high MAP where the contribution or stabilization of shrub inputs relative to grassland inputs was likely diminished. Cover of perennial herbaceous plants and litter were significant predictors of SOC (r 2 = 0.63 and 0.34, respectively) and TN (r 2 = 0.64 and 0.30, respectively). Our results suggest that continued shrub encroachment in drylands can increase SOC storage when grass production remains high, although this response may saturate with higher MAP. In contrast, grazing – at least at the intensities of our sites – has a lesser effect. These effects underscore the need to understand how future climate and grazing may interact to influence dryland biogeochemical cycling.","PeriodicalId":8380,"journal":{"name":"Arid Land Research and Management","volume":"26 1","pages":"27 - 46"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90264375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forest degradation and short-term seasonal exclosure effects on biotic and abiotic factors linked to rangeland rehabilitation in semiarid Chaco, Argentina","authors":"S. Cotroneo, E. Jacobo, M. Brassiolo, R. Golluscio","doi":"10.1080/15324982.2021.1946206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15324982.2021.1946206","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In semiarid Chaco, wet season grazing exclosures allow a rapid grass recovery in mature and secondary forest patches, but not in the most degraded patches dominated by shrublands. In order to understand the causes of their dissimilar rehabilitation dynamics, we analyzed the effects of the forest-patch type (mature forest = MF, secondary forest = SF, and shrubland = S) and 4-year seasonal exclosures (vs continuous grazing) on biotic and abiotic factors (vegetation structure, incident radiation, grass seed bank, litter and soil traits) that could affect grass recovery. We found that vegetation structure, through determining litter quantity, controlled soil chemical traits. As forest degradation level increased, litter mass (MF = 6260, SF = 5410, S = 1220 kg DM/ha), total soil organic matter (MF = 5.1%, SF = 4.1%, S = 3.5%) and nitrogen (MF = 0.25%, SF = 0.22%, S = 0.18%) decreased, and the incident radiation at soil level rose (MF = 28%, SF = 41%, S = 52%). After 4 years of seasonal grazing rest, we found reduced soil bulk density (from 1.13 to 1.07 and 1.07 to 1 g/cm3) and increased total porosity (from 57 to 60 and 60 to 62%) at 0–10 and 10–30 cm depth, respectively, in all forest patch types. Exclosure also increased soil seed bank density (from 28 to 251 grass seeds/m2) both in the forests (with grass) and in the shrublands (even before grass recovery), which would receive seeds from the adjacent forest patches, which coexist in the same landscape matrix. Our results suggest that the low tree cover, litter, and soil chemical traits related to lower availability of water and nutrient in shrublands, could hamper grass recovery in recently established exclosures. However, improvements in the grass seed bank and soil physical traits related to higher water infiltration could favor its late recovery, which is triggered by an extremely wet cycle after several years of the seasonal exclosure. Exclosure is a promising management strategy for degraded areas involving intermingled patches of forests and shrublands.","PeriodicalId":8380,"journal":{"name":"Arid Land Research and Management","volume":"35 1","pages":"47 - 66"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89529841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological and biochemical properties of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under different mulching and water management systems in the semi-arid region of Punjab, Pakistan","authors":"Salman Ahmad, M. Zaheer, H. Ali, K. O. Erinle, S. H. Wani, R. Iqbal, Okon Godwin Okone, A. Raza, M. Waqas, Muhammad Nawaz","doi":"10.1080/15324982.2021.1943567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15324982.2021.1943567","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In order to meet the dietary requirements of the rising human population with diminishing water resources, there is the need to adopt techniques that optimize crop yield under reduced water conditions. Therefore, a greenhouse experiment was carried out to determine the effect of mulching and reduced irrigation on wheat production. The experiment included four mulching treatments (un-mulched, black plastic sheet mulch, wheat straw mulch and cotton sticks mulch) and two watering regimes (normal watering and partial root-zone drying irrigation (PRI) technique that involves alternate watering to only one side of root zone only) arranged in a completely randomized design. Wheat growth (leaf area index, plant height), water related parameters (leaf relative water contents (RWC), leaf turgor potential and