Libraries & culture最新文献

{"title":"Changing the Geography of Reading in a Southern Border State: The Rosenwald Fund and the WPA in Oklahoma","authors":"L. Robbins","doi":"10.1353/LAC.2005.0058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/LAC.2005.0058","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the impact of funding for library-related projects from the Julius Rosenwald Fund and the Works Progress Administration on the availability of library services and reading materials for African Americans in the South and border states, specifically Oklahoma, in the 1930s and 1940s. Using a variety of archival sources, including the Julius Rosenwald papers, the WPA records at the National Archives, Oklahoma Library Commission annual reports, and records of the Rosenwald projects at the Oklahoma HistoricalSociety, the article attempts to evaluate whether these outside interventions actually changed the geography of reading for African Americans during that time period. Recent research identifies the mere geographic proximity of reading materials as influential in the development of literacy and the reading habit. The dearth of reading materials available to African Americans in the South at least until the 1960s because of school and library segregation has been well documented. Thus efforts to ameliorate differential access to reading materials and thereby enhance literacy and the reading habit should be of interest and concern to librarians, educators, and policy makers as well as social historians. It may be especially pertinent as support for public and school libraries, the targets of these two programs, is threatened. Unfortunately, impact is difficult to determine at a historical remove. This study provides tantalizing clues in letters of thanks, libraries that persisted after funding disappeared, and books that were published in hopes of finding a market in the Rosenwald library projects but no definitive answers to how the reading map of Oklahoma may have been permanently reshaped by the interventions of the Rosenwald Fund and the WPA Library Programs.","PeriodicalId":81853,"journal":{"name":"Libraries & culture","volume":"40 1","pages":"353 - 367"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/LAC.2005.0058","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66795846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Romance of Small-Town Chautauquas (review)","authors":"M. Jackson","doi":"10.1353/LAC.2005.0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/LAC.2005.0029","url":null,"abstract":"James R. Schultz touches on the origins of the Chautauqua movement but concentrates on the development of the movement across the Midwest and into the Northeast during the beginning of the twentieth century. Schultz begins with the story of Keith Vawter, who purchased part of James Redpath’s lecture and lyceum circuit in 1901. Based in Chicago, Vawter began the first traveling tent show on the Chautauqua circuit in 1904. His proposal to take the shows to the rural areas of America was new. The Chautauqua Institute in New York State was well established by the time Vawter and his caravans began their travels. The Redpath circuit moved through eight small towns in Iowa the first summer, providing education and entertainment. Schultz states, “America was striving for culture, and lyceum lectures became a popular medium for informing the public and generating discussion on the issues of the day” (1). The summer Chautauqua circuit offered the quality of lectures and entertainment to rural America that the lecture circuit offered to larger towns. In The Romance of Small-Town Chautauquas Schultz primarily provides anecdotes and photographs from the Chautauqua movement at the beginning of the twentieth century. The book presents the history of Chautauqua, but it focuses on the personal story of two brothers, Richie and Eben Schultz, who were born in Canton, Mississippi, and spent their young adult years working back and forth across the Midwest and East Coast in Chautauqua. The Schultz brothers are the author’s father and uncle, and he draws from family memories and archives for much of his material. University archives and local historical societies provided many of the previously unpublished photographs and information. Schultz draws heavily from the collections at Allegheny College, where his father was a college professor, and the archives of the University of Iowa. The author’s childhood stories and memories are also interwoven in the text. While it is a rather informal study with little analysis regarding the meaning of the movement for the audiences, the book adds to the information available and provides a beginning point for further analysis. Well-known speakers such as Robert M. La Follette and Ida Tarbell are featured as well as the lesser-known workers of the circuit. Advertisements for shows and photos of tents and small towns capture the spirit of the movement. A chapter is devoted to the Junior Chautauqua programs, which “extended through the week and included a mix of education and entertainment that appealed to children” (131). This educational aspect featured supervised play and the production of pageants, which were performed as part of the Chautauqua program. The management of the Chautauqua is also a topic of the book, since the Schultz brothers were both employed as managers. The reader does not learn what the qualifications were or gain much insight into how the circuit ran, however. Many of the circuit’s workers were college-age s","PeriodicalId":81853,"journal":{"name":"Libraries & culture","volume":"40 1","pages":"191 - 192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/LAC.2005.0029","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66794340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Prosecution of War Crimes for the Destruction of Libraries and Archives during Times of Armed Conflict","authors":"Sanja Zgonjanin","doi":"10.1353/LAC.2005.0041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/LAC.2005.0041","url":null,"abstract":"The twentieth century witnessed some of the worst destruction of libraries and archives during armed conflicts. Ad hoc tribunals created to try war crimes have made some progress in establishing individual