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[The admirable effects of panaceas: ideas between antiquity and early modern times]. [灵丹妙药的令人钦佩的效果:古代与近代之间的思想]。
Wurzburger medizinhistorische Mitteilungen Pub Date : 2011-01-01
Georgios Papadopoulos
{"title":"[The admirable effects of panaceas: ideas between antiquity and early modern times].","authors":"Georgios Papadopoulos","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Panaceas, i. e. medicines that can cure many or almost all diseases, were used throughout the history from antiquity until modern times. The paper focuses on ideas developed to explain the admirable actions of these medicines. In antiquity such actions seem to be related to the large number of ingredients as well as to the presence of materials connected to potent poisons (e. g. viper flesh). Later, with the advent of alchemy, the alchemical preparation is regarded to produce medicines with such properties, the most pregnant example being lapis philosophorum. Such explanations are underpinned by the correspondences with higher astral influences as espoused by Paracelsus, as well as by van Helmont's idea that both disease and cure depend exclusively on the state of the 'spirit of life'. At the same time Galenic-like ideas survive, in the sense that panaceas are something like universal purifiers. Besides curing diseases panaceas were used to ensure long living, permanent health as well as for achieving rejuvenation. In this respect, they show an affinity to the so-called 'healing power of nature'.</p>","PeriodicalId":83548,"journal":{"name":"Wurzburger medizinhistorische Mitteilungen","volume":"30 ","pages":"228-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40149356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[A town-physician in the 18th century: Johann Friedrich Glaser]. [18世纪的城镇医生:约翰·弗里德里希·格拉泽]。
Wurzburger medizinhistorische Mitteilungen Pub Date : 2011-01-01
Ruth Schilling
{"title":"[A town-physician in the 18th century: Johann Friedrich Glaser].","authors":"Ruth Schilling","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Johann Friedrich Glaser rose from an executioner's family to the position of a town physician in Suhl. The contribution concentrates on the importance of this position for Glaser. It first looks at the position of town physicians in Suhl. They possessed due to certain historical circumstances several duties and rights. They enjoyed a remarkably high standing in the town society which made the position especially attractive for Glaser as a road to social acceptance. His interaction with the medical administration in Dresden (Suhl belonged to the jurisdiction of Electoral Saxony) further enhanced his possibilities to interact with local and territorial spheres. Altogether, Glaser's official functions gained importance over his role as a (medical) scientist, because they offered him the best way to gain social and cultural prestige.</p>","PeriodicalId":83548,"journal":{"name":"Wurzburger medizinhistorische Mitteilungen","volume":"30 ","pages":"310-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40149359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[The influenza pandemic of 1782, with special reference to its occurrence in the Imperial City of Nuremberg]. [1782年的流感大流行，特别提到它在纽伦堡皇城的发生]。
Wurzburger medizinhistorische Mitteilungen Pub Date : 2011-01-01
Manfred Vasold
{"title":"[The influenza pandemic of 1782, with special reference to its occurrence in the Imperial City of Nuremberg].","authors":"Manfred Vasold","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In Germany, very little research has been done on the flu pandemic of 1782. The year before, in 1781, an epidemic of dysentery had ravaged Central Europe quite seriously. The flu pandemic began in Germany in spring 1782. It took its origin in the Far East, probably in Imperial China. From there it slowly traveled westward and finally hit Russia and Germany. In early 1782, it arrived in eastern Prussia. Mortality rose, in Königsberg (Kaliningrad) mainly people over 30 died. From the German coast on the Baltic Sea the virus soon crossed over to England and Scotland. Within Germany it slowly moved southward, to places like Berlin, Weimar and further south. In Berlin very many people became sick. In spring 1782, in many parts of Germany, from east to west, people were bed-ridden. In Nuremberg, a young doctor described the symptoms of the disease and the therapy he gave to his patients in a pamphlet but apart from that there are few sources. Probably not many people consulted a doctor. Mortality in Nuremberg, it seems, did not rise very much. The city had been in decline since the 1750s, its population now shrunk even further. When this scourge hit Central Europe, the Holy Roman Empire was in decline, after an attack of famine and pestilence in the early 1770s and that epidemic of dysentery in 1781. It finally collapsed some 25 years later, in 1806, and the Imperial City of Nuremberg was absorbed by the Kingdom of Bavaria.</p>","PeriodicalId":83548,"journal":{"name":"Wurzburger medizinhistorische Mitteilungen","volume":"30 ","pages":"386-417"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40149362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Erik Amdrup (1923-1998): The life and times of the Danish surgeon and author]. 埃里克·阿姆德鲁普(1923-1998):丹麦外科医生和作家的生平和时代。
