Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health最新文献

{"title":"The relationship between respiratory health and hard metal dust exposure: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Cebrail Şimşek,&nbsp;Gülden Sarı,&nbsp;Bilge Akgündüz Üzmezoğlu,&nbsp;Bülent Şimşek","doi":"10.1080/19338244.2020.1870911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19338244.2020.1870911","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The frequency and severity of respiratory disorders among workers exposed to hard metal dust is not well known.The objective of this cross-sectional study is to report the prevalence of respiratory symptoms, functional status, and radiological findings in hard metal-exposed workers in Türkiye.Among 139 workers, 96 were machining workers, and 43 were industrial tool sharpening workers. Radiographic abnormalities compatible with pneumoconiosis were found 39% of the workers and were more in machining workers statistically significant.Also, in machining workers group, percentage of expected values of FVC was lower than industrial tool sharpening workers group. The prevalence of respiratory symptoms was 14.3%, and there was not a statistically significant difference in working groups. The study reveals that pulmonary symptoms, functional abnormalities, and radiological findings are mild. Assuming that reversibility may develop with avoidance from exposure when detected at this stage, early diagnosis of lung damage is essential.</p>","PeriodicalId":8173,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health","volume":"77 3","pages":"227-233"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19338244.2020.1870911","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38809414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Violence against healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study from Egypt.","authors":"Ahmed Arafa,&nbsp;Ahmed Shehata,&nbsp;Mohamed Youssef,&nbsp;Shaimaa Senosy","doi":"10.1080/19338244.2021.1982854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19338244.2021.1982854","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Workplace violence (WPV) is a serious endemic phenomenon in healthcare settings, and it has been escalating during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this cross-sectional study, healthcare workers (HCWs) (105 physicians and 104 nurses) working at two public hospitals accepting patients with COVID-19 in Egypt were included. Using a self-administered questionnaire distributed in January 2021, data about HCWs' sociodemographic and occupational characteristics and their exposure to psychological and physical WPV during the past six months were collected. The results showed that the prevalence of psychological and physical WPV was 42.6% and 9.6%, respectively. Relatives of patients were the perpetrators in most WPV incidents. HCWs did not report 57.3% of psychological and 10.0% of physical WPV incidents. Female sex, having physical contact with patients, and working rotational shifts were associated with the increased exposure to psychological and physical WPV. In conclusion, this study showed a high prevalence of WPV against HCWs in Egyptian public hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":8173,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health","volume":"77 8","pages":"621-627"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39472062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy of an estimated core temperature algorithm for agricultural workers.","authors":"Jared Egbert, Jennifer Krenz, Paul D Sampson, Jihoon Jung, Miriam Calkins, Kai Zhang, Pablo Palmández, Paul Faestel, June T Spector","doi":"10.1080/19338244.2022.2033672","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19338244.2022.2033672","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is a substantial burden of occupational health effects from heat exposure. We sought to assess the accuracy of estimated core body temperature (CBT_est) derived from an algorithm that uses sequential heart rate and initializing CBT,¹ compared with gastrointestinal temperature measured using more invasive ingestible sensors (CBT_gi), among outdoor agricultural workers. We analyzed CBT_est and CBT_gi data from Washington State, USA, pear and apple harvesters collected across one work shift in 2015 (13,413 observations, 35 participants) using Bland Altman methods. The mean (standard deviation, range) CBT_gi was 37.7 (0.4, 36.5-39.4)°C. Overall CBT bias (limits of agreement) was -0.14 (±0.76)°C. Biases ranged from -0.006 to -0.75 °C. The algorithm, which does not require the use of ingestible sensors, may be a practical tool in research among groups of workers for evaluating the effectiveness of interventions to prevent adverse occupational heat health effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":8173,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health","volume":"77 10","pages":"809-818"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a4/07/nihms-1798654.PMC9346099.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10644983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Work-related musculoskeletal disorders and injuries among emergency medical technicians and paramedics: A comprehensive narrative review.","authors":"Rivi Friedenberg,&nbsp;Leonid Kalichman,&nbsp;David Ezra,&nbsp;Oren Wacht,&nbsp;Deborah Alperovitch-Najenson","doi":"10.1080/19338244.2020.1832038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19338244.2020.1832038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this article was to review the current knowledge relating to work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMDs) and non-fatal injuries in emergency medical technicians and paramedics (EMTs-Ps). A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Clinical Key. The annual prevalence of back pain ranged from 30% to 66%, and back injuries and contusions from 4% to 43%. Falls, slips, trips, and overexertion while lifting or carrying patients or instruments ranged from 10% to 56%, with overexertion being the most common injury. Risk factors were predominantly lifting, working in awkward postures, loading patients into the ambulance, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation procedures. Lack of job satisfaction and social support was associated with WRMDs and injuries. EMTs-Ps had the highest rate of worker compensation claim rates compared to other healthcare professionals. Positive ergonomic intervention results included electrically powered stretchers, backboard wheeler, descent control system, and the transfer sling.