The South African journal of economic history : [journal of the Economic History Society of Southern Africa]最新文献

{"title":"All those racial capitalists sampie Terreblanche's a history of inequality in South Africa, 1652–2002","authors":"H. Kenney","doi":"10.1080/10113430409511170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10113430409511170","url":null,"abstract":"\"We are all socialists nowadays\", Sir William Harcourt famously remarked just over a century ago. Of course times have changed. After the fall of the Berlin Wall and the end of the Soviet Union it takes guts to stand up for so discredited a faith, even for as pale a version as social democracy. Sampie Terreblanche is one such warrior for the old-time religion.\u0000His hefty (and repetitive) volume of more than 500 pages has a simple thesis. \"Capitalism attempts to maximise efficiency and profit through merciless competition in a free market system in which the strong, skilful, and property owners win, and the weaker and less 'cunning' lose.\" Fortunately democracy can save the day because it \"emphasises joint interests, equality, and common loyalties... The legal system that protects both democracy and capitalism is based on the principle of equality before the law, but maintains inequalities in the distribution of property rights and opportunities in the capitalist system\" (p 16).","PeriodicalId":83269,"journal":{"name":"The South African journal of economic history : [journal of the Economic History Society of Southern Africa]","volume":"70 1","pages":"42 - 66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86279438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Central bank independence before and after the democratisation of South Africa","authors":"G. M. Wessels","doi":"10.1080/10113430409511173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10113430409511173","url":null,"abstract":"Political changes, especially profound ones with a revolutionary potential, always hold serious consequences for the entire economic system of a country in general, and the central bank and its monetary functions in particular. This is even more true in the case of emerging countries with unsettled political circumstances and structures, and with a historic legacy such as the former apartheid system in South Africa. The vexing question then naturally arises what consequences such wide-ranging and profound political changes might have for, inter alia, the central bank of a country. If the transformation takes place against the backdrop of a world-wide accepted increase in the importance of the CBI on the one hand, but involves a political grouping (the ANC) with an initial inclination towards socialism and an alliance with the Communist Party, also involving many jobless and disadvantaged stakeholders on the other, the scene is prepared for an interesting public debate. Such was the situation in South Africa during the early and middle 1990s.\u0000The importance of central bank independence (CBI) derives from the argument that the power to create money should be separated from the power to spend it. Governments are more short term orientated, have an inflationary inclination and are tempted to spend money in order to create favourable economic and political environments just before elections. Various studies indicate lower inflation in those countries where independence of their central banks is the strongest. A prime example in this regard used to be the position and policy of Germany's central bank, the Bundesbank. Renowned for its strong stance against inflation and political intervention, this bank obtained wide recognition for its successful monetary policy leading to consistently low inflation. This, in turn, was ascribed to its persistent opposition to political interference. Many other countries around the globe have also increased the independence of their central banks, for example New Zealand, Chile, Britain, France and many South American countries.\u0000South Africa belongs to this league because it has improved its central bank's independence both before and after democratisation. Independence for the SARB was not an explicit issue or focal point of debate with regard to monetary matters during a large part of the 1970s and 1980s. However, during the early years of the 1990s it was increasingly discussed more openly and extensively, especially after the end of the apartheid era and the establishment of the above-mentioned new political dispensation and new constitution. The question naturally arises as to the differences between the pre- and post-democratisation versions of CBI in South Africa. The CBI concept has many political connotations and implications and a move either towards or away from democratisation might influence a central bank's independence.\u0000This article compares the pre- and post-democratisation situation regarding CBI in Sou","PeriodicalId":83269,"journal":{"name":"The South African journal of economic history : [journal of the Economic History Society of Southern Africa]","volume":"53 1 1","pages":"132 - 157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77647008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tobacco control in South Africa in the 1990s: A mix of advocacy, academic research and policy","authors":"C. van Walbeek","doi":"10.1080/10113430409511172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10113430409511172","url":null,"abstract":"South Africa has seen many dramatic changes in government policy since the democratic transition in 1994. In the area of public health, the ANC-led government has taken a particularly strong approach against tobacco. Whereas the apartheid government was generally indifferent to, and even supportive of, the tobacco industry, the new government made it clear from the start that they were going to impose strong controls against tobacco. The new government's tobacco control strategy allowed South Africa to catch up rapidly with, and even overtake, the tobacco control policies that many developed countries had implemented in recent decades. Ever since the detrimental medical impact of tobacco was scientifically proven in the 1960s, many European and North American countries had imposed tobacco control policies, aimed at reducing tobacco use and smoking prevalence.","PeriodicalId":83269,"journal":{"name":"The South African journal of economic history : [journal of the Economic History Society of Southern Africa]","volume":"96 1","pages":"100 - 131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74482819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Policy successes and policy failures in agriculture and land reform in South Africa The 1990s","authors":"N. Vink, J. Kirsten","doi":"10.1080/10113430309511156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10113430309511156","url":null,"abstract":"There have been a number of