Annals of the College of Medicine, Mosul最新文献

{"title":"Clarification of Ki67 Expression in Association with the Histological Picture of Endometrium in Cases with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Nineveh Province","authors":"Sura Alnuaimy, L. Al-Allaf, Z. Al-Omar","doi":"10.33899/mmed.2021.131088.1106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/mmed.2021.131088.1106","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Among the frequent daily challenges in the practice of gynecology are abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) beside the distinction of fundamental endometrial lesions that stand behind it .Ki67 is among the excellent markers as the higher proliferation rate is one of the features of cancer cells. Aim: This study aims to clarify the expression of Ki67 in the endometrium of women suffering from abnormal uterine bleeding in Nineveh Province and to correlate its expression with the histological picture. Subjects, Materials, and Methods: This is a case series study that was enrolled analysis of data (retrospectively and prospectively) of 51 females who were presented with history of abnormal uterine bleeding and they were underwent an elective D&C and or hysterectomy after admission in several Hospitals, in Nineveh Province, Northern Iraq from 1 st January, 2020 to 30 th December, 2020. The selected paraffin blocks (n-=51) were cut into 3-4 micrometers thick sections and mounted on poly-L-lysine glass slides for immunohistochemical staining with using of positive and negative control sections at Unit of Immunohistochemistry in Vin Hospital -Duhok-North of Iraq. Staining was performe using the optimized protocol recommended by the International Ki67 in Breast Cancer Working Group together with Dako Autostainer according to manufacturer instructions. Results: This work revealed that 23(45%) out of 51 cases were aged >50 years. The highest mean of percentage of Ki67expression was in sections of proliferative endometrium. In fact, sections of 3/7 of cases which were exhibited a percentage of Ki67 expression from 76% to 100% aged >50 years, while sections of 3/7 of cases of menopause women showed percentage of Ki67 expression from 26% to 75 %. Further, 12 cases out of 17 showed an intensity of staining score of 2 were aged ˂50 years, while 3 out of 5 cases (which revealed an intensity of 3 ) were aged < 50 years. Five cases out of 17 which showed an intensity of staining score of 2 were aged >50 years, while 2 out of 5 cases which exhibited an intensity score of 3 were aged > 50 years. The current study showed that 11/16 cases of benign conditions presented with percentage of Ki67 expression of less than 25%,while 14/15 cases of endometrial hyperplasia presented with Ki67 expression of <25%. In contrary, 8 cases out of 20 of cases of endometrial adenocarcinoma showed Ki67 expression of >25%. Further, the intensity of Ki67 immunostaining of more than 2 was shown in 4 cases of endometrial adenocarcinoma. Regarding cases of endometrial hyperplasia, the current work revealed that 7 cases (46%) out of 15 cases were aged more than 50 years. About 4 cases (26%) of them are of atypical type with no significant differences between the percentage and intensity of Ki67 expression in cases of endometrial hyperplasia. In fact, 15 cases (75%) of endometrial adenocarcinoma were aged more than 50 years. Four (20%) of them were of grade 3, while six cases (30%) of the","PeriodicalId":8334,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the College of Medicine, Mosul","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75091096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Influencing Outcome and Mortality of Brain Abscess in Mosul City","authors":"Ali H. Azeez, A. Al-Shalchy, O. Agha","doi":"10.33899/mmed.2021.130630.1097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/mmed.2021.130630.1097","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Brain abscess by definition is a crucial pus collection inside the brain, resulted from the infection by a variety of bacteria, fungi, and parasite. It can be single or multiple. The size, position, and number of lesions, as well as the organism's pathogenicity, host reactions, and the severity of cerebral edema, all influence the presentation. Objective: To assess how well a brain abscess was managed and to evaluate the patients with favorable and unfavorable Glasgow outcome scale (GOS). Patients and methods: From January 2014 to January 2021, the study was achieved and conducted in the Neurosurgical Department of Ibn-Sina Teaching Hospital on Mosul's left coast. The neurosurgery unit managed a case series investigation of 70 patients who had a brain abscess. Age, sex, duration of illness, initial neurosurgical status, and abscess features are among the clinical data. A comparison was performed between patient with Favorable Glasgow outcome scale (GOS), moderate disability or those with good recovery and those with Unfavorable GOS, death or persist vegetate status outcome at discharge. Results: The study involved 48 male and 22 female patients (male / female ratios 2.2:1). The series consist of 52 patients who experienced favorable outcome and 18 resulted from an unfavorable outcome. The mean of age for those patients was 20 years. The difference between males and females regarding favorable and unfavorable outcomes is insignificant. P-value was significant in cyanotic congenital heart diseases as cause of brain abscess were particularly prevalent among the children (adult VS children = 1:9). The most common site for single abscesses was the frontal lobe (25 patients), and majority of patients treated with burr hole drainage, which had the best results. Conclusion: Although there were technological improvement of imaging and antibiotics treatment, the mortality of brain abscesses is still relatively high, especially among those with decreased level of consciousness on