Polish American studies最新文献

{"title":"Editorial Note","authors":"Anna D. Jaroszyńska-Kirchmann","doi":"10.5406/23300833.80.2.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/23300833.80.2.01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":82333,"journal":{"name":"Polish American studies","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139330194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Footprints of Polonia</i>: Ready for the Road Trips","authors":"Theodore L. Zawistowski","doi":"10.5406/23300833.80.2.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/23300833.80.2.07","url":null,"abstract":"Picking up this book and thumbing through its pages, one's first impression is its vibrant colors and numerous photographs. The temptation is to stop at any page and just start reading. The numerous entries are brief, primarily only a paragraph, but full of clearly written and interesting facts about Polish historic sites all over North America.As noted in editor Ewa Barczyk's preface, it became evident to the Polish American Historical Association (PAHA) that an update to the Polish Heritage Travel Guide to the U.S.A. (1992) had become due. Many historic Polish communities have changed and new ones have come about. Whereas the previous edition included monuments, churches, cemeteries, museums, community centers, and other physical sites in twenty-six states, this edition has expanded to forty-seven states, the District of Columbia, eight Canadian provinces, Mexico, and the Caribbean. Nevertheless, it still is not fully comprehensive because that would take a large encyclopedia. Selections had to be made. For example, there are hundreds of Polish churches worthy of note.Listed on a contributors page are 200 volunteers from Polish organizations who helped identify important sites and write informative summaries plus dozens of organizations that provided historic photographs. Also acknowledged are several readers, rewriters, photographers and editors. Many entries have been limited to approximately 200 words.Other introductory pieces include a preface by the president of PAHA, Neil Pease, the prologue to the first edition by Stanislaus A. Blejwas, and a prologue to the second edition by Anna. D. Jaroszyńska-Kirchmann. Both provide historical overviews of the rise and development of Polonia, the Polish community in America.States and provinces are presented in alphabetical order, as are the communities within them that have Polish-related sites, some created by Polish immigrants or their descendants, others by public recognition of the contributions of famous Poles to American freedom. Most obvious among the latter are Thaddeus (Tadeusz) Kosciuszko and Casimir (Kazimierz) Pulaski for their roles in the Revolutionary War for American Independence. Examples include Pulaski counties in several states. Other personages, not surprisingly, include Pope John Paul II, Paderewski, and Copernicus.Some sites are not particularly Polish in themselves but are famous works by Polish or Polish-American artists, architects, engineers, or sculptors. Mieczyslaw Bekker designed the Lunar Roving Vehicle, the “moon buggy” (Washington, DC). Jerzy Szeptycki designed over twenty-five churches in California in addition to the Shrine of Our Lady of Czestochowa in Doyleston, Pennsylvania. Jan de Rosen created murals and altar panels in Grace Cathedral (Episcopal) in San Francisco and in the Washington National Cathedral (Episcopal) in Washington, DC, as well as mosaics in the Cathedral of St. Matthew the Apostle (Roman Catholic), likewise in Washington. Ralph Modjeski, son of","PeriodicalId":82333,"journal":{"name":"Polish American studies","volume":"130 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135706989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Jump Shooting to a Higher Degree: My Basketball OdysseyKentomania: A Black Basketball Virtuoso in Communist Poland","authors":"Neal Pease","doi":"10.5406/23300833.80.2.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/23300833.80.2.12","url":null,"abstract":"Since its invention in a YMCA gymnasium in Springfield, Massachusetts, in 1891, the game of basketball has spread throughout the world, and surely qualifies as one of the leading cultural exports of the United States, right up there with popular music and Hollywood movies, and that has included the supply of surplus American hoops talent from the homeland of the sport to teams and leagues abroad. Of the memoirs of athletes there is no end, and most of them follow a tired pattern of the same old, same old: of challenges met, obstacles overcome, laurels won, and so on. But both books considered here offer a novel and unlikely twist on the genre, relating the experiences of two Americans who played basketball in Communist Poland, of all places, and elsewhere in Europe, during the later stages of the Cold War. They are very alike in some ways, very different in others; each in its own way is instructive and entertaining.Not many basketball fans will recognize the name Kent Washington, but for my money, he has a story to tell that ranks among the most interesting in the history of his sport. A Black kid from New Rochelle, New York, he played guard well enough for nearby Southampton College in the mid-1970s to get an audition with the famed Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association, but like many another good player, could not clear the almost impossibly high bar to play pro ball Stateside at the highest level. But Washington had a backup plan that would change his life and electrify the humdrum sporting scene of the PRL. In 1976, his Southampton squad had made a tour of exhibition games in Poland, and his play so impressed the coach of KS Start Lublin, a team in the highest Polish professional league, that he