{"title":"Sustainability and Financial Risk: the Green Mean-to-CVaR Efficient Frontier","authors":"Vittoria Di Felice, Giacomo Morelli","doi":"10.1007/s10479-026-07140-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10479-026-07140-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In light of the recent policy developments, such as the 2015 <i>Paris Agreements</i>, which steers financial markets towards more sustainable investments, understanding the risk-return dynamics of environmentally focused portfolios becomes crucial. This research proposes a new methodological approach to quantify the trade-off between sustainability and financial performance, the Green Mean-to-CVaR frontier. Measuring the environmental impact using well established environmental metrics, such as the E (Environmental) score and the Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, we explore this topic in the mean-Conditional Value at Risk (CVaR) space where we derive the green Mean-to-CVaR (MtC) efficient frontier. We focus our analysis on the European stock market, using data from the STOXX Europe 600 for the period 03/01/2007 30/12/2019. We find that portfolios with higher E score (lower GHG) have lower CVaR and lower expected return. Above a certain threshold of the green metric only inefficient portfolios are obtained. The sectoral analysis confirms the findings across all sectors except Energy, where higher E scores (lower GHG) correspond to increased risk.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8215,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Operations Research","volume":"363 2","pages":"1559 - 1584"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10479-026-07140-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148699815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Enric Andreu-Casas, Alberto García-Villoria, Rafael Pastor
{"title":"Minimising cycle time in multi-manned assembly line balancing problem with dependent task times","authors":"Enric Andreu-Casas, Alberto García-Villoria, Rafael Pastor","doi":"10.1007/s10479-026-07127-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10479-026-07127-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>One of the problems in multi-manned assembly lines is to produce the highest number of workpieces using a fixed number of workstations. At each workstation there is the possibility of having multiple workers simultaneously performing different tasks. This paper studies this class of problem: the multi-manned assembly line balancing problem (MALBP) with the objective of minimising the cycle time. Moreover, task times are not considered deterministic but dependent on the number of workers at the station. By considering dependent task times, it is possible to represent more realistic situations that take into account the possible interferences between workers. In this paper, a mathematical model is presented. Furthermore, two heuristics based on solving a partition problem with constraints are developed: H_GRP and H_MIX. In particular, H_MIX uses a greedy constructive heuristic procedure, named GRDY_DTT, and combines the resolution of a partition problem with the configuration of neighbouring workstations by task swaps and transfers. The computational experiments indicate that H_MIX is the proposal that performs best. Additionally, we show that H_MIX obtains better results than the ones published in the literature for MALBP-2 with deterministic task times.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8215,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Operations Research","volume":"360 2-3","pages":"723 - 766"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147828525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guo Li, Suresh K. Jakhar, Sachin Kumar Mangla, Suresh Sethi, Malin Song
{"title":"OR driven technology innovation for efficient decarbonized supply chains in a digital economy, part 1","authors":"Guo Li, Suresh K. Jakhar, Sachin Kumar Mangla, Suresh Sethi, Malin Song","doi":"10.1007/s10479-026-07154-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10479-026-07154-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8215,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Operations Research","volume":"359 1","pages":"1 - 4"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147571114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dynamic aircraft maintenance stand scheduling via graph attention network and deep reinforcement learning","authors":"Runxia Guo, Yanlong Xie, Guihang Liu","doi":"10.1007/s10479-026-07147-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10479-026-07147-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dynamic aircraft maintenance stand scheduling (DAMSS) aims to optimize aircraft stand allocation by jointly minimizing unnecessary aircraft movements, balancing workload distribution across stands, and maximizing stand utilization, thereby enhancing both operational efficiency and safety during maintenance operations. The traditional methods often struggle to adapt to the dynamic and complex nature of maintenance tasks. This paper presents a novel approach that integrates a heterogeneous interactive graph neural network (HIGN) for dynamic task completion and stand embedding generation. The method uses a three-layer interaction structure: a bottom layer based on a graph attention network (GAT) for neighborhood interactions, a middle layer leveraging transformer structures to model long-range dependencies, and a global aggregation layer using average pooling. These embeddings are then fed into a dual-policy proximal policy optimization (DP-PPO) framework, where two actors share a critic to jointly optimize the scheduling policy. The reward function is designed to minimize aircraft movements, improve stand utilization, and balance workload by encouraging consecutive operation assignments to the same stand. The proposed method achieves superior overall performance compared to PDR, metaheuristic, and RL baselines on realistic simulation datasets.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8215,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Operations Research","volume":"360 2-3","pages":"979 - 1006"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147828611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guo Li, Suresh K. Jakhar, Sachin Kumar Mangla, Suresh Sethi, Malin Song
{"title":"OR driven technology innovation for efficient decarbonized supply chains in a digital economy, part 2","authors":"Guo Li, Suresh K. Jakhar, Sachin Kumar Mangla, Suresh Sethi, Malin Song","doi":"10.1007/s10479-026-07155-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10479-026-07155-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8215,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Operations Research","volume":"359 2","pages":"1189 - 1192"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147607188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Francesco Bartolucci, Silvia Pandolfi, Fulvia Pennoni
{"title":"Parsimonious parametrizations of transition matrices of Markov chain and hidden Markov models","authors":"Francesco Bartolucci, Silvia Pandolfi, Fulvia Pennoni","doi":"10.1007/s10479-025-06986-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10479-025-06986-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We introduce a set of constraints on the multinomial logit (sub)model for the transition probabilities of Markov chain and Hidden Markov models with covariates. These constraints have a straightforward interpretation and make the model more parsimonious with respect to the standard formulation. Estimation based on the maximum likelihood approach is developed under different constraints. The proposal is validated by a series of simulations and illustrated by an application about the evaluation of differences in general self-assessed health according to the available covariates, using longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8215,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Operations Research","volume":"363 1","pages":"233 - 266"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10479-025-06986-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148695710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marta Baldomero-Naranjo, Jörg Kalcsics, Antonio M. Rodríguez-Chía, Catriona Wedderburn
