Tradition (Rabbinical Council of America)最新文献

{"title":"Perinatal mental health, parenting and infant outcomes: Studies on the mechanisms","authors":"M. Oosterman, J. Kohlhoff, B. Barnett, F. C. Kunseler, C. Schuengel, J. Wernand, M. Flykt","doi":"10.1037/E579192013-235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/E579192013-235","url":null,"abstract":"Maternal mental health problems are linked to negative parenting and child outcomes. However, evidence for mechanisms that may explain the undermining influence of psychological problems is less well specified and the influence of possible moderators is relatively unexplored. (Dix & Meunier, 2009). This symposium brings into the discussion intervention as well as longitudinal studies focusing on processes at the cognitive, affective and behavioral level, which may explain the adverse effects of mental health problems in the perinatal period and help to evaluate and select pre- and postnatal intervention targets which are most critical for adaptation to parenthood. The first presentation will report results from three studies (involving over 300 mother-infant dyads) to comment on links among maternal state of mind with respect to attachment, adult separation anxiety, childhood parenting experiences, postnatal psychological distress, parenting confidence and early infant behavior. Results identified attachment and separation anxiety issues as important mechanisms in the development of postnatal difficulties. The second presentation focuses on the impact of anxiety and depression on the development of parental self-efficacy and the moderating role of marital and social support. As part of a longitudinal study, 296 primiparous expecting women were followed from pregnancy (12, 22, 32 weeks) to 3 months postpartum. Controlled for concurrent levels of PSE, state anxiety symptoms (12 weeks) were uniquely associated with prenatal PSE at 32 weeks of pregnancy. Prenatal depressive symptoms were no longer significant when anxiety was taken into account. The association between state anxiety symptoms (32 weeks) and postnatal PSE was mediated by prenatal PSE (32 weeks). Marital and social support showed a compensating effect on postnatal PSE. The third presentation focuses on the role of violated expectations in mediating the effects of parental mental health, marital quality and birth experience on parent-child relationship. The findings are based on a sample of 745 couples, followed from pregnancy to 12 months postpartum, half having conceived via infertility treatment. The effect of marital and mental health problems on parent-child relationship was partly mediated via negatively violated expectations. The role of negative prenatal expectations was also crucial, whereas former infertility had little impact. The fourth presentation presents results from a postnatal intervention (Mom Power) aimed at engaging high-risk families, specifically, low-income mothers with a history of childhood abuse. The intervention addressed potential mediators and moderators in five core domains: attachment-based parenting education, enhancing social support, connecting families to care, practicing self-care skills, and supporting child-parent interaction. Evaluation results on 100 families demonstrated improved parent mental health, and enhanced maternal representations of thei","PeriodicalId":83356,"journal":{"name":"Tradition (Rabbinical Council of America)","volume":"2 1","pages":"131-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88869834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From expecting to experiencing: Sources of resilient parenting self-efficacy","authors":"C. Schuengel, M. Verhage, M. Oosterman, S. Schoppe-Sullivan, C. K. Dush, J. Kohlhoff, B. Barnett","doi":"10.1037/E579192013-330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/E579192013-330","url":null,"abstract":"Expectation of competence in parenting infants, or parenting self-efficacy (PSE), is an elusive concept both for parents and professionals. High PSE may have different consequences for infant development depending on the basis of PSE (e.g., actual experience vs. persuasion). High PSE may also not be maintained when actual parenting starts. Experimental studies, intervention studies, and longitudinal studies starting during pregnancy are yielding novel findings on PSE, which serve as input for a discussion that should deepen understanding of PSE and increase the utility of the concept for practice. The first presentation tests robustness of PSE in two ways. The first approach is based on a computerized task in which prenatal PSE was challenged among 179 pregnant women by manipulating success in regulating the baby. The second approach followed first-time mothers (intended N=1000) across all trimesters of pregnancy and during the first year to examine patterns of change in PSE in relation to infant temperament. Analyses of the experimental data demonstrated that PSE decreased in response to regulation difficulty. The longitudinal data (preliminary n = 138) indicated that PSE on average increased across pregnancy and first year, but not for mothers of more irritable babies. Is there a common mechanism involved? The second presentation focuses on the course of PSE from pregnancy to 9 months postpartum in 180 new mothers and fathers, and the role that coparenting support plays in initial levels of PSE and change in PSE over time. Expectant parents completed a survey regarding task-specific PSE during the third trimester of pregnancy, and again 3 months and 9 months after their infant’s birth. At 3 months and 9 months