Archives of Pharmacology and Therapeutics最新文献

{"title":"Co-intervention of an Immune Modulator - SIVA Herbal Drops versus Treatment Outcome","authors":"G. Rajagopal, G. Amruthavalli","doi":"10.33696/pharmacol.4.032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/pharmacol.4.032","url":null,"abstract":"S.I.V.A herbal drops are a poly herbal preparation in drops formulation. It is indicated in the immune modulating benefit. The in vitro studies have established its activity of boosting phagocyted based immunity. In the present study the immune boosting efficacy of S.I.V.A herbal drops in infectious disease conditions was evaluated in the human subjects in Apollo Wellness Plus Centre and Apollo Children’s Hospital between 2009-2010. The study is planned in three different treatment regimens. In all the clinical evaluations, inclusion of S.I.V.A herbal drops in the regular treatment regimen has given greater improvement in clinical condition compared to standalone therapy. Complete details are discussed in the present paper.","PeriodicalId":8324,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78193013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recurrent MPNST in Mosaic Localized Neurofibromatosis: A Rare Scenario – Review","authors":"B. Abraham, Y. Marickar","doi":"10.33696/pharmacol.4.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/pharmacol.4.029","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Mosaic localized neurofibromatosis is a rare subtype of Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) which is largely underdiagnosed till recently. The occurrence of Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor (MPNST) in such a setting is extremely rare with only 5 cases reported in literature till date. Method: Narrative review based on published case reports, obtained by searching on PubMed and Google scholar. Results/ Discussion: The pattern of recurrence and prognosis are different from conventional MPNST. The cases are of variable histologic grade, but showed improved survival outcome with surgical treatment alone. Even though local recurrence is common, none of these cases showed distant metastasis. This is in contrast with conventional MPNST which shows poor survival and frequent metastasis even with multimodality treatment. Specific treatment guidelines are yet to be established because of its rarity. Conclusions: Even though histomorphology remains the mainstay of diagnosis of MPNST, further cytogenetic and molecular analysis of these cases are crucial in the invention of new targeted drugs. In this review, we discuss the clinical outcome of this rare entity and highlight the importance of understanding the molecular events for future targeted","PeriodicalId":8324,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88254028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacologic Therapies for Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: Current and Future Treatments","authors":"Ilana P. Goldberg, Benjamin Lichtbroun, E. Singer, S. Ghodoussipour","doi":"10.33696/pharmacol.4.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/pharmacol.4.030","url":null,"abstract":"Bladder cancer is the sixth most common malignancy in the United States and 70% of cases are non-muscle invasive at the time of diagnosis. Effective treatment is crucial to prevent progression, which occurs in about 30% of patients. The American Urological Association (AUA) guidelines recommend treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) with intravesical Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and chemotherapy. However, ongoing shortages and high rates of BCG unresponsiveness creates a major need for novel therapies. In this narrative review, we discuss the evolving landscape of therapeutic options for NMIBC. Pembrolizumab, an anti-programmed cell death (PD)-1 antibody, was the first systemic therapy to be FDA-approved for BCG-unresponsive, high-risk disease. Promising new agents under investigation include various other checkpoint inhibitors and adenovirus-based therapies including CG0070 and nadofaragene firadenovec (rAd-IFNa/Syn3). Finally, new mechanisms of drug delivery are under investigation, including delivery with the GemRIS (TAR-200) device and delivery of intravesical chemotherapy at higher temperatures. With the promise of novel therapies on the horizon, we can expect the role of urologists in the management of NMIBC to evolve and expand.","PeriodicalId":8324,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":"65 1","pages":"13 - 22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91098160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacologic Therapies for Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: Current and Future Treatments.","authors":"Ilana P Goldberg,&nbsp;Benjamin Lichtbroun,&nbsp;Eric A Singer,&nbsp;Saum Ghodoussipour","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bladder cancer is the sixth most common malignancy in the United States and 70% of cases are non-muscle invasive at the time of diagnosis. Effective treatment is crucial to prevent progression, which occurs in about 30% of patients. The American Urological Association (AUA) guidelines recommend treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) with intravesical Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and chemotherapy. However, ongoing shortages and high rates of BCG unresponsiveness creates a major need for novel therapies. In this narrative review, we discuss the evolving landscape of therapeutic options for NMIBC. Pembrolizumab, an anti-programmed cell death (PD)-1 antibody, was the first systemic therapy to be FDA-approved for BCG-unresponsive, high-risk disease. Promising new agents under investigation include various other checkpoint inhibitors and adenovirus-based therapies including CG0070 and nadofaragene firadenovec (rAd-IFNa/Syn3). Finally, new mechanisms of drug delivery are under investigation, including delivery with the GemRIS (TAR-200) device and delivery of intravesical chemotherapy at higher temperatures. With the promise of novel therapies on the horizon, we can expect the role of urologists in the management of NMIBC to evolve and expand.