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Euro-American Esoteric Readings of East Asia: Introductory Remarks 欧美人对东亚的神秘主义解读：导言
Numen Pub Date : 2023-12-12 DOI: 10.1163/15685276-20231711
Lukas K. Pokorny, Franz Winter
{"title":"Euro-American Esoteric Readings of East Asia: Introductory Remarks","authors":"Lukas K. Pokorny, Franz Winter","doi":"10.1163/15685276-20231711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685276-20231711","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article introduces the special issue “Euro-American Esoteric Readings of East Asia.” First, the genesis of the special issue is explained, after which working definitions of the key terminology are given, namely, “East Asia,” “Euro-American,” “Western,” and “esotericism.” Next, the rationale of the special issue as well as short synopses of its five contributions are presented. The article argues that esoteric readings of things East Asia have saliently coshaped their Western reception history.","PeriodicalId":82210,"journal":{"name":"Numen","volume":"45 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139008090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Introducing “the Heavenly Empire of China” (le Céleste Empire de la Chine) 介绍 "中华天朝帝国"（le Céleste Empire de la Chine）
Numen Pub Date : 2023-12-12 DOI: 10.1163/15685276-20231714
Franz Winter
{"title":"Introducing “the Heavenly Empire of China” (le Céleste Empire de la Chine)","authors":"Franz Winter","doi":"10.1163/15685276-20231714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685276-20231714","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Joseph Alexandre Saint-Yves d’Alveydre (1842–1909) is an eminent figure in the history of French esotericism who introduced a specific view on the history of humankind that evolves around various cycles of civilizations and their supposed remains in important cultural and religious traditions of the world. Although India obviously plays the most important role, a thorough study of his interest in China and its heritage clearly shows that in some points he even favors the latter. The present study aims at contextualizing his take on China in the longer reception history of East Asia in the European context.","PeriodicalId":82210,"journal":{"name":"Numen","volume":"40 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139008774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Esotericism between Europe and East Asia: How the “Esoteric Distinction” Became a Structure in Cross-Cultural Interpretation 欧洲与东亚之间的神秘主义："神秘主义的区别 "如何成为跨文化阐释的一种结构
Numen Pub Date : 2023-12-12 DOI: 10.1163/15685276-20231712
Julian Strube
{"title":"Esotericism between Europe and East Asia: How the “Esoteric Distinction” Became a Structure in Cross-Cultural Interpretation","authors":"Julian Strube","doi":"10.1163/15685276-20231712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685276-20231712","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Different understandings of “esoteric” are the main subject and the demarcation line of several fields of study. However, the history of this term is either neglected or distorted by specific historiographical paradigms. Tracing European writings on China and Japan from the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries, this article demonstrates that “esoteric” language was central to scholarship on Asia, shaping common terms that remain in use today. By showing how the emergence and development of an “esoteric distinction” between teachings and practices was linked to cross-cultural interpretation and translingual practices, the article argues that this distinction was not a mere projection of European concepts, but rather the result of cultural exchanges that need to be carefully studied on a case-by-case basis within their concrete historical contexts. To better understand the negotiations of what many today would call “esotericism,” a decentered historiography is needed that considers the global history of general terms.","PeriodicalId":82210,"journal":{"name":"Numen","volume":"17 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139007933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Ascended Confucius: Images of the Chinese Master in the Euro-American Esoteric Discourse 升天的孔子：欧美神秘主义话语中的中国大师形象
Numen Pub Date : 2023-12-12 DOI: 10.1163/15685276-20231713
Lukas K. Pokorny