offered the American a contract to play for pay in the country that knew the game as koszykówka. After completing his eligibility at Southampton, Washington flew off to Poland in January 1979 to join Start Lublin, becoming the first American to play pro basketball behind the Iron Curtain.Kent Washington took the staid world of Polish basketball by storm. Small by hoops standards but quick, he could score, sure enough, but his forte was ballhandling, passing, and floor generalship of his teammates in a way that many would consider flashy, but that he prefers to call imaginative—a creative, exuberant style of play commonly associated with African Americans, but that Poles had never seen before. Washington soon discovered that the faster pace of the European brand of basketball, built around swift ball movement, was made to order for his strengths. Polish fans broke attendance records, queuing up to see the American ringer work his wizardry on the hardwood, and became swept up in the titular Kentomania of his book, chanting “Wash-ing-ton” from the seats in the arenas. And his exploits produced results, not just entertainment: in four-plus seasons, split between Start Lublin and Zagłębie Sosnowiec, he averaged 19 points per game, was ","PeriodicalId":82333,"journal":{"name":"Polish American studies","volume":"133 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135706994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polish Americans and the Writing of Public History","authors":"Gavin Moulton","doi":"10.5406/23300833.80.2.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/23300833.80.2.08","url":null,"abstract":"Over a century before the publication of Footprints of Polonia, the first chronicler of Polish America, Rev. Wacław Kruszka, proclaimed the writing of community history a “collective endeavor.”1 Aiming to commit oral history to paper, Kruszka conducted interviews and mailed letters across the country to solicit statistics and descriptions of each Polish settlement in 1899. Collectively writing a community history ensured that “future generations” would remember the immigrant struggle. Without a history of their own, early Polish Americans feared their children “will not even know the hardships their fathers were subjected to, what dangers they had to overcome, [and] how bloody sweat drenched their brows.”2 The result was not the product of a single author. Untold numbers of Polish Americans shaped Kruszka's thirteen-volume A History of the Poles in America to 1908. As assistant to the editor of Footprints of Polonia, I learned about Kruszka's communal method of writing and promoting public history. It provided a model and revealed Polonia's deeply rooted commitment to the collective writing of public history. This essay reconstructs Kruszka's exhortation to produce a public history of Polonia that is both collective and critical, one that reflects on the tensions and practical difficulties impeding that goal.Like Kruszka's work, Footprints is also the product of a dialogue between formal writers of history and the Polish American community. Academics, like me, edited and supplemented information submitted by hundreds of community members. Relying on community input produced varying levels of information. For some locations, such as Texas and Maryland, community members furnished a wealth of information, while in others, especially where there was demographic decline or few volunteers, the editorial team chipped in to add balance. Focusing on architecture and buildings, rather than the history of settlement, community members and academics cocreated a new archive of Polonia's rapidly transforming built environment. The recent closure and consolidation of churches, including historically and architecturally noteworthy ones like St. Adalbert and St. Michael the Archangel in Chicago, heightens the value of the guide and invites even greater documentation of individual monuments.Kruszka insisted that public history critically interrogate the past. Envisioning a work that would go beyond “beautiful memories,” Kruszka wanted the Historya to illumine a “dearly-obtained storehouse of painful experiences, as well as conscious and unconscious mistakes.”3 Although the enormity of Kruszka's task demands more than a guidebook can provide, especially one with limited funding, I believe Footprints reveals a new commitment to shared discussion of controversy, conflict, and suffering. Labor sites such as the Rolling Mill Mine Explosion Monument and “Solidarity Rock,” commemorating the Lattimer Massacre, document the “bloody sweat” of Polish workers. Inclusion of m","PeriodicalId":82333,"journal":{"name":"Polish American studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135707227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transit Experiences","authors":"Tobias Brinkmann","doi":"10.5406/23300833.80.2.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/23300833.80.2.02","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Between the 1870s and 1914, millions of Eastern Europeans moved to the United States. Little is known about the actual journeys of Polish, Jewish, and other migrants. A closer look at the experiences of transmigrants reveals a sophisticated system that was managed by Germany's two largest steamship lines, the Hamburg-America Line and the Bremen-based North German Lloyd. In the early 1880s, the United States shifted to a more thorough screening of arriving migrants, refusing admission to a growing number of “undesirables.” In 1885, Germany's largest state, Prussia, implemented a restrictive immigration policy, much earlier than other states in and beyond Europe. The steamship lines convinced the Prussian state not to prevent migrants from Eastern Europe from crossing its territory. Before 1914, migrant aid