physiological (chlorophyll contents, stomatal oscillation and photosynthetic rate) parameters and biochemical indicators were significantly higher with mulching than un-mulched for both irrigation levels. However, among the mulching treatments, the use of black plastic mulch gave the best results. Among the mulch treatments, RWC increased by 4.29%, 7.50% and 10.73% with black plastic mulch compared to wheat straw mulch, cotton stick mulch and control treatment, respectively. Between the two irrigation levels, higher wheat growth, physiological and water related parameters were found with full irrigation. Whereas leaf osmotic potential, quality traits and antioxidant enzymatic activities were higher with PRI. This study shows that, particularly with black plastic film, mulching combined with partial root zone drying can be effectively used in conserving soil water, thus increasing crop water use, photosynthetic rate, and yield.","PeriodicalId":8380,"journal":{"name":"Arid Land Research and Management","volume":"26 1","pages":"181 - 196"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77585028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of biochar on potassium fractions and plant-available P, Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu concentrations of calcareous soils","authors":"Fariba Rasuli, H. Owliaie, M. Najafi-Ghiri, E. Adhami","doi":"10.1080/15324982.2021.1936689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15324982.2021.1936689","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Biochar as an eco-friendly substance, depending on its origin and production conditions, may have significant effects on soil properties, nutrient availability and K dynamics of arid and semi-arid soils. Biochars produced from wheat and corn residues, pyrolyzed at 250, 450 and 650 °C during 2, 4 and 8 h, were applied to four representative calcareous soils. First, 2 g of each biochar was added to 100 g of each soil and incubated under field capacity for 90 days. Then the soil samples were analyzed for soil properties, nutrient availability and K fractions. All biochars increased soil CEC, ECe and available K, P, Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu. The biochars produced at higher temperature had larger effect on soil properties, P and K availability, and smaller effect on Fe, Mn and Zn availability. The used biochars increased the amounts of soluble, exchangeable, non-exchangeable and HNO3-extractable K to 143–348, 316–605, 597–1,064 and 1,056–2,012 mg kg−1, respectively. The wheat biochar had larger effect on soil K than the corn biochar. Potassium saturation percentage increased with biochar application due to the larger effect of biochar on exchangeable K than CEC. The biochars increased the percentage of soluble K due to the limited capacity of exchange sites and clay interlayers for K adsorption. Biochar had different effect on the experimental soils; and the content of soluble K in the coarse-textured soils after biochar application increased more, than other K fractions. It was concluded that biochars, particularly the wheat biochar produced at higher temperature, have potential for improving K management of K depleted soils.","PeriodicalId":8380,"journal":{"name":"Arid Land Research and Management","volume":"1 1","pages":"1 - 26"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89784165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal patterns and driving forces of land-use and land-cover change in the Mu Us Sandy Land, China from 1980 to 2018","authors":"Liangyan Yang, Zenghui Sun, Jianfeng Li, Lei Shi, Hui Kong, Yuan-zhou Yang, Tong Li","doi":"10.1080/15324982.2021.1933648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15324982.2021.1933648","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The understanding of land-use and land-cover change (LUCC) is crucial for the study of global climate change and the terrestrial ecological environment. Sandy land is an important component of the terrestrial ecosystem. This study applied the land-use transition matrix and change trajectory analysis to examine the spatiotemporal characteristics of LUCC from 1980 to 2018 in the Mu Us Sandy Land, China. The influences of soil, meteorological conditions, and national policy on LUCC in this region were also investigated. The results of land-use classification of five remote sensing images captured between 1980 and 2018 showed that Grassland was the dominant land-use type. The areas of Woodland and Built-up land in the study area continued to increase, whereas those of Water bodies and Unused land continued to decrease. The area of Cropland first increased and then decreased. The areas where LUCC was driven by natural factors and anthropogenic factors were 25,428 km2 and 9,683 km2, representing 27.92% and 10.63% of the total