{"title":"The Ascended Confucius: Images of the Chinese Master in the Euro-American Esoteric Discourse","authors":"Lukas K. Pokorny","doi":"10.1163/15685276-20231713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685276-20231713","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article provides a diachronic panorama of the nineteenth- and twentieth-century Euro-American esoteric images of Confucius. After selected appraisals capturing the polyphony of nineteenth-century notions of Confucius, emphasis is given to spiritualist and Theosophical appropriations. Next, his soteriological elevation and the introduction of fellow Chinese Masters within the Ascended Masters context are explored in relation to the I AM Activity and, specifically, the post-Second World War groups The Bridge to Freedom (present-day The Bridge to Spiritual Freedom) and The Church Universal and Triumphant. Overall, this article traces the transformation of the esoteric Confucius trope, which substantially contributed to the wider public perception of Confucius and Confucianism.","PeriodicalId":82210,"journal":{"name":"Numen","volume":"16 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139009505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Albert de Pouvourville’s Occultisme Colonial 阿尔贝-德-普沃维尔的殖民神秘主义
Numen Pub Date : 2023-12-12 DOI: 10.1163/15685276-20231715
D. Marino
{"title":"Albert de Pouvourville’s Occultisme Colonial","authors":"D. Marino","doi":"10.1163/15685276-20231715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685276-20231715","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Albert de Pouvourville (1862–1939), better known by his nom de plume Matgioi, was one of the most noticeable characters of the nineteenth-century French occult milieu. In addition to his prominence in fin-de-siècle occult Paris, de Pouvourville also served as a soldier in Indochina, and after the end of his military career he continued to play an important role in French colonialism. This article aims to describe both de Pouvourville’s occultist and colonialist production and argues that they should be understood as two parts of a coherent intellectual trajectory, characterized by two fundamental elements of de Pouvourville’s worldview: “elitism” and “colonial Darwinism.” From gender and race to initiation and opium consumption, de Pouvourville’s “discourse on the Far East” is a form of “colonial occultism”: a peculiar mix of imperialist hegemonic aspirations and spiritual thirst for “the wisdom of the East.”","PeriodicalId":82210,"journal":{"name":"Numen","volume":"9 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138977121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
“If the Kingdom be Ruled According to the Tao”: Politics as “Eastern Wisdom” in Aleister Crowley’s Reception of the Daodejing "道法自然"：阿莱斯特-克劳利接受《道德经》时将政治视为 "东方智慧"
Numen Pub Date : 2023-12-12 DOI: 10.1163/15685276-20231716
Johan Nilsson
{"title":"“If the Kingdom be Ruled According to the Tao”: Politics as “Eastern Wisdom” in Aleister Crowley’s Reception of the Daodejing","authors":"Johan Nilsson","doi":"10.1163/15685276-20231716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685276-20231716","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The fascination with the “Eastern Wisdom” exhibited among esoteric movements in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century is often understood as an interest in spirituality. Existing research has focused on how these movements took an interest in beliefs in doctrines like karma and reincarnation, as well as in practices of meditation and divination. Although this characterization is broadly correct, it is not the whole picture. This article explores a case where “Eastern Wisdom” was instead conceived in a way that explicitly included politics: Aleister Crowley’s interpretation of the instructions for government given in the Daodejing. During the early twentieth century the Daodejing was the focus of broad interest by sinologists, artists, and esoteric writers alike, among them Crowley. Although intensely engaged in divination and esoteric ritual practices, Crowley was also a utopian political thinker who wanted to see radical societal reform in line with his religious and political ideals. The article explores Crowley’s interpretation of the political aspects of the Daodejing and how he strove to interpret them in light of his own religious beliefs. It suggests that, far from being exclusively private and individualistic, the esoteric understanding of “Eastern Wisdom” could include elements like political theory and utopian thinking.","PeriodicalId":82210,"journal":{"name":"Numen","volume":"38 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139008815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Origins of Mircea Eliade’s Transconscious and the Vicissitudes of the Religious Faculty 米尔恰·伊利亚德的超意识起源与宗教界的变迁
Numen Pub Date : 2023-05-31 DOI: 10.1163/15685276-20231699
Matei Iagher