associations also established a good accord with different state agencies in Europe and North America. They intervened on behalf of migrants who had been detained, often successfully. State officials embraced non-state actors because they solved protracted problems and relieved states of a financial burden. The article examines the origins of the privately handled transmigration system in Imperial Germany and raises the question whether it was beneficial for average migrants.","PeriodicalId":82333,"journal":{"name":"Polish American studies","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135708098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Cracow to Polish Town: The History of a Polish Enclave in the Weir Creek Ministerial District, New Kent County, Virginia","authors":"John M. Grondelski","doi":"10.5406/23300833.80.2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/23300833.80.2.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":82333,"journal":{"name":"Polish American studies","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135707697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polacy w Chicago: Doświadczenie imigranta. integracja, izolacja, asymilacja","authors":"Michał J. Wilczewski","doi":"10.5406/23300833.80.2.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/23300833.80.2.09","url":null,"abstract":"Polacy w Chicago: Doświadczenia imigranta. Integracja, izolacja, asymylacja is the result of an international conference of the same name held in Warsaw in 2018. Under the editorship of renowned historian of Polish immigration Adam Walaszek, the volume brings together an international and interdisciplinary group of scholars seeking to answer one question: “What were/are the experiences of people of Polish descent in the [city of Chicago]?” (p. 8). In answering this question, these scholars focus on issues related to everyday life in Chicago's Polish communities from the earliest moments of Polish migration in the 1830s to the present day. Topics range from relationships between immigrants and the Catholic Church to juvenile delinquency and living conditions in immigrant communities to Polish record labels and Saturday schools. Though the volume addresses the Polish American community in general terms, it is careful not to see Polonia in Chicago as a monolith but instead as a dynamic and vibrant community full of sometimes divergent opinions, political sympathies, and even senses of Polishness. Polacy w Chicago is a welcome contribution to our understanding of the development of ethnic communities in Chicago and in the United States.In fourteen chapters and one addendum, the book focuses on the various facets of Polish life in Chicago. Many of the chapters are microhistorical in their scope, but this focused approach helps reveal a more nuanced understanding of the daily trials and tribulations Polish immigrants to Chicago faced over time. After a brief introduction written by Adam Walaszek, the book begins with a chapter on the relationship between Polish immigrants and the Roman Catholic Church in Chicago. Here, Marcin Borys offers a biographical sketch of the sixteen historically Polish parishes that helped shaped the Polish diasporic community in the city. As Borys argues, the churches were not only useful for helping organize the Polish community geographically, but they also played an important role in the social and cultural life of immigrants. These churches became the social backbone of much of the Polish American population and were central to community building for newly arrived immigrants. Taking new arrivals under their wing, this network of churches helped soften the undeniable culture shock immigrants faced by recreating familiar structures in the diaspora. In the end, Borys reveals the dynamic relationship between parishioners and their new religious community.While Borys focuses on the religious character of Polish Chicago, Krzysztof Wasilewski considers Polish Americans’ relationship with labor and their own class consciousness. In his chapter, he focuses on the Dziennik Chicagoski's (a leading Polish American newspaper at the turn of the century) treatment of the 1894 Pullman Strike, one of the most consequential labor strikes in American history. Wasilewski argues that like other leading American newspapers, the Dziennik Chicag","PeriodicalId":82333,"journal":{"name":"Polish American studies","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135708102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Polish Heritage Library and Archives in Panna Maria, Texas","authors":"Lauren Robinson","doi":"10.5406/23300833.80.1.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/23300833.80.1.07","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":82333,"journal":{"name":"Polish American studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46079976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Polish American Historical Association Continues its Mission: Somethings Old, Somethings New","authors":"Neal Pease","doi":"10.5406/23300833.80.1.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/23300833.80.1.04","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":82333,"journal":{"name":"Polish American studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41514196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transatlantyckie trendy migracyjne na przestrzeni stulecia. Studium przypadku wychodźstwa z powiatu strzyżowskiego","authors":"Magdalena Blackmore","doi":"10.5406/23300833.80.1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/23300833.80.1.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":82333,"journal":{"name":"Polish American studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43232455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}