recent reviews of contemporary South African agricultural policy that have considered the issues from different perspectives. Van Zyl, Vink, Kirsten & Poonyth in addressing the period of the 1990s, summarise the main policy changes that took place (land reform, institutional restructuring in the public sector, and marketing, water, trade and labour market policies).","PeriodicalId":83269,"journal":{"name":"The South African journal of economic history : [journal of the Economic History Society of Southern Africa]","volume":"12 1","pages":"117 - 96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87561165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The South African balance of payments in the 1990s","authors":"P. Mohr","doi":"10.1080/10113430309511166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10113430309511166","url":null,"abstract":"The most important development in South Africa in the 1990s was the adoption of a new constitutional dispensation. This impacted on every aspect of life in South Africa, including the economy in general and the balance of payments in particular. The democratisation in the political sphere was accompanied by the reintegration of the South African economy into the international economy. The experience was often traumatic, since the world economy itself had undergone radical changes since South Africa was isolated.","PeriodicalId":83269,"journal":{"name":"The South African journal of economic history : [journal of the Economic History Society of Southern Africa]","volume":"6 1","pages":"366 - 395"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85085918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"B. The short‐term insurance market 1990–2000","authors":"Robert W. Vivian","doi":"10.1080/10113430309511163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10113430309511163","url":null,"abstract":"The decade opened with the market dealing with the aftermath of the collapse of the AA Mutual a large short-term insurance company. As a consequence the regulator was completely reorganised, the supervisory legislation revised and a voluntary ombudsman appointed. As the decade progressed and the first Black majority government was elected optimism ruled as foreign insurers returned to the market. The legislative reforms however did not cease as the new government as the new government found its feet and embarked on an extensive review of legislation affecting financial markets. The South African market was also being influenced by developments which took place in foreign markets, in particular mergers and acquisitions. The market had difficulties in producing an underwriting profit. It started the decade making a loss and ended as it started.","PeriodicalId":83269,"journal":{"name":"The South African journal of economic history : [journal of the Economic History Society of Southern Africa]","volume":"10 1","pages":"289 - 309"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86655409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An overview of the South African economy in the 1990s","authors":"P. Mohr","doi":"10.1080/10113430309511152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10113430309511152","url":null,"abstract":"The last decade of the second millennium was an eventful, often dramatic, period in South African history. President De Klerk's famous speech of 2nd February 1990 signalled the beginning of major changes in the South African political landscape, which inevitably had significant implications for the performance of the South African economy. The immediate impact was great uncertainty about the economic policies to be adopted by the African National Congress (ANC) once it came to power, which seemed inevitable.","PeriodicalId":83269,"journal":{"name":"The South African journal of economic history : [journal of the Economic History Society of Southern Africa]","volume":"47 1","pages":"16 - 30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84953360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mining in the 1990s","authors":"Stuart Jones","doi":"10.1080/10113430309511157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10113430309511157","url":null,"abstract":"Mining was transformed in the 1990s, as the explosive growth of the platinum group of metals led to that industry's output surpassing that of gold in the last year of the twentieth century. In 1990 gold still dominated the scene, as it had done at the beginning of the century, despite the long-term decline in output that had been taking place since 1970 - a decline that had been reinforced by the slide in the gold price from its peak in 1980.","PeriodicalId":83269,"journal":{"name":"The South African journal of economic history : [journal of the Economic History Society of Southern Africa]","volume":"36 1","pages":"118 - 158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82108833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"External trade in the 1990s","authors":"Stuart Jones","doi":"10.1080/10113430309511165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10113430309511165","url":null,"abstract":"South Africa's external trade in the 1990s was not transformed in ways comparable to what happened in the political sphere; but the direction of trade was affected by the ending of embargoes, by the new communist dominated government's identification with Third World causes and the Non-Aligned Movement, and by the new global environment that emerged in the wake of the collapse of the Soviet Union. In the 1990s Third World countries could no longer play the West against the Soviet Bloc.","PeriodicalId":83269,"journal":{"name":"The South African journal of economic history : [journal of the Economic History Society of Southern Africa]","volume":"40 1","pages":"332 - 365"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79661016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The pace, nature and impact of trade policy in South Africa in the 1990s","authors":"R. Cassim","doi":"10.1080/10113430309511155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10113430309511155","url":null,"abstract":"The South African economy underwent a gradual process of trade reform in the 1990s. Trade reform, along with other incentives, critically influences the way resources are re-allocated from one sector of the economy to another. The democratic government's commitment to trade reform was an acknowledgement of the major inefficiencies that existed in the South African economy brought about by high levels of protection. The study of trade policy has various elements.","PeriodicalId":83269,"journal":{"name":"The South African journal of economic history : [journal of the Economic History Society of Southern Africa]","volume":"253 1","pages":"76 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78386133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}