{"title":"The Origins of Mircea Eliade’s Transconscious and the Vicissitudes of the Religious Faculty","authors":"Matei Iagher","doi":"10.1163/15685276-20231699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685276-20231699","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article examines the genealogy of the concept of “transconscious,” a key notion in the work of Mircea Eliade. It argues that the “transconscious” is the inheritor of a long psychological tradition in the study of religion, namely that of the religious faculty. The first section looks at the religious faculty in the work of Max Müller and some of his German post-Kantian precursors, namely, Friedrich Jacobi and Jakob Fries. The subsequent sections examine the history of terms such as “super-conscious,” “supra-conscious,” and “trans-conscious” in turn-of-the-century philosophy and theology in the period before 1947. I argue that there are four intellectual strands that go into the making of Eliade’s “transconscious,” namely: (1) psychology of mysticism; (2) occultism; (3) interpretations of yoga; (4) contemporary philosophy and theology. The final section looks at Eliade’s uses of the “transconscious” and at his debate with C. G. Jung regarding religion and the mind.","PeriodicalId":82210,"journal":{"name":"Numen","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135394605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
From Puzzle to Paradigm: A Kuhnian Perspective on Javanese Islam 从困惑到范式:爪哇伊斯兰教的库恩视角
Numen Pub Date : 2023-05-31 DOI: 10.1163/15685276-20231700
Jochem van den Boogert
{"title":"From Puzzle to Paradigm: A Kuhnian Perspective on Javanese Islam","authors":"Jochem van den Boogert","doi":"10.1163/15685276-20231700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685276-20231700","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Drawing on Kuhn’s understanding of scientific paradigms as exemplary ways of problem solving, this article critically assesses the current status of the study of Javanese Islam, in particular the long-standing debate on its nature. Is it a syncretist, animist religion or is it essentially Islamic? An analysis from a Kuhnian perspective indicates that both stances are actually the outcome of the same standardized theoretical approach. Consequentially, certain phenomena that are usually considered part of the Javanese religious condition now appear as anomalies of a paradigm. They will remain unsolvable, unless different theoretical approaches are developed. Locating a central assumption in the research into non-Western cultures – the universality of religion – is a step in that direction. From there, generating new descriptions and new research questions becomes a possibility.","PeriodicalId":82210,"journal":{"name":"Numen","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135394604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Yogi Physician: The Conscious Self and the Yoga of Karmic Observation in Early Ayurvedic Medicine 瑜伽医生:早期阿育吠陀医学中的自觉自我和业力观察瑜伽
Numen Pub Date : 2023-03-10 DOI: 10.1163/15685276-20231692
Matthew I. Robertson
{"title":"The Yogi Physician: The Conscious Self and the Yoga of Karmic Observation in Early Ayurvedic Medicine","authors":"Matthew I. Robertson","doi":"10.1163/15685276-20231692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685276-20231692","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article develops historical links between early Ayurveda and yoga in light of the claim that a physician can enter the inner self ( antarātman ) of a patient “in the manner of a yogi.” Ayurveda’s idiomatically yoga-based analysis of the inner self is detailed, illustrating a concern with the karma, consciousness, perceptual habits, and mental clarity of patients. Diagnosing these most subtle aspects of a patient is shown to require the development of the penetrative power of “true awareness,” which physicians get by yogic means. It is argued that the ideal physician is a yogi who evidences the existence of a yogic paradigm of karmic observation. Textual parallels indicate that this paradigm was held in common among Ayurvedic and Buddhist social circles especially. Yoga, it is argued, afforded the perceptual “physics” for a karmic cosmos, while its methods of perceptual mastery afforded the expansive vision required to observe it properly.","PeriodicalId":82210,"journal":{"name":"Numen","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136156674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
… and forgive them their debts: Lending, Foreclosure and Redemption – From Bronze Age Finance to the Jubilee Year, written by Michael Hudson ……并免除他们的债务:借贷、止赎和赎回——从青铜时代的金融到禧年，迈克尔·哈德森著
Numen Pub Date : 2023-03-10 DOI: 10.1163/15685276-20231697
Rony Ojajärvi
{"title":"… and forgive them their debts: Lending, Foreclosure and Redemption – From Bronze Age Finance to the Jubilee Year, written by Michael Hudson","authors":"Rony Ojajärvi","doi":"10.1163/15685276-20231697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685276-20231697","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":82210,"journal":{"name":"Numen","volume":"578 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136156673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
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