{"title":"Advancing firefighter games: novel integer programming formulations and the cost-value model","authors":"Marta Baldomero-Naranjo, Jörg Kalcsics, Antonio M. Rodríguez-Chía, Catriona Wedderburn","doi":"10.1007/s10479-026-07096-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10479-026-07096-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the classical firefighter game, a fire breaks out on some vertices of an undirected connected graph at time zero. At each subsequent time step, a fixed number of firefighters can protect one vertex each from catching fire. Afterwards, the fire spreads from each burning vertex to every adjacent vertex that is neither burning nor defended. The game ends when the fire can no longer spread. The goal is to find a defense strategy that maximizes the number of non-burning (saved) vertices. In this work, we first revisit the classical integer linear programming formulation and then present several improvements for it, as well as two new formulations and tighter bounds on the maximum duration of the game. Moreover, we relax the classical assumptions that all vertices have uniform values and costs, i.e., we allow vertices to have different values and costs for being defended. Furthermore, instead of a fixed number of firefighters, we are given a defense budget that we can spend each time step to defend the vertices. We call this the cost-value firefighter game. We present three different integer linear programming formulations for the problem, along with a series of inequalities to strengthen the formulations and tight bounds on the maximum duration of the game.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8215,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Operations Research","volume":"360 2-3","pages":"839 - 878"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10479-026-07096-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147828526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Can the reliance on project creativity promote its crowdfunding success?","authors":"Yue Yu, Honglin Yang, Hong Wan","doi":"10.1007/s10479-026-07116-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10479-026-07116-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examines the heterogeneous impact of project creativity on crowdfunding success across varying project categories. Considering the trade-off between investors’ preference for creativity and substantial creative sunk costs, startups face a dilemma in determining the optimal creative level. We model the decision-making process under four prevalent crowdfunding mechanisms: equity and debt crowdfunding combined with All-or-Nothing (AON) or Keep-it-All (KIA) frameworks. Our analysis identifies a divergent impact: for low-return/Art & Craft projects, creativity acts as social currency that fosters community engagement, positively influencing success. Conversely, for high-return/Technology-Intensive projects, excessive creativity signals over-promising and execution risk, triggering an Innovation Paradox that negatively affects outcomes. To mitigate the risk aversion of high-tech startups, we propose a platform-led cost-sharing incentive policy. Distinct from standard models, we incorporate the platform’s Strategic Value and conduct a feasibility analysis. We find that while a theoretical win–win range exists, inherent conflicts of interest regarding subsidy intensity and strict feasibility boundaries may constrain implementation. Finally, an empirical analysis based on an expanded dataset of 1332 projects from Wefunder, Kickstarter, and Indiegogo validates our main findings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8215,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Operations Research","volume":"360 2-3","pages":"1177 - 1207"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147828523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Supermarket-chain grocery delivery optimization through courier coordination","authors":"Bohan Hu, Feng-Jang Hwang","doi":"10.1007/s10479-026-07150-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10479-026-07150-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Considering grocery delivery optimization for the supermarket chain, this paper proposes a coordinative grocery delivery service (CGDS) strategy which is implementable by the supermarket-chain enterprise. By coordinating courier resources, the CGDS mode enhances the operational efficiency of grocery delivery for the supermarket chain adopting the individually-operated grocery delivery service (IOGDS) mode, where all stores separately run their delivery service. For the deterministic supermarket-chain CGDS problem, this study presents a mathematical programming model using the arc-flow and set-partitioning formulations, accounting for unique properties such as multiple depots and shared heterogeneous couriers. A branch-and-price-and-cut method incorporating two categories of valid inequalities is developed, along with an implicit enumeration algorithm for the pricing subproblem to meet the pickup-and-delivery requirements. The computational experiments on both the benchmark and newly-generated instance sets demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed solution methods. The experimental results also highlight the clear advantage of the CGDS mode over the IOGDS mode, offering relevant strategic insights for the supermarket-chain operators.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8215,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Operations Research","volume":"359 3","pages":"2829 - 2868"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10479-026-07150-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147637009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Time-constrained energy minimization for online execution of a stochastic DAG task","authors":"Jonatha Anselmi, Bruno Gaujal, Karl Gottlieb","doi":"10.1007/s10479-026-07130-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10479-026-07130-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We study the problem of energy-efficient online execution of a complex task on a server with variable processing speed. The task consists of a set of stochastic elementary jobs structured as a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG), where each job’s execution may reveal new information that influences future scheduling decisions. Our objective is to determine an online speed control policy that minimizes the expected energy consumption while ensuring that the task completes before a strict deadline. Leveraging tools from convex optimization, the optimality principle, and backward induction, we derive a structural characterization of the optimal policy. We find that this is linked to a set of second-order differential equations and exhibits a non-trivial form. Building on this result, we develop a discretization-based algorithm that efficiently approximates the optimal policy. The proposed algorithm is provably asymptotically exact in the discretization step and has computational complexity <i>O</i>(<i>AN</i>), where <i>A</i> denotes the number of edges in the underlying DAG and <i>N</i> is the size of the discretization. Our results offer a principled and computationally efficient solution framework for online execution of structured stochastic workloads under strict energy and timing constraints.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8215,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Operations Research","volume":"360 2-3","pages":"815 - 838"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147828607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}