Annals of the College of Medicine, Mosul最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Endogenous Melatonin Hormone on Cardiovascular System: A Review of Literature","authors":"Bushra Khairuddin Abdulqader","doi":"10.33899/mmed.2023.137511.1180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/mmed.2023.137511.1180","url":null,"abstract":"Melatonin (MLT) \"N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine\"; a pineal hormone; has a diurnal variation and may be necessary for the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and peripheral tissue's molecular circadian clocks to be synchronized, has powerful receptor-dependent and receptor-independent effects on a number of cardiovascular (CV) variables, including endothelial cells function, thrombus formation, blood pressure (BP), and heart rate (HR). MLT possesses antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, chronobiotic, and perhaps epigenetics regulatory characteristics. Low blood concentrations of MLT have been found in persons who have coronary artery disease (CAD), arterial hypertension (HT), and congestive cardiac failure. The physiological function of endogenous MLT and its circadian rhythm in the human CV system is reviewed in this article","PeriodicalId":8334,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the College of Medicine, Mosul","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84473113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Membrane Metallo-Endopeptidase Inhibitor Alone or in Combination with Azilsartan on Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone-System in Rats with Heart Failure","authors":"Kawa F Dizaye, Rojgar H Ali","doi":"10.33899/mmed.2023.137862.1183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/mmed.2023.137862.1183","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system activation associated with heart failure is one of the main determinants of health condition deterioration of the patients with heart failure. The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of the metallo-endopeptidase inhibitor Sacubitril alone and in combination with azilsartan in ameliorating syndromes of heart failure in rats. Materials and Methods: twenty four rats were divided into 4 groups, each of 6 rats. The first group served as the normal control group. Heart failure was induced in the rats of the other three groups with isoproterenol 5 mg/kg/day for one week, 2nd group rats served as appositive control group, rats in the 3rd, and 4th groups were administered daily oral doses of sacubitril, and sacubitril-azilsartan combination respectively for two weeks. Results: Heart failure induction in rats with isoproterenol showed a statistically significant increase in plasma concentration of NT-proBNP, MMP9, Renin, Troponin I, and CK-MB. A significant decrease in mean blood pressure, urine flow, glomerular filtration rate was observed. Administration of sacubitril-azilsartan combinations showed a significant fall of MMP9, NT-proBNP, serum urea, Troponin I and creatinine. Rats that have received Sacubitril alone did not show significant changes in the mentioned parameters except for NT-proBNP and serum creatinine. Combining sacubitril with azilsartan showed a significant increase in urine flow, glomerular filtration rate, and renin plasma level, whereas Sacubitril alone failed to show a significant change in the mentioned parameters. Conclusion: Combination of sacubitril with azilsartan showed better efficacy to sacubitril monotherapy in improving plasma levels of cardiac biomarkers: NT-proBNP, MMP9, and troponin I levels. It has ameliorated compromised renal function through increasing glomerular filtration rate, urine flow, creatinine clearance, and urea clearance. Results revealed that the combination (azilsartan-sacubitril) showed better ameliorating impacts on syndromes of heart failure induced by isoproterenol in rats.","PeriodicalId":8334,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the College of Medicine, Mosul","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83331830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Coronal Oblique Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Detection of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tears","authors":"Oqba Abdul-nafi’ Dawood, M. Kadhim","doi":"10.33899/mmed.2023.137349.1177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/mmed.2023.137349.1177","url":null,"abstract":"Background: the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the knee joint ligament that is the most frequently injured and necessitate knee joint MRI secondary to trauma. Aim of the study: to assess the benefit of adding T2W-coronal oblique sequence to the standard MRI knee protocol in detecting and grading the ACL tears. Patients and methods: Seventy patients participated in this cross-sectional study between July 2021 to December 2021, 54 were males and 16 were females with an age ranged from 18-45 years (mean age 33.4±8.6). Three well-trained general radiologists interpreted the results; each radiologist assessed