admission.","PeriodicalId":8334,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the College of Medicine, Mosul","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84912380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Capitonnage surgery is effective in all types of pulmonary hydatid cysts","authors":"Omer M. T. Hammodat, B. Alhajjar, Ahmad Hammodat","doi":"10.33899/mmed.2021.129832.1085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/mmed.2021.129832.1085","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hydatid cyst still has worldwide distribution with many cases discovered yearly in endemic areas. It has a predilection to involve the liver and the lung. Capitonnage has been practiced long time to avoid postoperative complications mainly air leak in addition to empyema formation. It may be still controversy concerning the efficiency of capitonnage especially for complicated hydatid cyst which led us to evaluate. Aim of the study: To assess the efficacy of capitonnage surgery in minimizing the postoperative complications and hospital stay in complicated and non complicated pulmonary hydatid cysts. Patients and Methods: A prospective study has been done at the department of thoracic surgery in AlJumhory teaching hospital at right side of Mosul, Department of pediatric surgery in Al-Khansaa teaching hospital and in Al-Rabee private hospital at left side of Mosul / Iraq between February 2017 and December 2019. Totally 118 patients with hydatid cyst of lung, including all ages and on different types of complicated and non-complicated cysts were included for this study. Co-morbid diseases like acute myocardial ischemia and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus were excluded from our study. Patients were evaluated in responce to the gender, age, clinical presentation, cyst condition (size, site and where ruptured or not) and postoperative hospital stay. Enucleation of the HC and capitonnage were carried out for all patients. The patient followed for three months at monthly interval, then each year with the mean follow up of 22 months. Results: One hundred eighteen patients with median age of 32 years were operated using capitonnage method. In this study 49 (41.5%) of the patients found to have intact cyst and the remaining 69 (58.5%) had ruptured cyst. We recorded the early postoperative complications which include air leak in 10 cases, Atelectasis 8, pneumothorax 3, wound infection 3 and Hemoptysis in 2 cases. Conclusion: Capitonnage can decrease the incidence of air leak and shorten hospital stay in complicated and non-complicated lung hydatid cysts.","PeriodicalId":8334,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the College of Medicine, Mosul","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86348033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge , Attitude and Practice Toward COVID – 19 in Mosul City","authors":"F. Ali, Nagham Khalil, Redhaa Rashed","doi":"10.33899/mmed.2021.130314.1094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/mmed.2021.130314.1094","url":null,"abstract":"Backgroud: COVID-19 or the disease caused by the SARS – Cov2 – (sever acute respiratory syndrome caused by coronavirus 2 ). Coronavirus has caused a pandemic that has affected patients in more than 188 countries and territories around the world. Prodigious restrictions and safety measures have been adopted by the governments to control the spread of wildfire coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. However, the effective implementation of these measures depends upon the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of the people. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was designed for the present study. The study was conducted from May 2020 to Septembet 2020 in Mosul city and include adults who are not working in the medical field and visit family medicine centers or hospitals for any reasons except having a disease Results: this study revealed that about (190) 95% of the participant knows that the disease can be spread by droplet of patient and (136) 68 % of them believe that surfaces touched by patient could be one of the measures to transmit the disease and (156) 78% of them said that the disease may transmited from asymptomatic patient. Regarding the knowledge of the participant about measures used to prevent spread of Covid 19 this research demonstrates that (198) 99% and (190) 95% of them convinced that proper hand wash and maintain appropriate distance between himself and other person specially with symptoms is an effective measure to prevent transmission of the disease . On the other hand , this study check the attitude of the participants toward Covid 19 which found that 76% and 72% of them have a good attitude toward covid 19 which was washing hands regularly and put facemask while only 59% believe that curfew during pandemic state are useful and 58% found that the preventive measures advised by health personnel were useful and 63% still considered that this disease designed as a biological weapon. Conclusions: According to this study about 65% of the participant have good knowledge , 63.4 % of them have good attitude a toward Covid 19 which is very important to limit it's transmission through the population .","PeriodicalId":8334,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the College of Medicine, Mosul","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87923435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dermatoscopic evaluation of alopecia areata","authors":"Qasim S. Al Chalabi, Anfal Al harbawi, Hala N. Al Salman","doi":"10.33899/mmed.2021.131614.1116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/mmed.2021.131614.1116","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: to assess the dermoscopic characteristics of alopecia areata and their correlations with clinical variants, nail changes, and severity of the disease. Patients and methods: This is a case-series study, which was carried out on 209 