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The DPRK and Cuba in the Initial Period of Bilateral Relations (1960–1965): The Limits of “Socialist Solidarity” 朝鲜与古巴建交初期(1960-1965):“社会主义团结”的极限

Novaia i noveishaia istoriia Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.31857/s013038640024136-7

Natalia Matveeva

{"title":"The DPRK and Cuba in the Initial Period of Bilateral Relations (1960–1965): The Limits of “Socialist Solidarity”","authors":"Natalia Matveeva","doi":"10.31857/s013038640024136-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s013038640024136-7","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, drawing on recently declassified archive sources from the Soviet embassy in Pyongyang, the author aims to refute the traditional view of North Korean-Cuban relations as historically close and equal, based on socialist solidarity and a common struggle against imperialism. In it, she argues that for North Korea, its “unbreakable friendship” with Cuba was motivated by more than just a desire to help the “brotherly country” in its anti-imperialist struggle. Exploring the early phase of bilateral relations, the author looks behind the propaganda façade of internationalism and socialist solidarity to examine the pragmatic motives behind North Korean desire to establish strong relations with the new socialist Cuba. She argues that North Korea originally sought to adopt the same senior partner role to Cuba that the Soviet Union and Eastern European countries had with respect to North Korea itself, promoting a North Korean political and ideological model in Cuba and contrasting it with both the Soviet and Chinese models. North Korea used the growing Sino-Soviet rift to discredit both the Soviet Union and China, while simultaneously promoting itself and its model as an alternative to the two quarrelling socialist giants. The study of archival sources provides a more detailed insight into the early phase of North Korean-Cuban relations and contributes to an understanding of North Korean foreign policy and its characteristic features still in place today.","PeriodicalId":82203,"journal":{"name":"Novaia i noveishaia istoriia","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135311061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Geographical Discoveries in the East of Europe and Their Influence on the Self-Consciousness of the Renaissance Culture 东欧地理发现及其对文艺复兴时期文化自觉的影响

Novaia i noveishaia istoriia Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.31857/s013038640025183-9

O. Kudryavtsev

{"title":"The Geographical Discoveries in the East of Europe and Their Influence on the Self-Consciousness of the Renaissance Culture","authors":"O. Kudryavtsev","doi":"10.31857/s013038640025183-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s013038640025183-9","url":null,"abstract":"In this article the author examines the news of European cosmographers of the first quarter of the 16th century about the lands of Eastern Europe discovered at that time. In this article the author examines the news of European cosmographers of the first quarter of the sixteenth century about the lands of Eastern Europe discovered at that time. In the cosmographic work of the Polish author Mathias de Miechow, who relied on the observations of his predecessors – Julius Pomponius Laetus, Pius II, as well as Catalan, Genoese, Venetian cartographers of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries – a significant part of the data about the most important geographical objects in Eastern Europe, contained in the works of ancient scholars, was rejected or clarified. In the short time since the first publication of Mathias de Miechow's book, the view he expressed on the geography of Eastern Europe had become predominant, if not universally accepted. Its positive and even enthusiastic perception is to be found in the closely related works on Muscovy by European authors such as Albertus Campensis, Paolo Giovio, Ulrich von Gutten. In particular, these authors confirmed the non-existence of of the so-called Riphean and Hyperborean Mountains, the existence of which had been reported by the most eminent scholars of antiquity; they had also reinterpreted reports of their predecessors about the sources of the great rivers of this region, about peoples and tribes which inhabited it.However, as the author emphasises, these new data about geography and ethnography of Eastern Europe, obtained by humanists-cosmographers should be considered not only as a kind of manifestation of the general processes of global reappraisal of classical inheritance but as an important step in the development of Renaissance self-consciousness revealed in the affirmation of intellectual superiority of Modern epoch in comparison with Antiquity.","PeriodicalId":82203,"journal":{"name":"Novaia i noveishaia istoriia","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81428611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Red Army and the National Question (A.Y. Bezugolny. The National Composition of the Red Army. 1918–1945. Historical and Statistical Research. Moscow, 2021) 红军与民族问题》（A.Y. Bezugolny.红军的民族构成。1918-1945.历史与统计研究》。莫斯科，2021 年）

Novaia i noveishaia istoriia Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.31857/s013038640024698-5

A. Ganin

引用次数: 0

Great Britain in the “Balkan Labyrinth” on the Eve of the Great War (O.I. Aganson. In Search of Equilibrium: Great Britain and the “Balkan Labyrinth”, 1903–1914. Saint-Petersburg, 2022)

Novaia i noveishaia istoriia Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.31857/s013038640023158-1