area, respectively. The area that experienced no LUCC was 55,950 km 2 (61.44% of the total area). These data showed that LUCC was driven by natural and anthropogenic factors, with anthropogenic factors dominant in driving changes in Cropland, Woodland, and Built-up land, whereas natural factors dominated reductions in the areas of Water bodies and Unused land. Although natural factors played an important role in LUCC, this study showed that anthropogenic factors determine the direction of LUCC.","PeriodicalId":8380,"journal":{"name":"Arid Land Research and Management","volume":"144 1","pages":"109 - 124"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76916621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drought tolerance traits in Medicago species: A review","authors":"Slama Inès, O. Talbi, Yousfi Nasreddine, Aida Rouached, Jihed Gharred, Asma Jdey, M. Hanana, C. Abdelly","doi":"10.1080/15324982.2021.1936289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15324982.2021.1936289","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This review provides a comprehensive overview of the effects of drought on the growth of medic plants; then, it explores some drought tolerance traits including the morpho-physiological and biochemical parameters. In addition, medic plants were compared to other legumes and to cereals. At the molecular level, the response of Medicago plants to drought was also highlighted. Results of several independent experiments showed that the reduction of plant biomass production of medic plants ranged between 12 and 73% under water deficit stress. Cereals are more tolerant to drought than legumes. Yield reduction in cereals ranged between 25 and 40% versus 20 and 80% in legumes. For cereal species, wheat exhibited the lowest (25%) yield reduction as compared to barley and maize (34 and 40%), respectively. In legumes, reductions were about 20, 40, and 60% in lentils, chickpea, and common bean. Medic drought tolerance was found to be associated with traits like the ability to maintain the photosynthetic activity, the optimization of root development, the water use efficiency, the osmoregulation capacity via the decrease of osmotic potential, accumulation of mineral (K+) or organic solutes (proline), and the modification of carbohydrate metabolism toward the accumulation of soluble sugars. Water deficit stress induces a lipid and protein metabolism adaptation via the accumulation of some amino acids and the decrease in malondialdehyde concentrations. The target traits suggested in medic for breeding and for genetic engineering are related to water relations, such as relative water content, water use efficiency as well as root development.","PeriodicalId":8380,"journal":{"name":"Arid Land Research and Management","volume":"40 1","pages":"67 - 83"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76718747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of precipitation frequency on litter decomposition of three annual species (Setaria viridis, Artemisia sacrorum, and Chenopodium acuminatum) in a semi-arid sandy grassland of northeastern China","authors":"Yongqing Luo, Jing Zhou, Xiangfei Yue, Ji-Dong Ding","doi":"10.1080/15324982.2021.1921881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15324982.2021.1921881","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Annual total precipitation typically fails to predict litter decomposition rates, especially in semi-arid regions, where precipitation frequency (PF) significantly affects decomposition. We hypothesized that low PF would decrease decomposition rates. We performed a litterbag decomposition experiment with litter of three annual species at three depths (aboveground litter, litter at 0–10 and 10–20 cm below the surface). We used the same total amount (280 mm), but three precipitation frequencies (PF1, 10 mm every 5 days; PF2, 20 mm every 10 days; PF3, 40 mm every 20 days) during the growing season. We measured the remaining mass, carbon (C) content, nitrogen (N) content, C:N ratio, and C and N losses of each species at the three positions. Litter decomposition and the C and N dynamics were influenced by species, depth, and PF. Low PF significantly decreased litter decomposition (mass loss rates of 49.7, 49.1, and 41.2% for PF1, PF2, and PF3, respectively). This effect interacted with placement-depth but not with species. This interaction also existed for C and N dynamics except for the N loss rate. The influence of PF on C loss mainly resulted from its effect on mass loss, whereas N loss was not affected by PF. Our results highlight the importance of PF for litter decomposition in a semi-arid region. The relationship between PF and litter decomposition provides a theoretical basis for regional carbon-cycle models and carbon budget predictions. Our results also suggest that