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Importance of temperature control for HEFLEX, a biological experiment for Spacelab 1. 空间实验室1号生物实验HEFLEX中温度控制的重要性
Life sciences and space research Pub Date : 1979-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-023416-8.50040-4
D K Chapman, A H Brown
{"title":"Importance of temperature control for HEFLEX, a biological experiment for Spacelab 1.","authors":"D K Chapman,&nbsp;A H Brown","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-08-023416-8.50040-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-023416-8.50040-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>HEFLEX is an experiment in plant gravitational physiology now being developed for the Spacelab 1 Mission. Its object is to measure kinetic properties of plant nutation in a very low g environment. HEFLEX is designed to be scientifically compatible with restrictions imposed by engineering considerations. Among those restrictions one of the more important but one not necessarily well appreciated by mission engineers is the specification for spacelab air temperature. Development of the HEFLEX space experiment has been seriously complicated and the flight hardware significantly increased in cost as a result of the burden of insuring adequate temperature control being shifted from the spacelab module design to the biological experiment itself. The question is raised: Is this the most economical method of implementing biological research in space?</p>","PeriodicalId":83784,"journal":{"name":"Life sciences and space research","volume":"17 ","pages":"265-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22021414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
A special photoproduct of UV-irradiated DNA in vacuo. 紫外辐射DNA在真空中产生的特殊光产物。
Life sciences and space research Pub Date : 1979-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-023416-8.50018-0
H Bucker, K Dose, G Horneck, C Thomas
{"title":"A special photoproduct of UV-irradiated DNA in vacuo.","authors":"H Bucker,&nbsp;K Dose,&nbsp;G Horneck,&nbsp;C Thomas","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-08-023416-8.50018-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-023416-8.50018-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>DNA isolated from E. coli B/r cells was UV-irradiated at 254 nm under high vacuum of 10(-7) torr. Compared with DNA in solution, the formation of cis-syn thymine dimers (TT) was decreased, and the formation of cytosine thymine dimers (CT) and a photoproduct of RF value 0.41 was increased. The latter photoproduct was identified as tran-syn TT which is preferentially produced in heat-denaturated DNA.</p>","PeriodicalId":83784,"journal":{"name":"Life sciences and space research","volume":"17 ","pages":"111-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22021412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Growth of fungi in NaCl-MgSO4 brines. 真菌在NaCl-MgSO4盐水中的生长。
Life sciences and space research Pub Date : 1979-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-023416-8.50015-5
S M Siegel, B Z Siegel
{"title":"Growth of fungi in NaCl-MgSO4 brines.","authors":"S M Siegel,&nbsp;B Z Siegel","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-08-023416-8.50015-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-023416-8.50015-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Long-term studies have shown that common fungi of the Penicillium-Aspergillus group can be grown in a variety of brines or on moist salt crystals, simulating a range of natural terrestrial habitats such as salt flats, or special water-bodies such as the Dead Sea. In general, salt media rich in KCl are favored over other alkali halides; the media become more selective as the salt concentration rises and nutrient requirements become more complex. We here demonstrate that media which resemble the Dead Sea salt mix can support the growth of selected fungal strains, even in the absence of reduced organic nutrients other than glucose. Such media may serve as models for localized microhabitats on Mars.</p>","PeriodicalId":83784,"journal":{"name":"Life sciences and space research","volume":"17 ","pages":"95-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22021878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
The Cosmos-782 and Prognoz-4 studies of cosmic radiation LET spectra. 宇宙辐射LET光谱的Cosmos-782和Prognoz-4研究。
Life sciences and space research Pub Date : 1979-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-023416-8.50019-2
E E Kovalev, V V Markelov
{"title":"The Cosmos-782 and Prognoz-4 studies of cosmic radiation LET spectra.","authors":"E E Kovalev,&nbsp;V V Markelov","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-08-023416-8.50019-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-023416-8.50019-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The data on the cosmic radiation LET spectra at different distances from the Earth (inside and outside the magnetosphere) indicate that there is a considerable screening effect of the geomagnetic field with respect to the galactic cosmic radiation. The screening coefficient, including the screening effect of the Earth itself, is about 7 for the absorbed dose and about 26 for the dose equivalent. The galactic cosmic radiation accumulated dose equivalent outside the Earth's magnetosphere and behind a shield thickness of 1 g/cm2 is about 95 rem per year near the solar minimum. LET spectrum data for different altitudes in the near-Earth region of space can be used in the manned space flight radiation protection for spacecraft shielding calculations and for the development of dosimetric control instruments, as well as in the planning and data interpretation of radiobiological experiments in space.</p>","PeriodicalId":83784,"journal":{"name":"Life sciences and space research","volume":"17 ","pages":"119-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22021413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Microorganisms of the upper layer of the atmosphere and the protective role of their cell pigments. 大气上层的微生物及其细胞色素的保护作用。