postpartum, new parents completed a survey about coparenting. Preliminary SEM analyses of associations between PSE and coparenting support over time indicate that for fathers, increases in PSE from 3 to 9 months postpartum were precipitated by greater perceived coparenting support, but a similar effect was not observed for mothers. The third presentation focuses on PSE and early persistent infant behavior disturbance (i.e., excessive crying, sleeping and feeding difficulties in the first year postpartum). The study included 80 first-time mothers participating in a residential parent-infant intervention with an unsettled infant. Results show clear associations between infant behavior and PSE, and support the effectiveness of the intervention with respect to both variables. Associations between PSE and various maternal variables including depression and anxiety, attachment security and perceived parenting during childhood will also be reported and discussed. Professor Bryanne Barnett will relate in her discussion to links with perinatal mental health, to open up the discussion with the symposium participants about including PSE in building resilience in at-risk families.","PeriodicalId":83356,"journal":{"name":"Tradition (Rabbinical Council of America)","volume":"22 1","pages":"181-182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85676986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parenting difficulties of mothers with HIV/AIDS and HIV/AIDS-psychosis: a systematic literature review","authors":"R. Spies, C. Schuengel, P. Sterkenburg, E. V. Rensburg","doi":"10.1037/E579192013-181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/E579192013-181","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: South Africa has the world’s highest prevalence of HIV/AIDS: in 2009 approximately 5.6 million people lived with HIV/AIDS, that is approximately 11% of the national population. HIV/AIDS is reported for 32.7% of the women aged between 25 and 29 years and 29.1% between 30 and 34 years. Psychotic disorder associated with HIV tends to surface when the illness has progressed to its later stages of development and affects an estimated 0.2 to 15% of HIV+ patients. Due to her chronic physical symptoms, but also due to her psychiatric symptoms the infected mother may be less physically or emotionally available for her developing child or display confusing or frightening behavior, resulting in insecure or disorganized attachment relationships. This systematic literature review describes and synthesises studies addressing the parenting difficulties of mothers with HIV/AIDS and HIV/AIDS-psychosis in order to better understand its effects on parenting. Method: Academic Search Premier, Africa-Wide Information, CINAHL, ERIC, Health Source, Medline/Pubmed, PsycARTICLES and PsycINFO databases were searched via EBSCOhost for relevant articles from 1997 to 2011 resulting in 4370 articles. Findings from fifty-one peer reviewed articles were deemed relevant using defined inclusion criteria. Results: None of the studies simultaneously focused on the topics HIV/AIDS, psychotic disorders and parenting. Studies identified a number of resilience factors that partly offset the risk of HIV/AIDS, namely an improved maternal bond and motherhood being a source of hope, esteem, motivation. Identified risks include parental concerns and stressors as well as physical illness and hospitalization; with social relations and support being a risk factor as well as a resiliency factor. Studies on parents with psychosis report decreased theory of mind and -mentalization, poor social relationships and –support networks, abnormal parental behavior, insensitive caregiving and problematic attachment representations which result in poor parenting outcomes. Conclusion: A moderation model integrates the results. Psychosis is likely to exacerbate the effects of HIV/AIDS on parenting. Increased awareness of the likelihood and importance of these symptoms may be used to improve care for families with a mother affected by HIV/AIDS-psychosis.","PeriodicalId":83356,"journal":{"name":"Tradition (Rabbinical Council of America)","volume":"13 1","pages":"100-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78807100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paternal experiences during pregnancy : An explorative study of paternal working models of fetus and prenatal attachment","authors":"C. Vreeswijk, A. Maas, H. Bakel","doi":"10.1037/e579192013-385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/e579192013-385","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":83356,"journal":{"name":"Tradition (Rabbinical Council of America)","volume":"15 1","pages":"211-211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84980356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceived urgency and physiological reactivity predict maternal behaviors in infant affect regulation during a simulated cry response task","authors":"M. Verhage, S. D. Hartog, M. Oosterman, C. Schuengel","doi":"10.1037/E579192013-167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/E579192013-167","url":null,"abstract":"Young infants need their caregivers to help them regulate their affect. When the caregiver does this successfully, infants gradually learn to regulate their affect themselves. However, regulating the affect of the infant is challenging for new parents; they have to learn which methods are effective from the signals the baby emits. To interpret these signals, caregivers have to be in control of their own emotions as well, which might be more difficult if an infant is hard to soothe, since research has shown that exposure to infant cries leads to strong physiological arousal (Donovan & Leavitt, 1989). The current study investigated with a simulated cry response task whether perceptions of a crying infant and physiological reactions were influenced by difficulty of regulating the infant’s affect. We were also interested in whether this had an effect on the response latency and the amount and consistency of the caregiver’s responses. This study has been executed with first-time pregnant women, because we expected them to be able to relate to this task more than any other group of non-parent adults, while their responses were not colored by previous parenting experiences. 