Archives of Medicine and Health Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Barriers and promotion of integrated care in dentistry: A brief communication","authors":"HazielDiana Jenifer, VinitaA Boloor, RajeshRamesh Hosadurga, Sneha Bhat","doi":"10.4103/amhs.amhs_165_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amhs.amhs_165_23","url":null,"abstract":"Health-care delivery system in the modern world is facing major challenges as oral health burden and noncommunicable diseases along with aging population are on the steep rise. Interdisciplinary and Integrated care are now an important component of managing patients with complex and chronic conditions. However, there are several barriers that can impede smooth implementation of this concept. Identifying these barriers is an important step toward resolving the potential problems with delivery of inter disciplinary and integrated care. Personalized care is becoming the norm in current era. This approach requires co-operation among various disciplines and foster a common ground to achieve a holistic approach in the patient-centered treatment approach. The COVID-19 pandemic has compounded the existing problems. It has united the entire health-care fraternity in the fight against this disease. Governments have utilized the services of practitioners from diverse discipline to tackle this pandemic. The interdisciplinary and integrated approach has the potential to redefine the role of dentists in managing global pandemics like COVID-19. The specific objectives of this paper are (1) to understand the barriers for various approaches at the level of education; (2) identify the barriers to the scholarship and grant-related activities to research activities of clinicians across various disciplines; (3) discuss possible solutions that would enable, students, academicians, and clinicians to formulate a collaborative approach; and (4) try and understand the possible role of dentists in managing pandemics like COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":8296,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135006750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative study of picolinic acid levels in patients of severe depression with and without suicidality","authors":"Varchasvi Mudgal, Vijay Savita, VirendraSingh Pal, Koustubh Bagul","doi":"10.4103/amhs.amhs_79_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amhs.amhs_79_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background an Aim: Picolinic acid (PIC) is a metabolite of the kynurenine pathway, which is involved in the degradation of tryptophan, an essential amino acid. PIC has been suggested to have neuroprotective effects by inhibiting the production of quinolinic acid, a neurotoxic agent that can induce inflammation and oxidative stress in the brain. Several studies have reported the altered levels of PIC and other kynurenine metabolites in patients with suicidal behavior, indicating a possible link between PIC and suicide risk. However, the exact role of PIC in the pathophysiology of suicide is not fully understood and requires further investigation. We aim to assess the levels of PIC in patients with severe depression with and without suicidal attempts. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, observation study was conducted at MGM Medical College, Indore. The study consisted of two groups: Group A including patients of depression with suicidal attempt(s) and Group B including patients of depression without any suicidal attempt. After obtaining written informed consent, recruitment of the subjects was done as per strict inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria. Sociodemographic parameters such as age, gender, residence, and marital status were collected along with the clinical parameters such as Hamilton depression rating scale (HAM-D), Suicidal Behavior Questionnaire Revised (SBQ-R) score, and Beck Scale for suicidal ideation (BSSI). Blood samples of both the groups were measured for serum PIC using an auto analyzer. Results: Serum PIC levels were significantly lower (124.33 ± 51.15 ng/L) in the depression with suicidal attempt group than depression without suicide attempt which was 163 ± 41.28 ng/L (P < 0.01). SBQ-R, BSSI score, and number of suicide attempts correlated negatively with serum PIC levels. Conclusion: The depression with suicidal attempt(s) group has shown lower mean serum PIC levels than the depression without suicidal attempt(s) group, which was statistically significant. This indicates serum PIC could be a marker in severe depression.","PeriodicalId":8296,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135006753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of fetal movement count on prenatal attachment among primi- and Multigravida Women","authors":"Precilla D'Silva, Velentina Senapati, ShobaP Xavier","doi":"10.4103/amhs.amhs_291_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amhs.amhs_291_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Fetal Movement counting is an important measure helps in early identification of fetal wellbeing. Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to determine the maternal and fetal attachment among primi and multigravida women and find their association with baseline variables. Materials and Methods: Study was conducted in a selected Hospital of Mangaluru in the antental OPD from february to march 2020. The study included 80 women in the age group of 20-40 years and 32-38 weeks of gestation. Study group was divided as primigravida and multigravida women. Paired and unpaired t test was used to assess the difference between the prenatal attachment score Results: No significant difference observed among primi and multgravida women. Also no association was found with baseline variables. Conclusion: There is no difference with prenatal attachment observed between primigravida and multigravida women which concludes that attachment towards the growing fetus is not dependent on gravida status.","PeriodicalId":8296,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135008123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Jigsaw: A step toward co-operative learning among medical and nursing students","authors":"Vinod Kumar C S, S. Kalasuramath, S. Reddy, R. Reddy","doi":"10.4103/amhs.amhs_1_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amhs.amhs_1_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: To shift the paradigm from passive tutor driven tutorials to more responsible active learning by the students, a co operative teaching learning method could be a good alternative. The Jigsaw approach, a model of co operative learning, focuses on learning in groups with fellow learner co operation and reassures team work. Thus, this study was aimed at assessing the effectiveness of jigsaw strategy in comparison to tutorials in enhancing cognitive skills among the medical students in microbiology. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out at microbiology department for 50 consenting MBBS students of professional year II and 50 consenting B.Sc nursing students of 2nd years. Students were randomly divided into two batches: Aand B of 25 students each. They were prepared for either a jigsaw (Experimental) or tutorial (Control) a week prior on predecided topics. The same groups were crossed over for another topic. Students' performance was assessed by pretest, posttest, academic achievement level, and retention test by prevalidated multiple choice questionnaires. The student perception on TL methods was evaluated by using learning experience questionnaires. Results: Posttest scores of both groups were found to be significant at the level of P < 0.05. Among medical students, mean of posttest scores in the jigsaw is more than tutorial (12.4 v/s 9.7, crossover 13.3 v/s 11.2) and in nursing students (11.7 v/s 8.2, crossover 11.6 v/s 9.9). Mean retention tests scores and absolute achievement level were high in jigsaw groups. The students preferred jigsaw over the tutorial. Conclusion: Jigsaw strategy is a robust instructional tool, well perceived by the students to enhance cognitive skills as inferred by the results and can be tailored to the needs of varied topics across different disciplines.","PeriodicalId":8296,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"25 - 31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43829706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Awareness and use of maternal and child health-care services among people of Dagbadna Karu Local Government of Nasarawa State","authors":"O. Olorunfemi, Maryjane Itula","doi":"10.4103/amhs.amhs_14_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amhs.amhs_14_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Maternal health care services are critical to reducing maternal fatalities and should be available throughout the health system due to their importance in ensuring safe motherhood and the overall well-being of families and communities. The purpose of this research is to ascertain the level of Maternal and Child Health (MCH) awareness and utilization among residents of Nasarrawa State's Dagbadna Karu Local Government Area. Materials and Methods: Purposive sampling was used to determine the sample size (n = 286) for a descriptive cross-sectional study that ran from September 2022 to December 2022. Statistical Package Service Software (SPSS) version 23.0 was used to analyze the data, which included tables, percentages, and Chi-square test statistics at the 0.05 level of significance. Results: With a mean age of 29.6 years, 42% of the participants were between the ages of 33 and 38. In comparison, 255 of the participants (89.5%) were married, while 14 (4.9%) were unmarried. The most common level of education is secondary education, which is held by 111 respondents, or 38.8%. This study found a high level of awareness (196.6, 68.7%) but a low level of utilization of MCH Care Services (137.5, 48.1%). It also demonstrates that participants' knowledge and utilization of maternal and child healthcare services are not significantly related (Chi-square (χ2)= 8.867, df = 1, P = 0.012). Conclusions: The primary goal of MCH Services remains to ensure that every woman maintains optimal health throughout pregnancy and puerperium, with a healthy mother and baby at the end of pregnancy, and to support the child's health throughout infancy and childhood. As a result, this research suggests a strategy for increasing community participation and, ultimately, sustaining and improving the quality, usability, and accessibility of maternal health care services provided by government agencies in both rural and urban areas.","PeriodicalId":8296,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":"242 2","pages":"14 - 18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41330277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contextual importance of leadership and management training in undergraduate medical education: Literature review","authors":"N. Rajeh","doi":"10.4103/amhs.amhs_294_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amhs.amhs_294_22","url":null,"abstract":"Leadership is recently known to be necessary at all levels within an organization, causing it to be extremely important for new graduates to understand what leadership is and to be familiar with different key leadership and management competencies. Leadership is also an integral part of medical practice. However, at present several medical colleges do not have a leadership and management curriculum, and thus, our medical college is not preparing its undergraduates in such skills as effective communication, conflict resolution, and time management. The search terms used were undergraduate medical leadership and management programs, undergraduate medical student leadership development programs, student leadership, and management training, clinical leadership, challenges of leadership and management programs in medical colleges, and skills needed for leadership and management course development. The review has shed light on skills needed for proposing a program on leadership and management for students at medical universities. The review also provided a rich combination of definitions of leadership, challenges to the type of leadership as well as how other medical organizations approach leadership and management. The theories suggest approaching competencies for leadership rather than building on pure theoretical knowledge of leadership. Furthermore, the research suggests differentiating the leadership training for undergraduate students based on how to add value to their career/study progressions, standardization, and organizational contribution. The literature further revealed the different challenges and barriers to developing leadership and management programs in medical colleges.","PeriodicalId":8296,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"148 - 156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46903530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The paris system for urine cytology: A 2 years' experience from Western Indian population","authors":"VaishaliPrashant Gaikwad, NilamMahesh More, LeenaP Naik","doi":"10.4103/amhs.amhs_84_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amhs.amhs_84_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aims: The Paris System (TPS) for Reporting Urine Cytology was introduced to bring uniformity in reporting urine cytology worldwide. The aim of this study is to assess the utility of TPS for Reporting Urine Cytology and correlate it with histopathology. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study, conducted at the cytology section of department of pathology. All the urine cytology samples received over a period of 2 years were retrieved and categorized as per TPS. The frequency of each TPS category along with relative risk for each category was calculated using the histopathological follow-up, wherever available. Results: A total of 200 urine cytology samples from 172 patients were categorized as per TPS. The most common category was negative for high grade urothelial carcinoma (UC) (61.5%; n = 123) followed by unsatisfactory for evaluation (15%; n = 30) and positive for high grade UC (HGUC) (10%; n = 20). There were 13 cases in category of suspicious for HGUC, 11 cases in atypical urothelial cell category, 2 cases in other malignancies, and one case in positive for low-grade UC. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy for diagnosing HGUC on cytology according to TPS were 92.86%, 100%, 100%, 60%, and 85.29%, respectively. Conclusions: TPS has definitely helped us to categorize the urine cytology samples with the objective criteria and thus reducing unnecessary ambiguous diagnoses and ultimately directing the correct management of the patient.","PeriodicalId":8296,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135007902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Coronavirus Disease 2019 lockdown on eating habits and lifestyle behavior","authors":"Sudhir Rao, Vidusha Karavadi, KanumaleePruthvi Ganesh, NaveenSukumaran Nair","doi":"10.4103/amhs.amhs_44_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amhs.amhs_44_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affected the lives of all sections of society, as people were asked to self-quarantine in their homes to prevent the spread of the virus. The confinement and lockdown caused many lifestyle changes for Indian citizens, especially with diet and physical activity. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the effect of COVID-19 lockdown on the dietary pattern and lifestyle behaviors in India. Materials and Methods: An online survey was conducted from July 2021 to September 2021 using a validated semi-structured questionnaire. The “snowball sampling” procedure was used to recruit the participants. The questions focused on changes experienced by the participants in their lifestyle before and during the lockdown. Results: Among the 624 study participants, the mean age was 25.81 ± 9.7 years. Nearly 71.8% (448) reported that their diet and consumption patterns changed during the lockdown. The mean body mass index before the lockdown was 24.11 ± 4.43, and after the lockdown was 23.46 ± 4.51. The change in sleep duration was reported by 494 (79.1%). Conclusion: These unprecedented circumstances provide an opportunity to better understand the negative impact of strict lockdown measures on lifestyles, and at the same time, help identify and initiate positive behavioral changes, which if consolidated, may improve chronic disease outcomes in the long run.","PeriodicalId":8296,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135007903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ear infection in a child due to Kodamaea ohmeri, an emerging pathogen: A rare case report from South India","authors":"VimalKumar Karnaker, AsemAli Ashraf, SreelathaShankaran Veetil, Bhavya Chand, Sanjana Nair, SudhirRama Varma","doi":"10.4103/amhs.amhs_91_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amhs.amhs_91_23","url":null,"abstract":"This is a report of Kodamaea ohmeri isolated from a 2-year-old febrile child with stable vitals. Frank discharge of pus was present. Microbial culture testing revealed the presence of K. ohmeri. Antifungal susceptibility was performed along with intravenous antibiotic administration and antifungal ear drops in view of the discharge.","PeriodicalId":8296,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135008391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy outcomes of tenecteplase versus alteplase in patients with ischemic stroke in therapeutic window: experience from a single institution","authors":"A. Chandra, A. Raina, Maqbool Wani, Hilal Ganie, W. Dar, Arjimand Yaqoob, Ravouf Asimi","doi":"10.4103/amhs.amhs_284_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amhs.amhs_284_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: The World Health Organization estimated that 15 million people throughout the world suffer stroke every year. Only 5%–10% of all acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients presenting to emergency departments (EDs) are eligible for and receive thrombolytic therapy. This study was conducted to assess and compare the efficacy and safety profile of thrombolysis with tenecteplase (TNK) with that of alteplase among patients with AIS who were eligible for thrombolysis. Materials and Methods: This was a hospital-based prospective observational study. All the patients who presented with AIS within the time window period of ≤4.5 h to ED of Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, from September 2018 to March 2021, were screened for eligibility of thrombolysis by TNK. A total of 76 patients were enrolled; among which 42 were thrombolysed with TNK and 34 patients were thrombolysed with alteplase. These data were compared with departmental data of patients thrombolysed by alteplase during July 2015–July 2017. Inclusion and exclusion criteria used in the study were as per the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association guidelines for thrombolysis. Efficacy and safety were assessed and compared of the two drugs. Results: After 24 h of thrombolysis, early neurological improvement occurred in 62% of TNK patients compared to only 35% of patients from alteplase group, which was significant statistically (P < 0.05). An excellent functional outcome, defined as the Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) of 0–1 at 3 months of discharge, was seen in 67.6% of TNK and 48.5% of alteplase group. A poor recovery, defined as the mRS of 4–6 at 3 months of follow-up, was seen in 16% and 21% in TNK and alteplase group patients, respectively. Conclusion: TNK appears to be characterized by a better safety and efficacy profile than alteplase; however, further multicenter studies and randomized controlled trials are required to confirm our preliminary findings.","PeriodicalId":8296,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"3 - 8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44106573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}