Life sciences and space research Pub Date : 1979-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-023416-8.50017-9
A A Imshenetsky, S V Lysenko, S P Lach
{"title":"Microorganisms of the upper layer of the atmosphere and the protective role of their cell pigments.","authors":"A A Imshenetsky,&nbsp;S V Lysenko,&nbsp;S P Lach","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-08-023416-8.50017-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-023416-8.50017-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Of the six species of microorganisms isolated from the mesosphere, five contained pigments and were more resistant to UV radiation compared with their pigment-free mutants. The black pigment isolated from the conidia of Aspergillus niger considerably increased the UV resistance of the unpigmented mutant conidia of Penicillium notatum, the spore Circinella muscae and the vegetative cells of Micrococcus albus. From the data it is possible to conclude that in the upper layers of the Earth's atmosphere the predominant proportion of pigmented microorganisms is the consequence of natural selection by UV radiation.</p>","PeriodicalId":83784,"journal":{"name":"Life sciences and space research","volume":"17 ","pages":"105-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/b978-0-08-023416-8.50017-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22021411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 17
Serendipitous solution to the problem of culturing Arabidopsis plants in sealed containers for spaceflights of long duration. 偶然的解决了在长时间太空飞行的密封容器中培养拟南芥植物的问题。
Life sciences and space research Pub Date : 1979-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-023416-8.50008-8
A H Brown, P O'Dowd, L Loercher, R Kuniewicz, A O Dahl
{"title":"Serendipitous solution to the problem of culturing Arabidopsis plants in sealed containers for spaceflights of long duration.","authors":"A H Brown,&nbsp;P O'Dowd,&nbsp;L Loercher,&nbsp;R Kuniewicz,&nbsp;A O Dahl","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-08-023416-8.50008-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-023416-8.50008-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For the development of an experiment to determine how a higher plant will develop from seed to maturity when deprived of essentially all gravitational information that it might use to guide its growth, we selected Arabidopsis thaliana as our test species. We were unable to culture it heterophically on nutrient agar in darkness. Light was required for germination and growth. Presumably the plants were dependent on photosynthesis for the major contribution to their organic nutrition. Plants were grown in relatively small modules closed to the atmosphere by plastic film. The permeability of the film for CO2 was found to be orders of magnitude too low for the plants to be growing by photosynthetic assimilation of CO2 diffusing into the modules from the ambient air. This anomaly was examined quantitatively. Rates of CO2 metabolism were measured for plants at various ages. The film permeability coefficient was rechecked. The effectiveness of the seal (as a barrier for H2O diffusion) and the dependence of diffusional transport on film thickness were reconfirmed. By elimination of all possible alternatives it was concluded that Arabidopsis thrives on light-assisted assimilation of organic compounds from the culture medium quite independently of a gaseous CO2 supply. Photoassimilation often has been reported for microalgae and photosynthetic bacteria but it is not commonly recognized that a higher plant can exhibit the same capability which greatly simplifies the establishment of reproducible culture conditions for test plants completely sealed from possibly noxious constituents of a spacecraft atmosphere or from the vacuum of free space. That Arabidopsis is a facultative photoheterotroph may be of even more general interest.</p>","PeriodicalId":83784,"journal":{"name":"Life sciences and space research","volume":"17 ","pages":"37-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22007291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Microbiological flora as a function of ice depth in central Antarctica. 南极中部冰深对微生物区系的影响。
Life sciences and space research Pub Date : 1979-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-023416-8.50016-7
S S Abyzov, N E Bobin, B B Koudriashov
