Aquatic Ecology最新文献

{"title":"Development and preliminary validation of a household laundering Behaviour questionnaire and framework for estimating potential washing-machine-derived microfibre release through household wastewater pathways: implications for aquatic environments","authors":"Sarva Mangala Praveena,&nbsp;Ahmad Zaharin Aris,&nbsp;Ayu Lana Nafisyah","doi":"10.1007/s10452-026-10374-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10452-026-10374-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Household washing machines release synthetic textile-derived microfibres into wastewater systems. Yet, standardised questionnaires assessing household laundering practices linked to microfibre emissions remain limited. This study developed and preliminarily evaluated a household microfibre emission behaviour questionnaire and proposed a framework for estimating potential washing-machine-derived microfibre release through Malaysian household wastewater pathways. The questionnaire was developed through literature-informed domain identification, expert review, content and face validity assessments, guided by an integrated Knowledge–Attitudes–Practices and Theory of Planned Behaviour framework. Content validity was assessed by 10 experts and face validity by 20 adult public respondents, followed by pilot testing among 43 Malaysian adults. The revised questionnaire comprised 58 items across six domains, plus one laundering-frequency input item. Internal consistency was assessed for 48 knowledge and Likert-scale items, while 10 barriers were analysed descriptively as binary indicators. Content and face validity index values ranged from 0.96 to 0.98. Preliminary internal consistency was acceptable, with a KR-20 value of 0.885 for the knowledge domain and Cronbach’s alpha values ranging from 0.817 to 0.849 across the Likert-scale domains. The proposed equation estimates annual washing-machine-derived microfibre release through laundry-wastewater pathways. It incorporates laundering frequency, household numbers, washing-machine penetration, per-cycle release and sewered, septic and unmanaged wastewater fractions. Other behavioural indicators can refine the framework as empirical coefficients become available. The framework was neither calibrated nor validated and does not estimate environmental transport or confirmed aquatic loading. Together, these components provide a context-specific approach to assessing laundering behaviours and potential microfibre release in Southeast Asia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8262,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Ecology","volume":"60 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149189594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate mediates land-use and within-lake drivers of seston stoichiometry: a large-scale assessment across tropical shallow lakes","authors":"Adriano Soares Mota,&nbsp;Regina Lúcia Guimarães Nobre,&nbsp;Camila Rodrigues Cabral,&nbsp;Leticia Barbosa Quesado,&nbsp;Rafael Dettogni Guariento,&nbsp;André Megali Amado,&nbsp;Luciana Silva Carneiro,&nbsp;Adriano Caliman","doi":"10.1007/s10452-026-10369-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10452-026-10369-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Seston stoichiometry links nutrient availability to the structure and functioning of aquatic food webs, yet how in-lake conditions interact with broader climatic, geomorphological and land-use drivers to shape seston carbon-to-phosphorus (C:P) ratios remains poorly understood in tropical systems. We used regression tree analysis (RTA) to evaluate the relative importance of in-lake, lake–catchment and climate variables in explaining seston C:P variation across 95 shallow lakes and reservoirs spanning a semi-arid-to-humid climatic gradient in northeastern Brazil. The RTA explained nearly half of the variance in seston C:P (49.6%) and revealed a hierarchical structure among predictors. Cumulative precipitation over the two years preceding sampling was the primary split, separating the lower- and higher-precipitation portions of the sampled gradient at 882 mm. Within the higher-precipitation branch, total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) was the only additional predictor, and the highest C:P ratios occurred where TDP was also high. Within the lower-precipitation branch, the partial pressure of CO₂ (<i>p</i>CO₂) and land use further partitioned C:P variation. A complementary Random Forest analysis also ranked precipitation as the strongest global predictor, although overall out-of-bag predictive performance was low. Because bulk seston integrates algal and non-algal particles, these associations cannot be assigned to a single physiological mechanism. Instead, our results show that antecedent hydrological context changes which local and catchment variables are associated with seston stoichiometry, highlighting the importance of integrating climate, landscape and in-lake conditions when predicting freshwater elemental balance under climate and land-use change.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8262,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Ecology","volume":"60 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10452-026-10369-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149189065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From zooplankton surface scums to an unusual brown bloom: observations of a fungal-like phenomenon in a temperate reservoir","authors":"Petr Znachor,&nbsp;Pavel Rychtecký,&nbsp;Caio César Pires de Paula","doi":"10.1007/s10452-026-10367-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10452-026-10367-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Zoosporic parasites and fungal-like microorganisms are important components of planktonic food webs, yet their macroscopically visible manifestations in lakes remain rarely documented. Here, we describe two unusual surface phenomena observed in the Lipno Reservoir, Czechia, during summer 2025. Floating surface scums of <i>Daphnia cucullata</i> carcasses colonized by filamentous fungal-like structures