{"title":"Burden of cervical cancer and role of screening in India.","authors":"Saurabh Bobdey, Jignasa Sathwara, Aanchal Jain, Ganesh Balasubramaniam","doi":"10.4103/0971-5851.195751","DOIUrl":"10.4103/0971-5851.195751","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cervical cancer is a major cause of cancer mortality in women and more than a quarter of its global burden is contributed by developing countries. In India, in spite of alarmingly high figures, there is no nationwide government-sponsored screening program. This study was conducted to assess the burden of cervical cancer in India and review the performance characteristics of available cervical cancer screening tools, so as to provide evidence-based recommendations for application of most practically suited screening test to be used in resource-poor field settings.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>MEDLINE and Web of Science electronic database were searched from January 1990 to December 2015, using the keywords such as \"cervical cancer\", \"screening\", \"early detection\", \"cervical cytology\" and \"visual inspection\", and their corresponding MeSH terms in combination with Boolean operators \"OR, AND.\" Two authors independently selected studies that are published in English and conducted in India. A total of 11 studies were found to be relevant and eligible to be included in the present study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In India, cervical cancer contributes to approximately 6-29% of all cancers in women. The age-adjusted incidence rate of cervical cancer varies widely among registries; highest is 23.07/100,000 in Mizoram state and the lowest is 4.91/100,000 in Dibrugarh district. The pooled estimates of sensitivity and specificity of visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA), magnified VIA, visual inspection with Lugol's iodine (VILI), cytology (Pap smear), and human papillomavirus DNA were found to be 67.65% and 84.32%, 65.36% and 85.76%, 78.27% and 87.10%, 62.11% and 93.51%, and 77.81% and 91.54%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In developing countries because of lack of necessary infrastructure and quality control, high-quality cytology screening may not be feasible for wide-scale implementation. Hence, cervical cancer screening program based on visual screening test such as VIA/VILI should be adopted as an integral part of primary health-care setup in resource-poor countries like India.</p>","PeriodicalId":82473,"journal":{"name":"Research management","volume":"23 1","pages":"278-285"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5234166/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80913353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The IRI Medalist's Address: R&D Leadership: The Long-Term/Short-Term Tradeoffs","authors":"I. M. Ross","doi":"10.1080/00345334.1987.11757071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00345334.1987.11757071","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":82473,"journal":{"name":"Research management","volume":"30 1","pages":"36-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00345334.1987.11757071","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58904681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Quality in R&D: Measuring and Improving Laboratory Productivity/Quality","authors":"L. C. Krogh","doi":"10.1080/00345334.1987.11757068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00345334.1987.11757068","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":82473,"journal":{"name":"Research management","volume":"30 1","pages":"22-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00345334.1987.11757068","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58905104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Quality in R&D: Meeting the New Quality Challenge","authors":"T. J. Murray","doi":"10.1080/00345334.1987.11757069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00345334.1987.11757069","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":82473,"journal":{"name":"Research management","volume":"30 1","pages":"25-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00345334.1987.11757069","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58905120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Commercializing Technology Through New Business Incubators","authors":"R. Smilor","doi":"10.1080/00345334.1987.11757061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00345334.1987.11757061","url":null,"abstract":"Considers the new business incubator as a means of leveraging resources to develop new companies. The new business incubator - otherwise known as the innovation center, among other names - has been evolving since the late 1970s to give new firms, especially high-technology and manufacturing firms, structure and credibility. As a company's innovative management system, the incubator's director, board of directors, advisory council, and consultant network provide knowledge and enthusiasm, improved efficiency, and the perception of success, among other things. These resources, and more specific assistance related to facilities support, administrative assistance and business expertise, give the company a competitive edge. A national survey of new business incubators was administered in July-August of 1985, followed up by onsite analysis and in-depth interviews with incubator managers and directors in the United States. According to the data from the 50 respondents, management and marketing are the two most important functions of incubators. Firms that participate in an incubator are almost twice as likely to succeed than fail. Four incubator models are discussed: university-related, private, community, and corporate/franchise. At the time of the survey, approximately 170 incubators have been established in the U.S., with more under development in countries such as Japan, China, France, England and Germany. Conclusions show that while the incubator concept is still in the experimental stages, its usefulness in leveraging resources, encouraging development, and promoting cross-institutional networking will ensure its continued growth. (CJC)","PeriodicalId":82473,"journal":{"name":"Research management","volume":"30 1","pages":"36-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00345334.1987.11757061","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58905031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"One Point of View: Initiative Must Come from Industry","authors":"T. Altan","doi":"10.1080/00345334.1987.11757054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00345334.1987.11757054","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":82473,"journal":{"name":"Research management","volume":"30 1","pages":"6-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00345334.1987.11757054","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58904888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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