Wurzburger medizinhistorische Mitteilungen Pub Date : 2011-01-01
Verena Abraham
{"title":"[Erik Amdrup (1923-1998): The life and times of the Danish surgeon and author].","authors":"Verena Abraham","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Danish professor, surgeon, medical superintendent, researcher and writer of fictional literature Erik Amdrup is one of the inventors of the parietal cell vagotomy. He carried out many internationally acclaimed research projects about the surgical treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcer. At the same time he witnessed the changes in the conditions at the Danish hospitals. He used his professional experiences in his prose and his memoirs. They give an insight into the younger Danish history of medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":83548,"journal":{"name":"Wurzburger medizinhistorische Mitteilungen","volume":"30 ","pages":"8-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40149426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
["Each medical practitioner and ordained physician commissioned by the city of Nuremberg shal vow ..." the structures of the public health system in Nuremberg at the beginning of the 18th century of Johann Christoph Götz]. ["纽伦堡市委任的每位执业医师和被任命的医师都应宣誓…"这是18世纪初纽伦堡公共卫生系统的结构Johann Christoph Götz]。
Wurzburger medizinhistorische Mitteilungen Pub Date : 2011-01-01
Susan Splinter
{"title":"[\"Each medical practitioner and ordained physician commissioned by the city of Nuremberg shal vow ...\" the structures of the public health system in Nuremberg at the beginning of the 18th century of Johann Christoph Götz].","authors":"Susan Splinter","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The medical institutions of Nuremberg were established quite early. The Collegium medicum were already founded in 1592. Though this board held responsibility for the supervision of pharmacies, the creation of Medizinalordnungen (medical legislations) and also had advisory functions, the physicians did not succeed in winning a prominent position. The spheres of competence between the different groups of medical practitioners were not yet clearly defined. Nevertheless the daily work of the practitioner Johann Christoph Götz (1688-1733) was going smoothly due to his cooperation with other doctors, surgeons, midwives and pharmacists.</p>","PeriodicalId":83548,"journal":{"name":"Wurzburger medizinhistorische Mitteilungen","volume":"30 ","pages":"334-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40149360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[The Bauhaus style in hospitals of Saxony]. [萨克森州医院的包豪斯风格]。
Wurzburger medizinhistorische Mitteilungen Pub Date : 2011-01-01
Volker Klimpel
{"title":"[The Bauhaus style in hospitals of Saxony].","authors":"Volker Klimpel","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the first half of 20th century the architecture of hospitals in Germany changed considerable. Essential impulses for \"The new construct\" get out from the school of \"Bauhaus\" in Weimar, Dessau and Berlin. Clear lines and the principle of light, air and sun were characteristic of this style. Buildings of such hospitals and her creators in Chemnitz, Dresden, Freiberg and Zwenkau, all in Saxony, are described and illustrated exemplary.</p>","PeriodicalId":83548,"journal":{"name":"Wurzburger medizinhistorische Mitteilungen","volume":"30 ","pages":"123-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40149428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Position hopeless lost--Heinrich Dreuw's lonely struggle against syphilis and Salvarsan]. [无望的迷失——海因里希·德鲁与梅毒和萨尔瓦桑的孤独斗争]。
Wurzburger medizinhistorische Mitteilungen Pub Date : 2011-01-01
Florian Mildenberger