criminal responsibility for crimes against cultural property. However, crimes that involve the destruction of libraries and archives are not prosecuted as separate incidents due to the courts' failure to specifically list such crimes as separate counts of indictment. The lack of the prosecution of the individuals responsible for crimes of library and archive destruction is one of the reasons why the assault on the documentary heritage of the world continues.","PeriodicalId":81853,"journal":{"name":"Libraries & culture","volume":"55 1","pages":"128 - 144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/LAC.2005.0041","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66794994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ebb and Flow: The Migration of Collections to American Libraries: A Report","authors":"R. Oram","doi":"10.1353/LAC.2005.0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/LAC.2005.0035","url":null,"abstract":"The 45th Annual Preconference of the Rare Books and Manuscripts Section of the Association of College and Research Libraries took place at Yale University from 21 June through 24 June 2004. It focused on the international origins of special collections in U.S. repositories as well as current ethical and management issues surrounding these materials. The plenary sessions began with Alice Prochaska (Yale Univer sity) presenting a paper entitled \"Some Issues Relating to the Own ership of Manuscripts.\" Taking her cue from similar remarks she made at the conclusion of the 2003 RBMS Preconference, Prochaska noted that many special collections have a complex history of ownership and therefore might be said to belong to more than one country. In effect, they \"contain the DNA of our shared past,\" and ownership thus implies a responsibility to share them with the citizens of other lands. The consideration of ethical issues deriving from the owner ship of foreign collections first came to the fore after World War II, and since then many countries as well as UNESCO have developed policies on the proper exportation of national cultural treasures. James Raven (Essex University) took an historical overview in his paper, \"Transatlantic Migrations in the Colonial Period.\" He reviewed the principal sources of statistical data (most notably, customs records, which include information on the weight of books arriving in America) on exports from London, the origin of most of the books that reached North America. By the beginning of the eighteenth century New En gland alone accounted for about of a third of English book exports. Colonial readers wanted to acquire the same books that were fashion able in the mother country, and by 1773 the export trade accounted for 182,000 volumes, or 5 percent of the total British book trade. The second day's plenary sessions began with a talk by Robert Parks (Pierpont Morgan Library) on the outsized role played by J. P. Morgan in the migration of rare books and manuscripts from","PeriodicalId":81853,"journal":{"name":"Libraries & culture","volume":"40 1","pages":"145 - 148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/LAC.2005.0035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66794292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"John Carter: The Taste & Technique of a Bookman (review)","authors":"Michael Levine-Clark","doi":"10.1353/lac.2005.0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lac.2005.0033","url":null,"abstract":"From the time that he and Graham Pollard wrote An Enquiry into the Nature of Certain Nineteenth Century Pamphlets in 1934 to his death in 1975, John Carter was a central figure in the Anglo-American antiquarian book world. As the author or editor of several important books, most notably ABC for Book Collectors, now in an eighth edition, Taste & Technique of Book Collecting, and Printing and the Mind of Man, as well as a vast number of articles and reviews, and through his positions with Scribner’s and Sotheby’s, Carter influenced the shaping of many important private and institutional collections. It is thus quite surprising that until now there has been no book-length biography of the man. Donald C. Dickinson’s John Carter: The Taste & Technique of a Bookman ably fills this void in the literature. From 1927 until 1953 Carter worked in the rare book department of Scribner’s London office, heading it from 1940 on. In this role he identified and purchased books for the American market, in the process developing deep and lasting relationships with the major British booksellers of the time. The catalogs that he and David Randall, his counterpart in the New York office, created were thoughtfully produced and are still of interest today. Beginning in 1955, Carter worked for Sotheby’s, which at that time was trying to develop an American clientele and was instrumental in identifying collections and courting collectors in order to convince them to sell their books (and other items) in London rather than New York. In both of these roles Carter exerted an enormous influence on the formation of many collections, including those of the Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center at the University of Texas at Austin, Josiah K. Lilly and the Lilly Library at Indiana University, and Wilmarth S. Lewis, whose books were later donated to Yale University. Equally influential were Carter’s efforts as a writer. In 1934 the Enquiry exposed Thomas J. Wise, one of the foremost collectors and bibliographers of the time, as the forger of numerous supposedly nineteenth-century pamphlets, many of which Wise had authenticated in his role as bibliographer. New Paths in Book Collecting and Taste & Technique, along with countless reviews and articles, succeeded in broadening the definitions of collectible books. Carter also compiled several bibliographies, many of which are still useful today. Of all of his works, though, ABC for Book Collectors stands out as the most important. Going through five editions in his lifetime and three (revised by Nicolas Barker) since, ABC’s humorous but comprehensive treatment of book terminology makes it an essential work in any reference collection. Dickinson’s enjoyable biography traces Carter’s life from his days at Eton to his death in 1975. Because Carter was so intimately