{"title":"Microbiological flora as a function of ice depth in central Antarctica.","authors":"S S Abyzov,&nbsp;N E Bobin,&nbsp;B B Koudriashov","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-08-023416-8.50016-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-023416-8.50016-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A technique has been developed for obtaining ice samples under sterile conditions for microbiological analyses as a function of ice thicknesses and with a view to clarifying the possibility of long term microbial anabiosis under permafrost conditions. For the first time microbiological studies from the surface down to 312 meters in the Vostok station region have been carried out and the distribution of microorganisms in the strata studied has been clarified. Microorganisms occur rather rarely, and their distribution is of a random character, independent of the depth of sampling. Viable microorganisms have been found in the ice horizons approximately as old as 8-13 thousand years.</p>","PeriodicalId":83784,"journal":{"name":"Life sciences and space research","volume":"17 ","pages":"99-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/b978-0-08-023416-8.50016-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22021879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
An apparatus for studying electroretinographic responses under conditions of space flight. 在太空飞行条件下研究视网膜电成像反应的装置。
Life sciences and space research Pub Date : 1978-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-022022-2.50024-1
Y Grall, C Menguy, F Rigaudiere
{"title":"An apparatus for studying electroretinographic responses under conditions of space flight.","authors":"Y Grall,&nbsp;C Menguy,&nbsp;F Rigaudiere","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-08-022022-2.50024-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-022022-2.50024-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This project has developed so as to include the total range of electroretinographic responses under conditions of space flight. We built two special containers which made stratospheric balloon flights. The second prototype carries the following specifications: Immobilisation of two frogs; Light stimulation by flashes; Special corneal electrodes; Amplification and recording system. There is almost no tissue damage after prolonged observation (several days) of the animals and the electroretinographic responses do not show any significant changes. Such an apparatus could be used as the basis for an assembly to be incorporated into Spacelab.</p>","PeriodicalId":83784,"journal":{"name":"Life sciences and space research","volume":"16 ","pages":"131-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22071098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Convective control of long-range coherence in plant growth regulation. 植物生长调控中长距离相干性的对流控制。
Life sciences and space research Pub Date : 1978-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-022022-2.50019-8
J O Kessler
{"title":"Convective control of long-range coherence in plant growth regulation.","authors":"J O Kessler","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-08-022022-2.50019-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-022022-2.50019-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is hypothesized that morphogenetic control in plants depends on convective transport of biochemically important substances, where streaming velocity and cell shapes jointly determine spatial and temporal coherence, and where the streaming velocity in turn is affected by the gravitational field. The relative magnitudes of diffusive and convective effects are considered, and it is shown that in some plant cells for which cell sizes and streaming velocities have been measured convection could be the dominant transport mode. The consequences of this hypothesis in the presence and absence of a gravitational field are considered and permit its experimental verification or rejection.</p>","PeriodicalId":83784,"journal":{"name":"Life sciences and space research","volume":"16 ","pages":"99-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22071813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The effects of temperature, salinity, and other factors on the growth and formation of UV-absorbing substances by the fungus Aspergillus. 温度、盐度等因素对真菌曲霉生长及吸收紫外线物质形成的影响。
Life sciences and space research Pub Date : 1978-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-022022-2.50011-3
B Z Siegel, S M Siegel, J M Phelan
{"title":"The effects of temperature, salinity, and other factors on the growth and formation of UV-absorbing substances by the fungus Aspergillus.","authors":"B Z Siegel,&nbsp;S M Siegel,&nbsp;J M Phelan","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-08-022022-2.50011-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-022022-2.50011-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aspergillus niger can be grown at 263 degrees K in a KCl-saturated medium with glucose as the sole C-source. In spite of their similarities K and Rb-ions are not equivalent, but unlike Na-ion, both support growth. The dependency of growth rate upon the nitrogen source is peptone > NH4+ > NO3-. In KCl-medium at 263 degrees K, the production of UV-absorbing aromatic substances normally elaborated by this fungus and soluble in alcohol is reduced more than 20-fold as indicated by comparisons of total absorbance per unit dry weight in the range 210-280 nm. Both the low temperature and salt contribute to alterations in the chemistry of these potential photoprotectants.</p>","PeriodicalId":83784,"journal":{"name":"Life sciences and space research","volume":"16 ","pages":"49-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22071810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
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