all the patients in the standard sequences alone (method A), then randomly re-assessed them using the standard and oblique sequences together (method B). Results: the results showed a considerable degree of variability in interpretation between the 3 radiologists in method A, while there was a relative decrease in the degree of variability in interpretation between the 3 radiologists in method B. There was a statically significant difference between the results for each radiologist in both methods (P-value 0.0001). The results showed an overall increment in Cohen's Kappa score for radiologists no. 2 and 3 in method B compared to method A, Cohen Kappa for (Radiologist 2: in method A 0.800 became 0.808 in method B) and (Radiologist 3: in method A 0.801 became 0.936 in method B), while for radiologist 1, there was substantial agreement in both methods. Conclusion: addition of oblique coronal sequence in assessing ACL injury revealed an improved detection and appropriate grading of the ACL tears.","PeriodicalId":8334,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the College of Medicine, Mosul","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78604718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Giardiasis in Iraq: A Review","authors":"H. Sadoon, B. Al-Sabawi","doi":"10.33899/mmed.2023.138020.1184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/mmed.2023.138020.1184","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Giardiasis, is a disease caused by the Giadia lambilia , found in many regions of the world, including Iraq. It affects different age groups of people, especially children and causes symptoms, including abdominal pain, diarrhea and weight loss. The aim of this review is to find the prevalence of giardiasis among many cities and governorates in Iraq and the extent of the influence of age, sex, area of residence and seasons of the year on its spread. Conclusion: Numerous previous studies indicated the spread of giardiasis in many cities and governorates in Iraq and the young age group showed a higher rate of prevalence than the other groups. Males are also recorded higher infection rate than females. Also, the infection rate in rural areas was higher than in urban areas. It is also evident that the seasons had an effect on the parasite's existence and, consequently, the spread of this sickness.","PeriodicalId":8334,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the College of Medicine, Mosul","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75377652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Correlation of Renal Functions with The Severity of COVID-19 in Erbil City","authors":"S. Sulaiman","doi":"10.33899/mmed.2023.138270.1190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/mmed.2023.138270.1190","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: It is well known that infection with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has pulmonary and extra-pulmonary manifestations including renal system. Understanding the bidirectional impact and correlation between severity of COVID-19 and renal function impairment is crucial in managing the complications of COVID-19 and drug prescription accordingly. This study aimed to assess impairment in renal function at mild, moderate and sever cases of covid-19. Methods: A study focused on COVID-19 cases was carried out in Erbil, Iraq. The sample consisted of 253 individuals who tested positive for the virus through PCR (135 females and 118 males) aged 18 or older and were obtained through convenience sampling from various clinics and hospitals in the city. The data collection took place from July 1, 2020 to October 2021 and involved gathering the medical history, physical examination results, laboratory tests, and imaging of the cases to assess their health status, the severity of their illness, and their renal function. Results: The patient's gender did not play a major role in the intensity of COVID-19 illness (p=0.744), however, factors such as smoking, hypertension, and diabetes were found to be significant contributors (p<0.0001). The kidney function measurement, GFR, revealed a significant difference among all groups (p<0.0001) and showed a strong negative relationship with CRP (r=-0.751, p<0.001) and a moderate positive connection with SpO2 (r=0.646, p<0.001). Conclusion: The severity of COVID-19 was found to have a strong negative correlation with kidney function, which was represented","PeriodicalId":8334,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the College of Medicine, Mosul","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90519359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association of Serum Vitamin D and Serum Zinc on Semen Quality among Men's Fertility","authors":"Sarmad S. Muhammad","doi":"10.33899/mmed.2023.138147.1187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/mmed.2023.138147.1187","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Vitamin D and zinc deficiency have been the most common nutritional deficiency worldwide. There is conflicting evidence about the potential link between serum vitamin D levels and serum zinc and semen quality. The aim of this study is to examine how serum zinc and serum vitamin D affect the fertility of males by evaluating the quality of their semen. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study was carried out for 18 months from May 2021 to December 2022 on 103 men who were referred to an infertility clinic center at Kalar, As-Sulaymaniyyah city for their wife's fertility problems. They divided into two different groups of normal sperm parameters and abnormal sperm parameters (55 normal) and (48 abnormal). Results: The mean values of the semen volume, total sperm concentration, total sperm motility percentage, and normal morphology percentage as well as serum vitamin D and serum zinc were significantly higher in the group with “normal sperm parameter” (55) as compared to subjects (48) “abnormal sperm parameters” group. The serum vitamin D and serum zinc levels were significantly high in men with “normal sperm parameters”; 35.21±10.18 (ng/dL), and, 76.46±12.02 (ng/dL), respectively. Compared with \"abnormal sperm parameters\" 17.64±10.01 (ng/dL) and 54.14±15.64 (ng/dL) (mean ± SD) with p-value < 0.0001. Conclusion: A significant decrease in serum vitamin D and serum zinc concentrations has a negative association on semen quality, leading to decrease sperm parameters as well as fertilization rate.","PeriodicalId":8334,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the College of Medicine, Mosul","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78044665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Energy Expenditure During Exercise in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients","authors":"Shaima Abdulhadi Hassim","doi":"10.33899/mmed.2023.136027.1165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/mmed.2023.136027.1165","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Exercise or physical activity is considered of key importance in the clinical management of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus T2DM and has therefore been included inthe guidelines for diabetes prevention and treatment , Aim: this study aims to evaluate the relationship between energy expenditure and T2DM parameters during the evaluation of functional exercise capacity. Materials and Methods: the case series study was included 100 individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus T2DM. The patients with physical or cognitive disabilities, uncontrollable cardiovascular disease, heart failure, arrhythmia, pulmonary disease, liver failure, kidney failure, cancer, neurological and orthopedic diseases were excluded from this study. Informed consent was obtained from all individuals participating in the study. Data were analyzed with SPSS software (version 25, IBM., NY, U.S.A.) Results: The patients included in the study were clinically stable. When the visceral adipose index ( VAI) values of individuals according to age are examined, 29.4% had no adipose tissue dysfunction, 5.9% had mild, 35.3% moderate, 29.4% had severe adipose tissue dysfunction. The mean PCI was 0.37 ±0.18 (beats/m). When individuals are classified according to the physiological expenditure index, Physiological cost index (PCI ) values are below 0.23 beats/m in 23.5% of individuals, between 0.23-0.42 beats/m in 29.4%, and 0.42 beats/m in 47.1% of individuals. It was above. The six-minute walk test 6MWT values of 47.1% of individuals were below 82% and above 82% of 52.9%. Considering the relationships between clinical parameters and 6MWT job; Height, PCI, total cholesterol, 6MWT distance, 6MWT percentage, and during 6MWT with PCI Conclusions: Although the correlation between exercise capacity and (FBG). is modest, it may have accounted for these people's poor functional exercise ability","PeriodicalId":8334,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the College of Medicine, Mosul","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76230024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consequence of Aging on Male Albino Rats' Testes and Possible Protective Role of Resveratrol","authors":"Wasan Waadallah Hassawi, M. Al-sammak","doi":"10.33899/mmed.2023.139324.1197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/mmed.2023.139324.1197","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Aging is a normal physiological process that causes several changes in all organs, and changes in testicular histology are one consequence of aging that leads to decline in male fertility. The aim of the study: is to examine the impact of aging on the testes and the possible protective role of resveratrol. Method: Twenty-four male of Wistar albino rats were used in the present study, which divided into three groups of eight animals each. A 6-month-old control group A. Group B the 24 month old group. Group C the old age group treated with resveratrol received 25 mg/kg/day dissolved in distilled water given orally by gastric tube. Treatment were performed for 3 months. At end of experiment, blood was collected for hormonal