</p>","PeriodicalId":8173,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health","volume":"77 1","pages":"9-17"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19338244.2020.1832038","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38606325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the relationship between occupational exposure to nanomaterials and symptoms of nanotechnology companies' employees.","authors":"Soqrat Omari Shekaftik,&nbsp;Farshad H Shirazi,&nbsp;Rasoul Yarahmadi,&nbsp;Mahboobeh Rasouli,&nbsp;Azadeh Ashtarinezhad","doi":"10.1080/19338244.2020.1863315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19338244.2020.1863315","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The increasing use of nanomaterials in academic and industrial environments has raised concerns about the potential effects of these materials on human and the environment. Researches have shown that occupational exposure to nanomaterials can affect employees' health. Many companies are active in the field of nanotechnology in Iran. Therefore, this study was designed and conducted to investigate the relationship between the symptoms of these companies' employees and exposure to nanomaterials.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was conducted among employees of 52 nanotechnology companies in Tehran. For this study, the employees of these companies were categorized in two groups: \"exposed\" and \"non-exposed\" to nanomaterials. Data collection tools included the NanoTool method form and a nonspecific symptom questionnaire designed and validated by a team of 19 experts in various fields. Finally, data were analyzed using SPSS.22 software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that the frequency of cutaneous (such as roughness, itching and redness), respiratory (such as cough, sneezing, and burning throat) and ocular (such as burning, itching and redness) symptoms were higher among the exposed workers to nanomaterials. Examination of the correlation between these symptoms in the two studied groups showed that symptoms with high frequency have a significant relationship with exposure to nanomaterials.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Given the high prevalence of some symptoms among the employees of the studied companies and their association with exposure to nanomaterials, it seems necessary to take control measures to reduce the exposure of employees to nanomaterials and consequently reduce the Investigated symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":8173,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health","volume":"77 3","pages":"209-218"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19338244.2020.1863315","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38744050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of the risk of COVID-19 mortality among physicians in Egypt.","authors":"Ahmed Arafa","doi":"10.1080/19338244.2021.2004986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19338244.2021.2004986","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The risk of COVID-19 mortality among physicians in Egypt has not been estimated yet. Using data from the Egyptian Ministry of Health and Population (MoHP), the Central Agency for Public Mobilization And Statistics (CAPMAS) in Egypt, and the Egyptian Medical Syndicate, this report aimed to roughly estimate this risk. We found that, up to April 28th, 2021, the deaths of physicians contributed to 3.7% of COVID-19 mortality in Egypt, and physicians were almost 19 times more likely to die of COVID-19 compared with the general population above the median age (>24.5 years). Still, this contribution could be overestimated because the MoHP might have failed to report a significant number of COVID-19 deaths among the general population.</p>","PeriodicalId":8173,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health","volume":"77 9","pages":"695-696"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39888730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The protective effects of chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) on cadmium-induced neurotoxicity in Wistar rats.","authors":"İhsan Kısadere,&nbsp;Musa Karaman,&nbsp;Mehmet Faruk Aydın,&nbsp;Nurcan Donmez,&nbsp;Mustafa Usta","doi":"10.1080/19338244.2021.2008852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19338244.2021.2008852","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) on some antioxidant and cytokine levels in the rat hippocampus as well as synaptophysin (SYP) immunoreactivity in the cerebral cortex of the cadmium (Cd) exposed rats. Thirty-two male albino Wistar rats were divided randomly into four equal groups as control (C; <i>n</i> = 8), Cd (<i>n</i> = 8), COS (<i>n</i> = 8), and Cd + COS (CdCOS; <i>n</i> = 8). The rats in the Cd and CdCOS groups received Cd chloride (CdCl₂) (2 mg/kg/d) orally by gastric gavage three times a week for 4 weeks. Besides, COS (200 mg/kg/d) was administered to COS and CdCOS groups five times a week for 4 weeks. Then, they were decapitated and hippocampal/cerebral cortex tissue samples were taken for measurement of GSH levels, CAT and SOD activities, MDA values, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 levels as well as SYP immunoreactivity. Although tissue GSH levels were determined the lowest in the Cd group, these values were attenuated with COS treatment in the CdCOS group (<i>p</i> < .01). In addition, TNF-α levels were alleviated by COS treatment in the CdCOS group when compared to Cd (<i>p</i> < .01). SYP-positive cells were investigated in the cerebral cortex and found mild in the CdCOS group. COS exhibits potential protective effects on Cd-induced neurotoxicity in rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":8173,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health","volume":"77 