and dark spherical bodies were first recorded in July. Approximately three weeks later, conspicuous brown surface accumulations appeared in the same central part of the reservoir. Light microscopy showed that the brown material was dominated by abundant free-floating spherical to subspherical bodies, typically 30–50 µm in diameter. Although these structures showed resemblance to spherical bodies observed in the earlier <i>Daphnia</i>-associated scums, their direct connection could not be demonstrated. Calcofluor White staining and scanning electron microscopy indicated wall-bearing biological structures, including bodies with rupture-like openings. Cultivation yielded opportunistic fungi, and direct PCR from selected spherical bodies produced inconsistent taxonomic signals, including <i>Pythium</i>, <i>Aureobasidium</i>, and vampyrellid endomyxans. We therefore interpret the July scums as probable zooplankton-associated fungal colonisation or infection, whereas the identity of the August free-floating morphotype remains unresolved. These observations show how microbial and surface-accumulation processes can generate visually striking but taxonomically ambiguous freshwater phenomena.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8262,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Ecology","volume":"60 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149132637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report on the proliferation of the sessile vermetid Dendropoma cf. maximum in Southeast Sulawesi: synergistic impacts of nickel mining sedimentation and destructive fishing on coral reef phase-shifts","authors":"Muhammad Fajar Purnama,&nbsp;Risfandi Risfandi,&nbsp;Sudarno Sudarno,&nbsp;Bahtiar Bahtiar","doi":"10.1007/s10452-026-10363-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10452-026-10363-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Coral reef ecosystems in Pomalaa, Southeast Sulawesi, are subjected to compounding anthropogenic pressures: chronic sedimentation from nickel mining overburden runoff and physical substrate degradation from historical and ongoing blast fishing. This study presents the first report on the localized population proliferation of the sessile vermetid gastropod <i>Dendropoma cf. maximum</i> across these dually disturbed reef matrices and evaluates the environmental correlates associated with this ecological shift. We evaluated benthic community structures and environmental parameters along a spatial disturbance gradient across three discrete sampling zones: High-Impact Zone (HIZ/DRM), Moderate-Impact Zone (MIZ), and Comparative Reference Sites (CRS/RS). Field surveys conducted monthly from October 2025 to February 2026 revealed a severe spatial phase-shift. In the HIZ/DRM, where the Smothering Index reached 3.8 ± 0.2, Total Suspended Solids (TSS) averaged 92.4 ± 15.6 mg/L, and Live Coral Cover collapsed to 4.2 ± 1.8%, <i>D. cf. maximum</i> exhibited high ecological resilience, reaching extraordinary population densities of 212 ± 28 ind/m² and forming massive biogenic crusts. Concurrently, gastropod diversity in this zone dropped drastically to H' = 0.42 ±0.12. Conversely, reference sites (CRS/RS) characterized by minimal sediment stress (Smothering Index: 0.2 ± 0.1; TSS: 6.4 ± 1.2 mg/L) and high structural complexity (Live Coral Cover: 74.8 ± 5.6%) maintained <i>D. cf. maximum</i> at baseline densities of 4 ± 2 ind/m². Multiple linear regression modeling confirmed that <i>D. cf. maximum</i> density strongly correlates with sediment smothering (r = 0.92, p &lt; 0.001) and coral rubble cover (r = 0.89, p &lt; 0.001). Blast fishing may have cleared native benthic competitors, while persistent lateritic overburden sedimentation likely excludes key predators. This synergistic mechanism provides vacant hard substrates that <i>D. cf. maximum</i> opportunistically colonizes via its sediment-tolerant mucus-net feeding strategy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8262,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Ecology","volume":"60 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149132168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trophic responses of macrophyte-associated ichthyofauna to seasonality in a Neotropical river","authors":"Milena Gonçalves-Silva,&nbsp;Daniela Cristina Oliveira Rosa,&nbsp;Marcos Vinícius Teles Gomes,&nbsp;Marcelo Fulgêncio Guedes Brito","doi":"10.1007/s10452-026-10365-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10452-026-10365-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In tropical rivers, aquatic macrophytes constitute complex habitats that mediate predator–prey interactions and support diverse fish assemblages. In the present study, we examined how seasonality influences prey use and the trophic network structure of macrophyte-associated ichthyofauna in the lower São Francisco River, Brazil. Fishes were sampled bimonthly in the wet and dry periods at four independent sites. Stomach contents of adult individuals were analyzed to quantify prey richness, composition, and origin (autochthonous vs. allochthonous). Bipartite networks were constructed to investigate nestedness and modularity. Empirical patterns were compared to null models using Z-scores. No differences were found in prey richness between hydrological periods. Prey composition showed a significant but weak shift between hydrological periods (R² = 0.02), reflecting the dominance of autochthonous resources (algae, detritus, microcrustaceans, and immature insects) supported by aquatic macrophytes. The predator–prey network was predominantly nested in the wet period, indicating hierarchical interactions mediated by generalist species, whereas no clear pattern of nestedness or modularity was found in the dry period compared to null expectations. These results highlight the central role of macrophytes in ensuring prey availability and stabilizing trophic networks, even under hydrological fluctuations. Despite this apparent stability, low allochthonous input and increasing human impact make these networks functionally vulnerable to change. Therefore, protecting riparian vegetation and mitigating anthropogenic stressors are critical for maintaining trophic complexity and resilience in tropical river ecosystems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8262,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Ecology","volume":"60 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10452-026-10365-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149132172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Context-dependent movement or methodological artefact in freshwater ecosystems? Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) movement dampens under flow regulation but expands in urbanised freshwater environments","authors":"Breony Webb,&nbsp;Michelle Ryan,&nbsp;John Hunt,&nbsp;Jessica L. Thomas","doi":"10.1007/s10452-026-10361-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10452-026-10361-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Understanding how freshwater species move through changing environments is critical for conservation, yet movement in riverine systems is shaped by interacting hydrological, landscape and biological processes that are difficult to disentangle across studies. For semi-aquatic species, these challenges are compounded by methodological differences and limitations in tracking approaches, sampling duration and study design, which can obscure ecological patterns and limit inference across environmental contexts. Using the platypus (<i>Ornithorhynchus anatinus</i>) as a model semi-aquatic mammal, we synthesised 530 movement records from 17 studies (1971–2024) using a bias-aware modelling framework to examine how demography, land use, flow regulation and season shape movement while accounting for methodological variation. Land-use differences were pronounced in unregulated systems, with the largest home ranges occurring in urban systems. Differences were comparatively weak in regulated rivers. Males consistently exhibited larger home ranges and greater daily movement distances than females, while juvenile movement varied seasonally. Study duration varied systematically across methods and environmental contexts and weakly influenced cumulative movement metrics. These findings demonstrate that movement responses in freshwater systems emerge from interactions among hydrology, landscape context and species biology and may differ from the widespread movement reductions reported for terrestrial mammals in human-modified landscapes. Freshwater conservation will require movement monitoring that spans environmental gradients, flow regimes, seasons and life stages, while explicitly accounting for methodological variation. Integrating ecological and methodological perspectives in this way can improve our ability to distinguish biological responses to environmental change from sampling effects and establish robust movement benchmarks for increasingly modified freshwater ecosystems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8262,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Ecology","volume":"60 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10452-026-10361-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149132167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological reorganisation of a central Indian reservoir by invasive aquatic macrophytes, with a checklist of the aquatic flora of the Satpura Reservoir","authors":"Mohammad Nadim,&nbsp;P. V. Jyothi,&nbsp;P. H. Anvar Ali","doi":"10.1007/s10452-026-10364-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10452-026-10364-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Satpura Reservoir, a 1,012 ha impoundment on the Tawa River in central India, was surveyed monthly from April 2020 to March 2021 to provide the first comprehensive inventory of its aquatic macrophytes and to assess the extent of aquatic weed invasion. Twenty-four species (three classes, ten orders, twenty genera) were recorded across 21 sites in four hydrological zones (fluvial, transitional, lacustrine, spill), with emergent (41.7%) and submerged (20.8%) growth forms predominating and Hydrocharitaceae – the most species-rich family. Three exotic species — <i>Salvinia molesta, Pontederia crassipes</i> and <i>Ipomoea carnea</i> — dominated the flora, contributing the highest Importance Value Indices (43.31, 21.68 and 28.16, respectively) and 45.57% of among-zone community dissimilarity (SIMPER). Species richness did not differ significantly among zones, but Shannon diversity and Pielou’s evenness did, indicating that zonation acted by reorganising relative abundance rather than by excluding species; NMDS, PERMANOVA (<i>R</i>^<i>2</i> = 0.388, <i>p</i> = 0.001) and ANOSIM (<i>R</i> = 0.482, <i>p</i> = 0.001) confirmed significant compositional differentiation. Invasive taxa exceeded half of total macrophyte abundance in every zone, peaking proportionally in the transitional zone (83.9%) but reaching the highest area-standardised pressure in the spill zone. These infestations impair fishing, navigation and thermal-power plant operations and threaten reservoir biodiversity. The results establish a baseline for monitoring and argue for a zone-prioritised, multi-method invasive-species management plan.