assessment, the animals were scarified, and the testes were taken and prepared for histological examination. Results: revealed that the testes had regressive age-related structural alterations include atrophy and sclerosed seminiferous tubules, arrest of spermatogenesis, decrease in the spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells, thickening of the tunica albuginea, increase in Leydig cells associated with decrease testosterone and increase in FSH )follicular stimulating hormone) and LH (luteinizing hormone), increase the oxidative marker MDA (Malonaldehyde ), in addition to deterioration in sperm analysis. The use of RES (Resveratrol) improve the testosterone, FSH and LH with decrease the MDA and improve the histological changes of aged testes . Conclusion: aging has deleterious effect on testes cause histological changes, reduction in spermatozoa's quality and quantity with aging and increase oxidative stress of aged testes and the use of RES as a preventative and/or therapeutic drug for aging-related testicular alterations is possible.","PeriodicalId":8334,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the College of Medicine, Mosul","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76449628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological Characteristics and Clinical Approach of COVID-19 among Children under 18 Years in Iraq","authors":"Noor Barraq","doi":"10.33899/mmed.2023.136660.1170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/mmed.2023.136660.1170","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging, rapidly evolving situation that leads to unprecedented demand for health care services. Objectives: Underscoring the clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children in Iraq by highlighting a new configuration of health care services without any boundaries in the future provided to pediatric patients via telemedicine. Patients and methods: An ongoing prospective cross-sectional telemedicine-based study with data gathering and analysis of many variables of 62 patients in Iraq via remote consultations between July 2020 and May 2021. Results: The male-to-female sex ratio was 0.8:1. The most frequently observed symptoms in infants less than 1 year of age have been coughing (66.6%) and fever (55.5%). In children aged 1-9 years, fever (61.1%) and rhinorrhea (55.5%) were the most commonly observed symptoms with additional clinical findings, including one case (2.7%) presented with bloody diarrhea and another case (2.7%) presented with chest pain. In children and Adolescents aged 10-<18 years, headache (64.7%) with a significant P-value (0.000) and fever (58.8%) were the most frequently observed symptoms. Only one patient (1.6%) requires hospital admission, and the vast majority of the patients are treated at home (98.4%). Hopefully, the case fatality rate was zero percent. Conclusions: The COVID-19 trajectory in children has a good prognosis, even in cases with underlying chronic diseases, and most of the cases are treated at home using telemedicine-healthcare services.","PeriodicalId":8334,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the College of Medicine, Mosul","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89667552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ruptured Ovarian Cyst, Epidemiology and Description of Patient's Clinical Profile","authors":"D. Omar, Z. Yassen","doi":"10.33899/mmed.2023.137031.1174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/mmed.2023.137031.1174","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ruptured ovarian cysts are common gynaecological presentation to health institutions most commonly presented with abdominal pain. Objective: Describe the clinical profile of cases diagnosed to have ruptured ovarian cysts. Methodology: The current study is a case series study conducted in Al-Jumhory and Al-Salam Teaching Hospitals in Mosul. During the period from 1 st Jan. to the end of October. 2021. The study subjects include 64 females' presented to the involved hospitals and diagnosed to have ruptured ovarian cysts. Results: About 70% of participants were in the age group 11-26 years. More than half of the study population reports primary school education compared to only 15% of cases who report university level of education. Also, it has been found that 27 patients (41.67 %) were married. The majority of cases were diagnosed to have right ovarian cyst, moreover, 70.31% of patients presented with right Iliac fossa pain. Nausea, and vomiting was reported by 85.94% and 60.94% of study population respectively. on the other hand, vaginal bleeding was observed among only 15.63%. Conclusion: The frequency of ovarian cyst rupture is relatively high among younger women, and in lower educational levels women, whereas positive family history of ovarian cyst rupture was infrequent.","PeriodicalId":8334,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the College of Medicine, Mosul","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74030475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}