9","pages":"755-763"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39942506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of maternal blood lead concentration with the risk of small for gestational age: A dose-response meta-analysis.","authors":"Ahmad Habibian Sezavar,&nbsp;Bahman Pourhassan,&nbsp;Nader Rahimi Kakavandi,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Hooshangi Shayeste,&nbsp;Morteza Abyadeh","doi":"10.1080/19338244.2021.1874857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19338244.2021.1874857","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In spite of growing evidence for the negative effect of lead, knowledge about the dose-response relationship of maternal blood lead level (BLL) and the risk of small for gestational age (SGA) is limited. We performed this meta-analysis to evaluate the dose-response relation between maternal BLL and the risk of SGA. A systematic search through Embase and PubMed was performed. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. The nonlinear and linear relationships between maternal BLL and the risk of SGA were also investigated. Results from 51,065 patients showed a significant association between maternal BLL and risk of SGA in highest versus lowest analysis (OR: 1.54; 95% CI: 1.12-2.10, <i>p</i> = 0.007). While there was no association in linear dose-response (OR: 1.02; 95% CI: 1.00-1.04, <i>p</i> = 0.021) meta-analysis, a direct relationship was observed in the nonlinear model (nonlinearity <i>p</i> < 0.001). Results of this dose-response meta-analysis showed that maternal BLL higher than ∼ 0.3 µg/dL is directly associated with the risk of SGA.</p>","PeriodicalId":8173,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health","volume":"77 4","pages":"293-300"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19338244.2021.1874857","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38858362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental asbestos exposure and nonmalignant pleural findings: a retrospective evaluation of a five-year chest CT repository.","authors":"Abdulsamet Sandal,&nbsp;Seval Müzeyyen Ecin,&nbsp;Adem Koyuncu,&nbsp;Gamze Durhan,&nbsp;Meltem Gülsün Akpinar,&nbsp;Ahmet Ugur Demir,&nbsp;Lütfi Cöplü","doi":"10.1080/19338244.2021.2004987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19338244.2021.2004987","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This registry-based case-control study aimed to assess the association between asbestos deposits in the birthplace and/or residence and nonmalignant pleural findings, namely pleural plaques (PPs) and pleural thickening (PT), on chest CT scans. In total, 39,472 CT scans obtained over five years in a tertiary referral hospital in Ankara, Turkey, were evaluated. Cases involving patients with PP (n = 537), PT (n = 263), PP&PT (n = 69), and controls (n = 543) from the same study base without those conditions were included. Each case group was compared to controls using unconditional logistic regression. The presence of asbestos deposits in the district of birthplace (adjusted OR = 2.13, 95% CI: 1.35-3.37) and both birthplace and residence (aOR = 4.32, 95% CI: 2.26-8.27) was significantly related to the PPs. As the importance of environmental asbestos exposure in Turkey continues, future prospective studies could contribute to developing screening strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":8173,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health","volume":"77 9","pages":"734-743"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39653799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors for problematic alcohol use among male waste pickers and caddies in Johannesburg, South Africa: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Simbulele Mdleleni,&nbsp;Nisha Naicker,&nbsp;Felix Made,&nbsp;Vusi Ntlebi,&nbsp;Tahira Kootbodien,&nbsp;Nonhlanhla Tlotleng,&nbsp;Matimba Makhubele,&nbsp;Kerry Wilson","doi":"10.1080/19338244.2021.1879720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19338244.2021.1879720","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Informal workers may be prone to problematic substance use due to many factors, including adverse working conditions and low income. The aim of this secondary analysis was to investigate problematic alcohol use risk factors among male informal workers in Johannesburg, South Africa. Alcohol use among the two groups of informal workers in the analysis y golf caddies and waste pickers was measured using the World Health Organization (WHO) Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) tool. The WHO self-reporting questionnaire (SRQ) for common mental health disorders (CMD) was used to assess mental health. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to explore the predictors of problematic drinking in informal workers. The study consisted of 514 participants, of which 48.4% were golf caddies and 51.6%, waste pickers. Most participants were younger than 40 years (50.9%). Over half of the participants (54.7%) were alcohol consumers and 74.1% were smokers. Over 60% of the participants who were alcohol consumers had a probable drinking problem. Unstratified regression results showed that common mental distress (aOR = 1.06; 95%CI: 1.01-1.09), age: 30-40 years (aOR = 2.17; 95%CI: 1.18-3.97), smoking (aOR = 2.25; 95%CI: 1.34-3.79), and other water sources (aOR = 0.2; 95%CI: 0.04-0.99) were associated with a probable alcohol problem. Waste pickers (aOR = 0.33; 95%CI: 0.20-0.70) were less likely to be problematic drinkers compared to golf caddies. Problematic drinking in this study was common in both caddies and waste pickers along with smoking. Problematic alcohol use was associated with caddying, mental distress, age, and smoking. Measures such as providing counseling services to informal workers and improvement of working conditions may help change the behaviors of these vulnerable groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":8173,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health","volume":"77 4","pages":"309-319"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19338244.2021.1879720","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25346078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}