179 women (age 18-40 years) who were pregnant with their first child participated at 22 weeks of pregnancy in a computerized cry response task involving audio taped baby cries. They listened to 2x10 baby cries during which they could choose one of four responses (feeding, distracting, changing the diaper or picking up the infant) to terminate the cry. The first series of cries simulated an easy to regulate infant (soothing success rate 80%, short cry duration); the second series represented a difficult to regulate infant (soothing success rate 20%, longer cry duration). After each series, the women filled out four questions regarding their perception of the cries. Physiological reactivity was measured using the VU-AMS (De Geus & Van Doornen, 1996), an ambulatory device that records ECG and ICG, allowing calculation of indicators of sympathetic (PEP; pre-ejection period) and parasympathetic nervous system activity (RSA: respiratory sinus arrhythmia). The cries of the difficult infant were perceived as more urgent, stressful, unpleasant and piercing (p<.01) than the cries of the easy infant. Women also gave more responses (p<.001) and changed their responses more often (p<.001) for the difficult infant. Perceived urgency was positively related to faster responses (p<.01), a larger number of responses (p=.064) and more altered responses (p<.01). Preliminary physiological data (n=76) showed that lower PEP (more sympathetic stress) was related to faster (p<.05) and more responses (p<.01). Longer, difficult to calm crying alters pregnant women’s perceptions of the meaning of the cries. Differences in perception and arousal may partly explain response tendencies to crying infants. Heightened physiological arousal may lead to excessive soothing behaviors.Nurturing Role Questionnaire) at 32 w","PeriodicalId":83356,"journal":{"name":"Tradition (Rabbinical Council of America)","volume":"3 1 1","pages":"94-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85104470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Abominable Mixtures\": The Liber vaccae in the Medieval West, or The Dangers and Attractions of Natural Magic","authors":"M. Lugt","doi":"10.1353/TRD.2009.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/TRD.2009.0006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":83356,"journal":{"name":"Tradition (Rabbinical Council of America)","volume":"12 1","pages":"229-277"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88668946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Walter Burley, Quid sit subiectum scientiae naturalis: Eine Edition von Quaestiones super Librum Physicorum, q. 2, und von Expositio vetus cum quaestionibus super Librum physicorum, q. 1.1","authors":"Mischa von Perger","doi":"10.1353/TRD.2007.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/TRD.2007.0005","url":null,"abstract":"Zu Aristoteles' Physik hat Walter Burley drei Kommentare verfasst: eine umfangreiche, selbstandige Quastionenreihe und zwei Texterklarungen ad modum commenti mit eingestreuten Quastionen. Der erste Literalkommentar entstand vor 1316, der zweite in zwei Schuben 1324–27 (zu den Buchern 1–6) und 1334–37 (zu den Buchern 7 und 8). Die Quastionenreihe stammt nach der hier vorgeschlagenen Datierung aus der Zeit vor Abfassung des ersten Literalkommentars.","PeriodicalId":83356,"journal":{"name":"Tradition (Rabbinical Council of America)","volume":"5 1","pages":"59-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79952720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Training and reliability issues with the Emotional Availability Scales","authors":"Z. Biringen","doi":"10.1002/IMHJ.20060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/IMHJ.20060","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":83356,"journal":{"name":"Tradition (Rabbinical Council of America)","volume":"78 1","pages":"404-405"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88336802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing early emotional development: Guiding parents of young children","authors":"M. O'brien","doi":"10.1002/IMHJ.20049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/IMHJ.20049","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":83356,"journal":{"name":"Tradition (Rabbinical Council of America)","volume":"92 2 1","pages":"284-286"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86468455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tomorrow's baby: The art and science of parenting from conception through infancy","authors":"J. Coldren","doi":"10.1002/IMHJ.20050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/IMHJ.20050","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":83356,"journal":{"name":"Tradition (Rabbinical Council of America)","volume":"43 1","pages":"287-289"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85284862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}