connected, personally and professionally, with Stanley Morison, Percy Muir, A. N. L. Munby, Graham Pollard, David Randall, Michael Sadleir, and other important bibliophiles o","PeriodicalId":81853,"journal":{"name":"Libraries & culture","volume":"43 1","pages":"198 - 199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/lac.2005.0033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66794653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phoenix Ascendant: French Higher Education and Its Significance for Research and Learning for Library, Book, Print, and Media Culture History","authors":"J. Hérubel","doi":"10.1353/LAC.2005.0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/LAC.2005.0028","url":null,"abstract":"Cultural interests possess and express transcendent power, whether it be effete or popular preoccupations. The rise of mass consumer ism and mass entertainment among industrial and postindustrial na tions has exerted an unbridled and unmistakable influence on higher education as well as library and information services, wherever these institutions exist. In a society and culture as highly articulated and as hoary as France, such conditions are complex and certainly nu anced. Unlike most national education systems, France possesses a highly centralized system emanating from Paris. Most governmental structures are situated on a national basis via centralizing authority and prerogative. All ministries focus their raison d'etre within the nexus that is Paris.","PeriodicalId":81853,"journal":{"name":"Libraries & culture","volume":"164 1","pages":"156 - 175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/LAC.2005.0028","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66794684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Jacobin Republic under Fire: The Federalist Revolt in the French Revolution (review)","authors":"B. W. Oliver","doi":"10.1353/lac.2005.0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lac.2005.0034","url":null,"abstract":"and Ellen Schrecker. Had Marshall included such background his prose might not have jumped around as much as it did. He also might have avoided misstatements such as how the Notkin firing was an aberration from librarians’ stance on intellectual freedom. Marshall seems to have been carried away by more recent intellectual freedom fights such as the debate over Playboy and Show Me, not realizing that library values were quite different in 1932. Despite these serious flaws, LIS scholars should read this for Marshall’s outsider coverage of recent management issues such as “Carpetgate,” the visionary leadership of Deborah Jacobs, and the “voluntary resignation” of Elizabeth Stroup.","PeriodicalId":81853,"journal":{"name":"Libraries & culture","volume":"40 1","pages":"189 - 191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/lac.2005.0034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66794727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electronic Reserve: A Manual and Guide for Library Staff Members (review)","authors":"Jessica Poland","doi":"10.1353/LAC.2005.0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/LAC.2005.0036","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":81853,"journal":{"name":"Libraries & culture","volume":"40 1","pages":"202 - 203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/LAC.2005.0036","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66794354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Books, Maps, and Politics: A Cultural History of the Library of Congress, 1783-1861 (review)","authors":"Michael A. LaMagna","doi":"10.1353/LAC.2005.0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/LAC.2005.0032","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":81853,"journal":{"name":"Libraries & culture","volume":"40 1","pages":"199 - 200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/LAC.2005.0032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66794456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Last Days of the Jerusalem of Lithuania: Chronicles from the Vilna Ghetto and the Camps, 1939-1944 (review)","authors":"Andrew B. Wertheimer","doi":"10.1353/lac.2005.0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lac.2005.0040","url":null,"abstract":"and other poetry. In this section the authors describe two forged editions of Eliot’s poetry—the republished edition of Brother and Sister sonnets and the reprint of Agatha. Baker and Ross maintain their meticulous notations within this section, although it is shorter than the previous section. Section C describes those essays and reviews found in established collections of the time. Eliot wrote for the Pall Mall Gazette and the Fortnightly Review, but her works were often unsigned until 1865. While Eliot’s major work was predominantly fiction, the essays and reviews noted in this section continued her established scholarly reputation. Section D includes those writings the authors believed should be separately discussed, including “(I) writings in genres suited to publication but not published within her lifetime; (II) compilations of short extracts from GE’s published writings; (III) jointly authored published writings; and (IV) autobiographical writings, not published within her lifetime” (447). The headnote discusses the means used to find and distinguish works published within other works as opposed to those found within notebooks, giving this section a unique flavor. Section E covers the varied editions of collected works and collections initially published as American or British publications but also discusses some of those editions published in other countries. Baker and Ross carefully note that the editions listed include whole works, not extracts, as cataloged in section D. The appendices and indices illustrate vast research and the depths to which the authors delved to create this momentous work. Eliot scholars will enjoy working with this text and appreciate the care taken in its compilation and analysis.","PeriodicalId":81853,"journal":{"name":"Libraries & culture","volume":"40 1","pages":"193 - 194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/lac.2005.0040","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66794897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}