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8262,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Ecology","volume":"60 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149132092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anthropogenic disturbance drives compositional and structural shifts in cerrado stream fish assemblages","authors":"Rosalva Sulzbacher,&nbsp;Naraiana Loureiro Benone,&nbsp;Gilberto Nepomuceno Salvador,&nbsp;Carlos Bernardo Mascarenhas Alves,&nbsp;Paulo Sérgio Formagio,&nbsp;Paulo Santos Pompeu","doi":"10.1007/s10452-026-10360-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10452-026-10360-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Currently, one of the main threats to freshwater ecosystems is the conversion of natural areas into croplands, pastures, and urban landscapes. Therefore, understanding how fish assemblages respond to gradients of land use related anthropogenic disturbance is essential. This study aimed to assess shifts in species composition and structure across a stream disturbance gradient, and to examine the association of rare and non-native species with each disturbance level. We evaluated 40 tributary streams of the Upper Grande River (Paraná Basin), ranked according to the Integrated Disturbance Index (IDI), which was calculated based on human modifications on multiple scales. Species composition and structure differed between least and most disturbed streams, with no significant differences involving intermediate streams. Rare and native species prevailed in least disturbed sites, whereas tolerant and non-native species were indicators of most disturbed ones. Our findings demonstrate that stream fish assemblages are sensitive to disturbance intensity. Least-disturbed streams may serve as sources for recolonization if impacts are mitigated and connectivity restored, providing baselines for ecological assessments in highly modified landscapes lacking pristine conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8262,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Ecology","volume":"60 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10452-026-10360-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149132091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic effects of predation and parasitism on competition between edible and inedible phytoplankton","authors":"Minoru Kasada,&nbsp;Patch Thongthaisong,&nbsp;Sabine Wollrab,&nbsp;Silke Van den Wyngaert,&nbsp;Christine Kiel,&nbsp;Stella A. Berger,&nbsp;Hans-Peter Grossart","doi":"10.1007/s10452-026-10356-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10452-026-10356-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Predation and parasitism are trophic interactions that strongly influence food web structure and community composition. It is well known that both, predation as well as parasitism influence competition within prey/host communities. Many studies focus on only a single type of trophic interaction, however, in natural systems both are co-occurring and strongly interlinked. While impacts of predation/parasitism on the competitive abilities of prey/host species have been extensively studied, the combined effects of parasitism and predation remain still poorly understood. Here, we address this crucial research gap by examining experimental plankton communities in which parasitism and predation simultaneously impact competitive interactions among host and non-host species. We constructed an experimental plankton food web consisting of two competing phytoplankton species, a zooplankton grazer, and a parasitic aquatic fungus (chytrid). We experimentally assessed the single and combined effects of predation and parasitism on competition between edible non-host and inedible host phytoplankton for the shared nutrient pool via their impact on phytoplankton dynamics. In isolation, chytrid infection increased, while zooplankton predation decreased the relative abundance of edible to total phytoplankton. In combination, however, the relative abundance of edible phytoplankton was lower than predicted from the individual effects of zooplankton predation and chytrid parasitism, respectively, suggesting a synergistic effect. This was verified by comparing experimental results to model simulations. While such a synergistic effect had been theoretically predicted, to our knowledge, this is the first experimental study that demonstrates this effect. To improve our understanding on community dynamics, future studies should address the complexity of interaction types in more detail and help to assess the presence of synergistic/antagonistic effects in combination.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8262,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Ecology","volume":"60 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10452-026-10356-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149132466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological risk of the pesticide imiprothrin and microplastics separately and combined on demography of cladocerans (Cladocera)","authors":"S. S. S. Sarma,&nbsp;José Antonio Hernández-Lucero,&nbsp;Alma Socorro Sobrino-Figueroa,&nbsp;S. Nandini","doi":"10.1007/s10452-026-10359-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10452-026-10359-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We tested different concentrations of the synthetic pyrethroid (imiprothrin) (IP) and microplastics (MPs) (alone and combined) on the demography and population growth of two cladoceran species (<i>Ceriodaphnia dubia</i> and <i>Simocephalus vetulus</i>). The two test concentrations of IP for <i>C. dubia</i> were 0.0248 and 0.0496 mg/L, while for <i>S. vetulus</i> these were 0.0307 and 0.0614 mg/L. We used one concentration of microplastics (MPs) (20 mg/L for <i>C. dubia</i> and 40 mg/L for <i>S. vetulus</i>)<i>.</i> Our data from life table demography experiments showed that when exposed to higher concentrations of IP + MPs, the average lifespans of <i>C. dubia</i> and <i>S. vetulus</i> were reduced by more than 40% as compared to controls. Both the cladoceran species when exposed to the mixture of pollutants, the reproductive variables (gross reproductive rate, net reproductive rate and the rate of population increase per day) were significantly lower as compared to controls. From the population growth study of <i>C. dubia</i>, we recorded significantly higher peak abundances at a lower concentration (0.0248 mg/L) of pesticide. For <i>S. vetulus</i> both the concentrations of IP resulted in decreased peak densities. For the cladoceran species the combined pesticide + MPs treatment had a far greater adverse effect (53–65% lower) on the population growth.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8262,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Ecology","volume":"60 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10452-026-10359-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149034670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}