Denis V. Rodin

引用次数: 0

Economic Causes of the Cold War (K.V. Minkova. Economic Origins of the Cold War: Soviet-American Economic Relations in 1943–1947. Saint-Petersburg, 2021) 冷战的经济原因》（K.V. Minkova.冷战的经济起源：1943-1947 年的苏美经济关系》。圣彼得堡，2021 年）

Novaia i noveishaia istoriia Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.31857/s013038640023042-4

I. Khruleva

引用次数: 0

The Dismantling of the Batum Subsystem of International Relations and Its Historical Consequences, September–November 1918 《巴统国际关系子系统的瓦解及其历史后果》，1918年9 - 11月

Novaia i noveishaia istoriia Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.31857/s013038640024696-3

Velikhan Mirzekhanov

{"title":"The Dismantling of the Batum Subsystem of International Relations and Its Historical Consequences, September–November 1918","authors":"Velikhan Mirzekhanov","doi":"10.31857/s013038640024696-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s013038640024696-3","url":null,"abstract":"The final phase of the Batum subsystem unfolded despite the apparent defeat of the Central Powers on the main fronts of the Great War already at the end of September 1918. It was a consequence of the inertia of German and Ottoman expansion in the region, which received a new impetus after the capture of Baku in September 1918. For two months, efforts to maintain Berlin's and Constantinople's influence in the region continued, partly through uneasy compromises with Soviet Russia and thanks to an operational pause taken by British troops. The economic potential of exploiting the Transcaucasia for the Central Powers could not be realised, but the overall capabilities were unlocked and preparations gave way to a test-delivery phase. The impact of the intervention of the Central Powers on the course of the Civil War in the North Caucasus increased. The elimination of the Batum subsystem was one of the primary objectives of the British emissaries who were arriving from mid-November, however, they were unable to undo or transform its effects due to the same reasons that led to the policy failures of the German and Ottoman actors.","PeriodicalId":82203,"journal":{"name":"Novaia i noveishaia istoriia","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89120651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Museological Thought: the Origins (V.G. Ananyev. Institute of Art History as a Center of Museological Thought of Petrograd – Leningrad of the Late 1910s–1920s. Saint-Petersburg, 2021) 博物馆学思想：起源（V.G. Ananyev.艺术史研究所是 1910-1920 年代末彼得堡-列宁格勒博物馆学思想的中心。圣彼得堡，2021 年）

Novaia i noveishaia istoriia Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.31857/s013038640025108-6

O. Tuminskaya

引用次数: 0

Conference in Voronezh on the Problems of Fascism and Anti-Fascism 沃罗涅日法西斯主义和反法西斯问题会议

Novaia i noveishaia istoriia Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.31857/s013038640023753-6

A. Bogdashkin

引用次数: 0

All-Russian Conference of Africanists 全俄非洲学家会议

Novaia i noveishaia istoriia Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.31857/s013038640025110-9

A. Lazarev

引用次数: 0

Social and Demographic Prerequisites for Mass Migration in Italy and Spain in the XIX Century 十九世纪意大利和西班牙大规模移民的社会和人口先决条件

Novaia i noveishaia istoriia Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.31857/s013038640020660-4

N. Kudeyarova

{"title":"Social and Demographic Prerequisites for Mass Migration in Italy and Spain in the XIX Century","authors":"N. Kudeyarova","doi":"10.31857/s013038640020660-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s013038640020660-4","url":null,"abstract":"In this study the author analyses the causes of mass emigration from Southern Europe in the nineteenth century, which had a profound influence on the formation of the modern composition of the population of several Latin American countries. The study is based on the push/pull migration model proposed by Everett S. Lee, as well as on the model of interrelation of migration and employment diversification by sector of economic activity developed by Gustavo Cabrera, where the mono-industry specialisation of employment in a region stimulates the population outflow. Despite slow demographic growth, lagging industrialisation in Italy and Spain could not cope with the surplus labour force that emerged in the agrarian regions. The gap between the agrarian South and the industrialising North, characteristic of these two countries, had an important impact on the formation of internal mobility. Political upheavals – the unification of Italy, the dynastic confrontation in Spain – also increased the outflow of population. Unresolved agrarian issues, population growth and lagging modernisation increased the push-factor effect. The author notes the structural similarity of the internal causes of mass migration but, on the basis of statistical data, emphasises the geographical diversity of the resettlement areas chosen. The collapse of the Spanish Empire brought an end to the colonial type of migration, which had its greatest impact on the situation in Cuba in the period indicated. Further dynamics were determined by the socio-economic motivations and policies of the host countries, especially in Latin America and the USA, where migrants found new opportunities.","PeriodicalId":82203,"journal":{"name":"Novaia i noveishaia istoriia","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90449121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0