</p>","PeriodicalId":8324,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":"4 1","pages":"13-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/19/3d/nihms-1817370.PMC9431226.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40343667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remdesivir in COVID-19 Patients with End Stage Renal Disease on Hemodialysis","authors":"V. Selvaraj, Karl Herman, A. Finn, A. Jindal, -. KwameDapaah, Afriyie","doi":"10.33696/pharmacol.3.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/pharmacol.3.024","url":null,"abstract":"To date, only glucocorticoids have been shown to reduce mortality in COVID-19. Use of remdesivir was associated with reduced length of stay in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. A deadly second wave in Asian countries has caused increased demand and usage of remdesivir in these countries. However, there is limited data about its efficacy in patients with severe renal dysfunction or end-stage renal disease on dialysis. COVID-19, a global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) has resulted in hospitalization in many cases. The pathophysiology involves an initial viral response phase where patients mostly have mild constitutional symptoms, followed by a pulmonary and then a hyperinflammatory phase where patients have shortness of breath, hypoxemia, abnormal chest imaging and elevated inflammatory markers [1]. Current treatment for COVID-19 includes dexamethasone and remdesivir, besides supportive care and supplemental oxygen [2,3]. Recently, the RECOVERY study group also reported positive results with tocilizumab when used in combination with dexamethasone [4]. Initial trials on remdesivir excluded patients with CrCl<30 ml/ min/1.73m2. Evidence suggests that acute kidney injury is present in >20% of hospitalized patients and >50% of patients in the ICU [5]. In addition, mortality rates are much higher (between 26 and 35%) in this high risk, vulnerable population [6]. Remdesivir is a broad-spectrum anti-viral drug and inhibits viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Intracellularly, remdesivir prodrug is rapidly converted into its metabolite GS-704277 and subsequently into GS-441524, which becomes the main circulating metabolite. The metabolites compete with adenosine triphosphate for incorporation into viral RNA, causing premature chain termination and inhibition of viral replication [7,8]. The other component of remdesivir includes SBECD, which helps in increasing the solubility of remdesivir. Concerns about safety data for SBECD carrier’s accumulation should be allayed by the available data on voriconazole [9]. Remdesivir is renally excreted approximately 10% as unchanged drug and 49% as GS-441524. GS-441524 is removed by hemodialysis, with post-dialysis concentrations 45%–49% lower than pre-dialysis levels [10]. We conducted a retrospective study on all hospitalized patients at our institution with a diagnosis of COVID-19 and end stage renal disease on hemodialysis between April 1 and December 31, 2020. A total of 52 charts were reviewed, of which 28 met the inclusion criteria. 14 patients received remdesivir, and 14 patients did not receive remdesivir. Primary endpoints were length of stay, mortality, maximum oxygen requirements along with escalation of care needing mechanical ventilation. Secondary endpoints included change in CRP, d dimer levels and disposition. A two-sample t-test was used to compare means. Z-test and chi-square analysis were used to compare proportions. Type 1 error (alpha) was set at 0.05. S","PeriodicalId":8324,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87180297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nematocidal Effect of Japanese Traditional Intestinal Medicine ‘Seirogan’ on Larval Anisakid and Raphidascaridid Nematodes","authors":"T. Matsuoka","doi":"10.33696/pharmacol.3.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/pharmacol.3.027","url":null,"abstract":"Seirogan is a well-known Japanese traditional herbal medicine for stomachache or diarrhea due to digestive disorders. In addition, the administration of Seirogan alleviates the severe abdominal pain and other symptoms of gastric anisakiasis [1], a parasitic disease caused by eating raw or undercooked fish or other seafoods that harbor larvae of anisakid nematodes such as Anisakis simplex, A. pegreffii and Pseudoterranova decipiens [2,3]. This disease typically requires hospitalization and in the worst case, can result in perforation of the stomach wall due to the penetration of the organisms. When Anisakis larvae are exposed to Seirogan solution, they quickly become immobile [1]. The medicine’s ability to alleviate abdominal pain due to anisakiasis may be partly related to suppression of the motility of the Anisakis larvae. However, the symptoms of anisakiasis are mainly caused by allergens secreted from the nematodes or substances on the surface of the nematodes [3]. If anisakid nematodes can be killed, not only production and secretion of allergens from the nematodes would halt, but also the nematodes would be disrupted by digestive enzymes in the stomach.","PeriodicalId":8324,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91117677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the Tableting Properties of MCR, a Newly Coprocessed Cellulose-based Direct Compression Excipient","authors":"S. Aly","doi":"10.33696/pharmacol.3.