patients with alopecia areata in the Department of Dermatology from January 2020 to January 2021 at Ibn-Sina Teaching Hospital, Mosul, Iraq. After the patient's acceptance to participate in this study, a detailed history was taken. A clinical and dermatological examination was done included hair pulling test, and disease severity was graded according to the severity of alopecia tool (SALT) scoring. Each patch of alopecia areata was examined and assessed using a SKIARY Smartphone Dermatoscope©, photos ‎were taken and evaluated by three dermatologist experts in dermatoscopy separately ‎and their notes were recorded, evaluated, and tabulated‎. Spearman`s rank-order correlation test was used for data analysis. Results: Two hundred and nine patients with alopecia areata had participated in this research. The male to female ratio was 1.5:1. The mean age of presentation was of 21 ± 10.64 years. 45% of the patients had Grade S2 severity. Yellow dots were the most common dermatoscopic finding followed by black dots, while perifollicular scales were the least common. Yellow dots, broken hairs, exclamation mark hairs, and nails changes were correlated with the severe form of the disease (P <0.05). Conclusion:","PeriodicalId":8334,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the College of Medicine, Mosul","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90201694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endoscopic Findings in Adults with Nasal Obstruction: A case series study","authors":"H. Abdulwahid, Anmar Jassim, I. Mahmood, Raghdan Dawood","doi":"10.33899/mmed.2021.130671.1098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/mmed.2021.130671.1098","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The obstruction of the nasal is known as the most distinct disturbing complain of nasal disease and nasal sinus. The nasal obstruction could either be found unilateral (in one nasal cavity), bilateral (in both cavities), intermittent, progressive or persistent. The rhino-scopy (anterior and posterior) provides limited information when compared to nasal endoscopy. In certain cases, the structure which lies under the sight line and the posterior rhino-scopy is not possible. Furthermore, the early diagnosis of many unpleasant lesions will be very difficult unless using nasal endoscopy. Objectives: This study was designed to identify the real & precise causes of nasal obstruction in adults & properly evaluate the condition of nasal cavity ,post nasal space and nasal mucosa by direct vision through nasal endoscopy. and evaluate the value of naso endoscopy in diagnosis of the cause of nasal obstruction. Methods: This study was conducted to analyze noses related to 75 patients with nasal obstruction who underwent clinical and endoscopic nasal examination for the period from May 2014 to April 2015 in Mosul namely; Al-jumhoori Teaching hospital. Results: This case series study included 75 patients complaining from nasal obstruction The study include 43 male patients (57.3%), and 32 female patients (42.6%) with a M:F ratio of (1.3:1). The patients’ ages ranged between 15-70 years of age whose mean age was 42.5 years. endoscopic findings for adults patients with nasal obstruction in our study were: congested nasal mucosa 40 (53.3%) patients, septal deviation 26 (34.6%) patients, inferior turbinate hypertrophy 18 (24.0%) patients, pale swollen mucosa with watery nasal secretion 14 (18.6%) patients, bilateral nasal polyposis 10 (13.3%), post nasal drip 10 (13.3%), crustation 8 (10.6%), mucopurulent discharge from middle meatus & congested mucosa 7 patients (9.3%), adenoid hypertrophy 5 patients (6.6%), no abnormal findings 4 patients (5.3%), bluish tinged mucosa with watery nasal secretion 3 patients (4.0%). Conclusion: Nasal endoscopy includes evaluating the passages of the nasal cavity and the nasal sinus, and post nasal space using a magnified high-quality view and serves as an objective diagnostic tool in the evaluating of nasal mucosa, sinonasal anatomy, nasal cavity, and post nasal space pathology. In this study, nasal endoscopy is recommended in cases where patients complain of obstruction in the nasal specifically when anterior and posterior rhino-scopic examinations do not succeed in diagnosing causes of nasal obstruction","PeriodicalId":8334,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the College of Medicine, Mosul","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76384809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A successful Laparoscopic surgery for multiple hydatid cysts (7 cysts) of liver : Case Report","authors":"S. Hasan","doi":"10.33899/mmed.2021.131592.1114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/mmed.2021.131592.1114","url":null,"abstract":"Case report : To the best of our knowledge this could be the first report of a successfully performed laparoscopic surgery for female patient having had multiple liver hydatid cysts ( 7 in number) in both lobes of","PeriodicalId":8334,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the College of Medicine, Mosul","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73668224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association Of Body Mass Index And Prostatic Cancer Histopathological Grade","authors":"M. Muzahim, Adil AL- aqabi","doi":"10.33899/mmed.2021.130724.1099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/mmed.2021.130724.1099","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Obesity, a global public health concern, has been repeatedly linked to the development of different cancers in epidemiologic and basic research studies, Prostate cancer is the most frequently encountered solid tissue cancer in men. Gleason score of the prostate cancer is one of the most important parameter, which provides the most important data about biological behavior of the cancer and affect on the selection of the treatment and its outcomes. Therefore, accuracy of Gleason score, based