{"title":"[Position hopeless lost--Heinrich Dreuw's lonely struggle against syphilis and Salvarsan].","authors":"Florian Mildenberger","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The invention of Salvarsan (Triaminotrihydroxy-arsenobenzol) in 1910 meant a revolution in the medical treatment. Chemotherapy was born and its founder Paul Ehrlich is still famous for his experimental work. In medical history mostly successes, not widespread discussions about misuse or failing of the new drug were. The Berlin doctor Heinrich Dreuw was a key figure in these debates. He and his colleagues presented evidence that Salvarsan was not an effective drug and just an expensive placebo, which helped pharmaceutical trusts earning more money. Dreuw even attacked state medical branches for infringement against patients. At last doubts about Salvarsan never disappeared.</p>","PeriodicalId":83548,"journal":{"name":"Wurzburger medizinhistorische Mitteilungen","volume":"30 ","pages":"163-203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40149354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Academic medicine in the Soviet Occupation Zone, German Democratic Republic and East Germany. Annotated bibliography for the publication period 2001-2010 including an supplement for the publication period 1990-2000]. 苏联占领区、德意志民主共和国和东德的学术医学。[2001-2010年出版期的注释参考书目，包括1990-2000年出版期的补充资料]。
Wurzburger medizinhistorische Mitteilungen Pub Date : 2011-01-01
Peer Pasternack
{"title":"[Academic medicine in the Soviet Occupation Zone, German Democratic Republic and East Germany. Annotated bibliography for the publication period 2001-2010 including an supplement for the publication period 1990-2000].","authors":"Peer Pasternack","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The bibliography lists separate publications of the period 2001-2010 concerning the history of academic medicine in the Soviet Occupation Zone and German Democratic Republic (GDR) and the transformation of the faculties of medicine after 1990. It also complements the previous bibliography (WmM 2001) for the publishing period 1990-2000. It registers a total of 153 separate publications (monographs, documentations, edited volumes, booklets, catalogues of exhibitions and special issues) and grey literature (not bookselling and internet publications, unpublished theses).</p>","PeriodicalId":83548,"journal":{"name":"Wurzburger medizinhistorische Mitteilungen","volume":"30 ","pages":"246-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40149357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Was cannibalism practiced in ancient Gaul? Critognatus, the leader of the Celts, in the focus of Caesar's propaganda]. 古高卢人吃人吗?克里托格纳图斯，凯尔特人的领袖，是恺撒宣传的焦点。
Wurzburger medizinhistorische Mitteilungen Pub Date : 2011-01-01
Ferdinand Peter Moog
{"title":"[Was cannibalism practiced in ancient Gaul? Critognatus, the leader of the Celts, in the focus of Caesar's propaganda].","authors":"Ferdinand Peter Moog","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Critognatus, the leader of the Celts, is mentioned only once in the extant ancient literature, namely in Caesar's description of the siege of Alesia in BG VII 77.2-78.2. Here he is portrayed as a determined patriot who wants to encounter the Roman invader bravely and at the risk of all available means. Nevertheless, crafty Caesar succeeds in stamping him by propagandistic pinches to an evil monster and cannibal. On the one hand Caesar falls back on current Roman prejudices towards the Gauls. On the other hand, the endocannibalism practised among Celts to a certain extent as a cult action seems to have played a rôle. Caesar's propagandistic methods are transparent and at the same time so effective that the label of an ogre sticks to Critognatus until the present day. Caesar's portrayal aims above all at the justification of his Gallic War which he wages against uncivilized and inhuman opponents who are a menace to Rome and even to the culture itself.</p>","PeriodicalId":83548,"journal":{"name":"Wurzburger medizinhistorische Mitteilungen","volume":"30 ","pages":"204-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40149355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Periodical outbreaks of smallpox presented in two communities in the Westerwald in the 18th-century]. [18世纪在韦斯特瓦尔德的两个社区出现的周期性天花爆发]。
Wurzburger medizinhistorische Mitteilungen Pub Date : 2011-01-01
Helmut Priewer, Mathias Priewer
{"title":"[Periodical outbreaks of smallpox presented in two communities in the Westerwald in the 18th-century].","authors":"Helmut Priewer,&nbsp;Mathias Priewer","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The paper traces 18th-century outbreaks of smallpox in two communities in the Westerwald. The distances between the outbreaks are analyzed and comparisons to other outbreaks of smallpox are drawn. Furthermore the use of variolation and vaccination against smallpox is described.</p>","PeriodicalId":83548,"journal":{"name":"Wurzburger medizinhistorische Mitteilungen","volume":"30 ","pages":"287-309"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40149358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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