non-graminaceous species showed higher potential than grasses for improving soil carbon in semi-arid sandy grasslands due to faster decomposition rates, especially below ground.","PeriodicalId":8380,"journal":{"name":"Arid Land Research and Management","volume":"20 1","pages":"397 - 413"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75424952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the influence of COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on Jordan Badia rangelands","authors":"M. Sawalhah, Y. Othman, A. A. Abu Yahya, S. Al-Kofahi, Fatima A. Al-Lataifeh, A. Cibils","doi":"10.1080/15324982.2021.1921071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15324982.2021.1921071","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract To explore the effect of COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on vegetation cover changes in Northern, Middle, and Eastern Jordan Badia rangelands, Landsat-8 (Operational Land Imager [OLI]) images were downloaded and processed to attain surface reflectance data for March and July 2018–2020. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was then derived from OLI-images, where the total area covered with water, bare soil, scattered vegetation, dense grasses and shrubs, and dense forests were estimated. Across the study period, 2019 had the highest rainfall (195 mm) and temperature (21.7 °C), while the lowest rainfall was recorded in 2018 (154 mm). The Northern Badia showed a consistently larger area of dense vegetation on average (407.4 km2) compared to the Eastern (149.3km2), and Middle (55.2 km2) Badia. The total area covered with scattered vegetation in 2020 was higher than in 2019 and 2018 across the years and studied area, except in Middle Badia. Vegetation cover classes were inconsistent for Middle Badia in March, scattered vegetation was higher in 2019 compared to 2020. However, the total area covered with vegetation in July was lower than in March across the years and studied area. The curfew allowed the regeneration of shrubs and grasses in the study area, which helped in restoring the rangeland vegetation. COVID-19 lockdown served as a conservation grazing technique and provided a real case of restoring the degraded rangeland cover through managed grazing.","PeriodicalId":8380,"journal":{"name":"Arid Land Research and Management","volume":"46 1","pages":"483 - 495"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75995860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive traits for drought tolerance in red-grained wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) landraces","authors":"M. Waseem, S. Mumtaz, M. Hameed, S. Fatima, M. Ahmad, F. Ahmad, M. Ashraf, I. Ahmad","doi":"10.1080/15324982.2021.1905103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15324982.2021.1905103","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Forty-nine accessions were collected from arid and semi-arid areas of Pakistan to explore adaptive components in red-grained wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Single-line selections of these accessions were grown on an arid and a control site; that is, Uchkera Farm (UF) and Botanical Garden (BG), Faisalabad. The accessions grown at BG exhibited significantly better biomass and grain yield production than those grown at UF. Accession Ck5 from Chakwal produced the maximum grain yield (17.7 g plant−1) at BG and Jm3 (8.1 g plant−1) at UF. Among the eight accessions selected for further anatomical studies, Dg2 showed increased yield per plant at UF, which was related to root modifications like increased cortical region thickness, endodermal cell area, vascular region thickness, metaxylem area, and root hair length. Stem modifications included increased vascular bundle area, phloem area and stomatal density, while leaves showed increased cuticle thickness, bulliform cell thickness, trichome density, and length. Increased stomatal density and area were also found. Accession Jm3 showed a decrease in yield at UF. Root modifications in Jm3 included increased epidermal cell area, sclerenchymatous thickness, endodermal cell area, and root hair length. Stem modifications in this accession included increased stem cellular region thickness and sclerenchymatous cell area. Leaves had increased abaxial epidermal cell area, trichome number and length, and abaxial stomatal density. In conclusion, morpho-anatomical characteristics varied greatly in the red-grained wheat accessions at both experimental sites that have potential for incorporation into breeding efforts for drought tolerance in modern wheat cultivars.","PeriodicalId":8380,"journal":{"name":"Arid Land Research and Management","volume":"13 1","pages":"414 - 445"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82932379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}