Aquatic Mammals最新文献

{"title":"Indian Ocean Sighting of Shepherd’s Beaked Whale (Tasmacetus shepherdi) Helps Confirm Circumpolar Distribution in Southern Hemisphere","authors":"J. Towers, P. Tixier","doi":"10.1578/am.48.5.2022.462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1578/am.48.5.2022.462","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8219,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Mammals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41688859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Memoriam: Sam Ridgway (1936 to 2022)","authors":"Jason N. Bruck, Elizabeth Henderson","doi":"10.1578/am.48.5.2022.468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1578/am.48.5.2022.468","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8219,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Mammals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45169347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence of Large Whale Socio-Sexual Behavior in the New York Bight","authors":"Meghan E. Rickard, K. Lomac-MacNair, D. Ireland, S. Leiter, Mitchell D. Poster, Ann M. Zoidis","doi":"10.1578/am.48.5.2022.401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1578/am.48.5.2022.401","url":null,"abstract":"Large whales, including the endangered sei whale (Balaenoptera borealis), sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus), and North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis), are known to occur in the New York Bight. However, relatively little data exist on social behavior typical of these species in the area. The U.S. Mid-Atlantic has traditionally been considered a large whale migratory corridor with few surveys documenting social dynamics of whale presence in these waters. To better understand the occurrence, distribution, abundance, and behavior of these species for management and conservation planning, monthly line-transect aerial surveys were conducted over a 3-year period from March 2017 to February 2020. During these surveys, three noteworthy socio-sexual behavior events were observed and photographed within groups of sei whales (April 2019), sperm whales (September 2019), and right whales (December 2019). Events included what could be either non-reproductive sexual behavior (socio-sexual behavior) or sexual behavior (copulation) among conspecifics, including mirror pair swimming, lateral and vertical presenting, and belly to belly contact. During all three events, groups were highly active at the surface, frequently and quickly changing speed and direction, and animals were predominantly less than one body length apart from other conspecifics in the group. All species were recorded rolling onto their sides and/or back while at or near the surface. Open mouth display occurred in the North Atlantic right whale event. Though copulation is unlikely to have transpired during the sperm whale event and could not have occurred during the right whale event due to the identification of same-sex individuals, it cannot be ruled out as the impetus for the sei whale event. These observations begin to describe the relative importance of the New York Bight as more than a migratory corridor and suggest that additional behaviorally focused data collection be incorporated into future surveys.","PeriodicalId":8219,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Mammals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47746708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Southern Elephant Seals (Mirounga leonina) in the Galapagos Islands and the Eastern Tropical Pacific Amid Ocean Environmental Changes: Towards a Habitat Suitability Index","authors":"J. Alava, Marjorie Riofrío-Lazo, G. Reygondeau, Patricia Rosero, I. C. Avila, D. Lara, F. Gil, Carlos F. Yaipen-Llanos, F. Elorriaga-Verplancken, D. Páez-Rosas","doi":"10.1578/am.48.5.2022.418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1578/am.48.5.2022.418","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8219,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Mammals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45501001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Camera Does Not Lie: Superimposed Dorsal Fins Introducing Error in Cetacean Photo-Identification","authors":"Jure Miočić-Stošić, M. Frleta-Valić, D. Holcer","doi":"10.1578/am.48.5.2022.456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1578/am.48.5.2022.456","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8219,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Mammals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48824219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stomach Contents of Three Sperm Whales (Physeter macrocephalus) Stranded on Andøya, Northern Norway","authors":"T. Similä, T. Haug, Lotta Lindblom, C. Lockyer, S. O’Callaghan","doi":"10.1578/am.48.5.2022.449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1578/am.48.5.2022.449","url":null,"abstract":"Three male sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) stranded on the island of Andøya in northern Norway in 2020. This created an opportunity to do gross necropsies with a focus on stomach contents as the diet of sperm whales in Norwegian waters is poorly understood and also to study potential presence of marine debris. Four new prey types for sperm whales in Norwegian waters were identified: (1) angler fish, (2) Atlantic cod, (3) cartilaginous fish, and (4) cock-eyed squid. In general, the results support earlier studies of male sperm whale diet in high latitude foraging grounds in the North Atlantic consisting of a mixture of cephalopods and meso- and bathypelagic fish. The only type of marine debris found was part of a fishing line. Based on estimates from teeth, the whales were 25, 45, and 49 years old. The size of all individuals was smaller than the median length based on whaling data for these age classes caught in Iceland in the 1970s.","PeriodicalId":8219,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Mammals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44465900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two Gray Whale (Eschrichtius robustus) Sightings