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/pharmacol.3.026","url":null,"abstract":"The current need for strategies to accelerate and optimize the efforts to develop new in-expensive multifunctional direct compression tableting excipients with minimum risk to the products has urged the workers in pharmaceutical industry field to search for a simple and low cost-effective technique to tailor and engineer multi-functional excipients. Developing new pharmaceutically inactive materials serving as excipients, new grades of existing excipients and co-processing of already existing excipients constitute the techniques utilized to develop multifunctional excipients [1-3]. Developing of new tableting excipients is a tedious and time consuming multi-stage process. In addition to that, the regulatory concerns and issues related to safety and toxicity assessment should be strictly followed. The co-processed excipients can be at high cost effective. Therefore, a great deal of attention was directed to co-processing as a means to develop multifunctional excipients [4-7]. This technique has been defined as particle engineering of individual excipients and excipient combinations using co-processing by virtue, of sub-particle modifications [4,5]. The workers in pharmaceutical industry field has accelerated the steps towards developing direct compression tableting excipients of high functionality in terms of flow, compression, good binding, improved lubricating efficiency and improved dilution potential could be developed [5-8]. Co-processed excipients are produced from two or more existing excipients of different chemical nature. Each excipient exerts a special function in formulations as well as in the corresponding tablets. It should be clear in mind that the physico-chemical properties of the co-processed excipient is, to a great extent, affected by the chemical nature of the excipients contributed to co-processing.","PeriodicalId":8324,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79417138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Statins and the Diabetic Kidney","authors":"E. El-Bassiouni, E. Elabd","doi":"10.33696/pharmacol.3.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/pharmacol.3.025","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic diseases that affect people of all ages and races worldwide. Its prevalence is rapidly increasing, making it one of the most significant contributors to healthcare costs [1]. An important clinical feature of diabetes is its association with chronic tissue complications. Treatment in this case aims to either cure or delay the progress of tissue damage and preserve the function of the affected organ.","PeriodicalId":8324,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76537629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>ProLung™-budesonide</i> Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Replication and Reduces Lung Inflammation.","authors":"Kameswari S Konduri,&nbsp;Ram Pattisapu,&nbsp;Jogi Pattisapu,&nbsp;Girija G Konduri,&nbsp;John Zwetchkenbaum,&nbsp;Bidhan Roy,&nbsp;Monalisa Barman,&nbsp;Adria Frazier,&nbsp;Brett L Hurst,&nbsp;Nejat Düzgüneş","doi":"10.33696/pharmacol.3.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/pharmacol.3.028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Inhaled budesonide benefits patients with COVID-19. <i>ProLung™-budesonide</i> enables the sustained, low dose administration of budesonide within a delivery vehicle similar to lung surfactant. <i>ProLung™-budesonide</i> may offer anti-inflammatory and protective effects to the lung in COVID-19, yet it's effect on SARS-CoV-2 replication is unknown.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the efficacy of <i>ProLung™-budesonide</i> against SARS-CoV-2-infection <i>in vitro</i>, evaluate its ability to decrease inflammation, and airway hyperresponsiveness in an animal model of lung inflammation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>SARS-CoV-2-infected Vero 76 cells were treated with <i>ProLung™-budesonide</i> ([0.03-100 µg/ml]) for 3 days, and virus yield in the supernatant was measured. Ovalbumin-sensitized C57BL/6 mice received aerosolized (a) <i>ProLung™-budesonide</i> weekly, (b) only budesonide, either daily or weekly, or (c) weekly empty <i>ProLung™ carrier</i> (without budesonide). All treatment groups were compared to sensitized untreated, or normal mice using histopathologic examination, electron microscopy (EM), airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to Methacholine (Mch) challenge, and eosinophil peroxidase activity (EPO) measurements in bronchioalveolar lavage (BAL).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>ProLung™-budesonide</i> showed significant inhibition of viral replication of SARS-CoV-2-infected cells with the selectivity index (SI) value >24. Weekly <i>ProLung™-budesonide</i> and daily budesonide therapy significantly decreased lung inflammation and EPO in BAL. <i>ProLung™-budesonide</i> localized in type II pneumocytes, and was the only group to significantly decrease AHR, and EPO in BAL with Mch challenge.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong><i>ProLung™-budesonide</i> significantly inhibited viral replication in SARS-CoV-2-infected cells. It localized into type II pneumocytes, decreased lung inflammation, AHR and EPO activity with Mch challenge. This novel drug formulation may offer a potential inhalational treatment for COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":8324,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":"3 2","pages":"52-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8580381/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39614730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 Disease and SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Patients with Cancer.","authors":"Daniel A King, Jeffrey Chi, Shreya Prasad Goyal, M Wasif Saif","doi":"10.33696/pharmacol.3.020","DOIUrl":"10.33696/pharmacol.3.020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8324,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":"3 1","pages":"5-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8336091/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39280744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}