on histopathological analysis of the biopsy material, has a critical importance Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study with retrospective analytical elements, among prostate cancer patients who were diagnosed based on histopathology of prostate gland ,then classified accorrding to G.S (gleasson score) and body mass index. Aim of this study: To evaluate the association between high body mass index and Gleason grade of prostate cancer. Results: The results of this study showed that patients with high body mass index Significantly associated with high grade of prostate cancer, as ( 46.4% and 62.2% of overweight and obese patients respectively had high Gleason score above 7 while 12.5% of overweight and 8.1% of obese patients had low Gleason score and the p Value was (0.002). Conclusion: This study found that high body mass index associated with increase high grade of prostate cancer.","PeriodicalId":8334,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the College of Medicine, Mosul","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88403188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Periconceptional folate supplementation for the prevention of congenital heart diseases: A review of literatures","authors":"Mazin Mahmoud Fawzi","doi":"10.33899/mmed.2021.130832.1102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/mmed.2021.130832.1102","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Folate is essential for metabolism and development. So, folate metabolism abnormalities are common in infants with some congenital defects. An infant born to mothers with normal folate status has more resistant to congenital heart diseases (CHDs). Evidence on risk factors for developmental defects resulting from drug use before conception and during pregnancy is still very limited. The relationship between folic acid for mothers before and throughout pregnancy and the incidence of fetal malformations and diseases have been recognized. Aims: This article is a rapid review for assessment of the folic acid supplementation as a preventive measure of CHDs during fetal development, and what is already recognized about a policy of this subject, by using systematic review methods to search some of the existing researches. Materials: publications related to determining and quantifying the use of folate by pregnant mothers to decrease the risk of congenital heart diseases were reviewed. Many studies have confirmed the reduction of congenital heart diseases by folic acid supplementation prior to pregnancy. Conclusion: the protective effect of folic acid against congenital heart abnormalities has been established. Though, the dose and time of supplementation are not known; more researches are needed to explain the","PeriodicalId":8334,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the College of Medicine, Mosul","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82092686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interleukin – 6 Serum Level and Single Nucleotide Gene -174 G/C promoter Polymorphism in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis / Iraq","authors":"R. Ibrahim, Firas M D Al-Tae","doi":"10.33899/mmed.2021.131144.1108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/mmed.2021.131144.1108","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To 1) assess IL-6 levels in the serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 2) study IL-6 promoter -174 G>C “single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)” as an imminent factor for the disease development. 3) find any relation between the level of serum IL-6 cytokine and other parameters such as age, gender, clinical severity of diseases and “disease activity scores (DAS28)”. Materials & methods: This research was carried out through a case – control approach at “Ibn – Senna Teaching Hospital” in Mosul city between November 2020 and July 2021. It included 61 RA patients diagnosed according to “ACR / EULAR 2010 criteria” and 50 healthy individuals. IL-6 serum levels were ascertained by ELISA and genotyping of IL-6 promoter was accomplished by “sequence-specific primerpolymerase chain reaction (SSP-PCR)”. Results: Mean IL-6 level in RA (69.42 ng /l ± 62.99) was elevated in comparison to healthy people (14.66 ng /l ± 23.58), P < 0.001. No age or gender effects on IL-6 concentration were noted. The ideal cut-off of IL-6 for discrimination of RA with best discriminative utility compared to healthy controls was 22.80 ng/l. At this value the IL-6 sensitivity was 91.8%, specificity 82.0% and accuracy rate 73.80%. G/G genotype was the most pervasive genotype in both RA patients and controls (70.5% in RA and 64% in healthy controls). However, it did not seem to be a risk factor for RA development compared to G/C or C/C genotypes “(OR = 1.3438, 95% CI=0.605-2.984,P=0.469)”. The mean IL-6 level in patients with GG genotype was (73.70 ng / l ± 71.09) compared to (58.37 ng /l ± 37.86) in patients with GC genotype. There was no significant difference in the IL-6 level between patients with GG and patients with GC genotypes (P = 0.2375). Although higher IL-6 mean concentration was reported in severe RA, however, no significant difference was found between patients with mild, moderate and severe RA respectively. No correlation of serum levels of IL-6 with genetic promoter polymorphism, clinical severity of diseases or DAS 28 score were reported. Conclusion: The concentration of serum IL-6 was elevated in RA in regard to healthy controls which confirmed its pivotal role in RA pathogenesis. Our data did not support the role of IL-6 promoter -174 G> C polymorphism as a risk factor for RA, nor seem to play a major role in the increase of IL-6 level among our patients with RA.","PeriodicalId":8334,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the College of Medicine, Mosul","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78567826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}