off Hawaiʻi Island: The First Records for the Central Tropical Pacific","authors":"R. W. Baird, J. James, Chad Mata, M. Hughes","doi":"10.1578/am.48.5.2022.432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1578/am.48.5.2022.432","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8219,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Mammals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42701133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence of Type A-Like Killer Whales (Orcinus orca) Predating on Marine Mammals Along the Atacama Desert Coast, Chile","authors":"A. García-Cegarra","doi":"10.1578/am.48.5.2022.436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1578/am.48.5.2022.436","url":null,"abstract":"Killer whales (Orcinus orca) are marine apex predators distributed across the world’s oceans. In the last 40 years, researchers have increasingly differentiated killer whales into ecotypes based on genetics, morphology, behaviour, acoustic repertoire, habitat, and trophic ecology. While killer whale ecotypes in the Northern Hemisphere are well studied, the recognition of distinct killer whale forms in the Southern Hemisphere is mainly limited to Antarctic waters. Although present in less studied regions, such as along the Atacama Desert coast in the Southeast Pacific Ocean, limited information is available regarding their biology or trophic ecology. Herein, multiple lines of evidence are presented for killer whale predation on marine mammals in northern Chile. Using information from systematic boat-based surveys, whale-watching tour surveys, and reports from fishermen/citizen scientists, 19 killer whale sightings are reported along the coast of northern Chile (from the Arica and Parinacota region in the north to the Atacama region in the south). Killer whales were photo-identified as corresponding to the Southern Hemisphere Type A-like ecotype according to their dorsal fin shape and white eye patch. One killer whale pod, which included two males, one female, one juvenile, and one calf, was resighted six times from 2016 to 2021 in northern Chile and was observed hunting South American sea lions (Otaria flavescens), dusky dolphins (Lagenorhynchus obscurus), and long-beaked common dolphins (Delphinus cf. capensis). Killer whales were observed taking advantage of large aggregations of sea lions associated with the offshore purse-seine fishery. Adult killer whales used the hulls of fishing vessels to prevent sea lions from escaping. Photo-identification analysis of a fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) catalogue from Mejillones Peninsula showed that 2.6% of all identified whales had apparent rake marks from killer whale teeth on their dorsal fins. These data show that Type A-like killer whales in northern Chile prey on several species of marine mammals.","PeriodicalId":8219,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Mammals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46957500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examination of Blubber Fatty Acids in Pregnant and Lactating Alaskan Harbor Seals (Phoca vitulina)","authors":"V. Neises, Shawna Karpovich, M. Keogh, S. Trumble","doi":"10.1578/am.48.4.2022.362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1578/am.48.4.2022.362","url":null,"abstract":"Pregnancy and lactation are energetically expensive for female mammals and greatly influence the evolution of species-specific reproductive strategies. Phocid (“true” seals) lactation is generally short in duration and relies heavily on stored energy, whereas otariid (sea lions and fur seals) lactation is generally much longer, and energy is supplemented by foraging. While a phocid, the smaller body size of the harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) is assumed to preclude the maintenance of lactation solely from stored energy. For this reason, their lactation strategy is believed intermediate to that of otariids and phocids. The purpose of this study was to characterize blubber fatty acids (FAs) of pregnant and lactating harbor seals and determine if lactating blubber FA profiles more closely resemble phocids or otariids. Blubber FA differences between female reproductive states (lactating, n = 18; pregnant, n = 7; non-lactating–non-pregnant, n = 17), mother–pup pairs (n = 6), and families (otariid, n = 3; phocid, n = 3) were evaluated using permutation analysis of variance (PERMANOVA). Compared to lactating females, pregnant harbor seals had elevated polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) and decreased monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs) in their blubber, suggesting pregnant harbor seals may prioritize PUFA storage in the blubber. Additionally, when compared to their pregnant counterparts, lactating harbor seals had lower PUFA, as well as saturated FAs (SFAs) and MUFA ≤ 16C, suggesting lactating harbor seals may utilize blubber FAs similar to other phocids. Lastly, while blubber SFA and MUFA concentrations may be conserved among pinniped families, PUFA concentrations among lactating phocids and otariids appear to be similar, suggesting lactating species may selectively mobilize PUFA from the blubber in a similar way despite family or lactation strategy. Understanding how family and body size influence the lactation strategy of a species provides greater insight into the physiological and behavioral limitations a species may have to both internal and external forces during such a critical time in its life history.","PeriodicalId":8219,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Mammals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48294846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Record of a Right Whale Fossil Radius from the Pre-Historic Period of Japan","authors":"Yoshihiro Tanaka, H. Taruno","doi":"10.1578/am.48.4.2022.355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1578/am.48.4.2022.355","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8219,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Mammals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46134453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}