Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland. Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland最新文献

{"title":"Meetings and Lectures at the Society","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/S0035869X00109141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0035869X00109141","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":81727,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland. Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland","volume":"122 1","pages":"442 - 446"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0035869X00109141","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57105121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anniversary Meeting","authors":"- -","doi":"10.1017/s0035869x00109153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0035869x00109153","url":null,"abstract":"At the Anniversary meeting the Annual Report was delivered covering topics such as Membership, Meetings, the activities of the Society and publications. The Treasurer also presented the report on the Society’s finances and the Editor’s Report on the Society’s publication. The Council for the following session was elected, as were new applicants for Fellowship. A list of Fellows who died during 2002-2003 is included. The President's Address was then delivered.","PeriodicalId":81727,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland. Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland","volume":"122 1","pages":"447 - 455"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/s0035869x00109153","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57105223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Qum: the evolution of a medieval city","authors":"A. Lambton","doi":"10.1017/S0035869X00108573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0035869X00108573","url":null,"abstract":"The history of Qum exhibits a number of features common to urban and rural life in central Persia over the centuries. It also contains features which differentiate it from other towns. Today it is known as a shrine town, but this has not always been its exclusive character. It has had a complex and varied history. In medieval times it was not distinguished from the countryside around it by the existence of a civic identity, any more than were other cities. It bore the same name as the surrounding region. Qum designated both the city and the province of which it was the centre and from which it was not administratively distinct.","PeriodicalId":81727,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland. Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland","volume":"122 1","pages":"322 - 339"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0035869X00108573","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57101072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Great Islamic encyclopaedia (Dā'irat al-ma‘ārit-i buzurg-i Islāmī) . Vol. I: Āb – Āli dāvūd. Edited by Kazem Musavi Bojnurdi. pp. xxiv, 714, illus., maps. Tehran, Markaz-i dā'irat al-ma'ārif-i buzurg-i Islāmī, 1367/1989 (Persian version).","authors":"Charles Melville","doi":"10.1017/S0035869X00108664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0035869X00108664","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":81727,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland. Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland","volume":"36 1","pages":"383 - 384"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0035869X00108664","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57102319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Latins and Greeks in the Eastern Mediterranean after 1204 . Edited by Benjamin Arbel, Bernard Hamilton and David Jacoby. pp. viii, 245. London and Totowa, N.J., Frank Cass, 1989. £18.00.","authors":"P. Edbury","doi":"10.1017/S0035869X00108718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0035869X00108718","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":81727,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland. Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland","volume":"122 1","pages":"389 - 390"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0035869X00108718","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57102648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Vedic origins of karma: cosmos as man in ancient Indian myth and ritual . By Herman W. Tull. (SUNY Series in Hindu Studies.) pp. x, 181, Albany, N.Y., State University of New York Press, 1989.","authors":"K. Werner","doi":"10.1017/S0035869X00108809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0035869X00108809","url":null,"abstract":"He ruled, but did not reign; his decrees were issued in the name of his shadow-khans, first Soyurghatmish and then Sultan Mahmud. It is stated in a note (p. 184, n. 63) that Temiir's later biographer Sharaf al-DIn Yazdl, in contrast with the slightly earlier Nizam-i ShamI, systematically expunged all references to these titular Chinggisid rulers. Manz appears unconsciously to have followed him, since her book contains only a few unspecific allusions to the two khans and neither is at any point named. But how insignificant were they? Chinggisid princes doubtless still had their own warbands even in the 1360s: it is worth noticing that ShamI (Zafar-nama, ed. Tauer, I, 38), speaking of Soyurghatmish (the son of a former khan, Danishmandcha: Mu'izz al-ansab, Paris MS., fo. 43) a few years prior to his enthronement, describes him as \"one of the great emirs\". And the khan's status at the turn of the century may well have been underestimated. Barthold (Four studies on the history of Central Asia, II, 25) saw \"no evidence that Timur had at any time rendered honours to the khans in the presence of the troops and in solemn surroundings\". According to a French observer writing in 1403, however, Temiir made a point of visiting the \"emperor\" once a year and showing him honour; though he does add that after performing this duty Temiir paid his sovereign little heed (H. Moranville, \"Memoire sur Tamerlan et sa cour\", Bibliotheque de VEcole des Charles, LV, 1894, 445). Yet far from languidly residing in Samarqand in the effete style of some latter-day Merovingian, Sultan Mahmud accompanied Temiir on campaigns against the Golden Horde, the Delhi Sultanate and Mamluk Syria (Hookham, pp. 137, 191, 225); and in the battle of Ankara he played an active role, pursuing and capturing the Ottoman Sultan Bayezid (M. M. Alexandrescu-Dersca, La campagne de Timur en Anatolie (1402), Bucharest, 1942, 79-80). One shadow Chinggisid sovereign, at least, seems to have repaid Temiir's hollow deference if such it was with interest.","PeriodicalId":81727,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland. Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland","volume":"122 1","pages":"401 - 402"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0035869X00108809","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57103905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The iconography and ritual of Śiva at Elephanta. By Charles Dillard Collins, pp. xvi, 331, 90 figs., map. Albany, N.Y., State University of New York Press, 1988. US $49.50 (cloth), US $19.95 (paperback).","authors":"A. Gaur","doi":"10.1017/S0035869X00108810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0035869X00108810","url":null,"abstract":"(Purusa-Prajapati), a mythical feat which was first articulated in the Rg Veda 10,90. Every great sacrificial ritual replicates this cosmogonic event and in the Brahmana texts this idea was propounded as the foundation of the entire Vedic ritual corpus. Theoretically every sacrificial ritual should therefore involve the self-sacrifice of the sacrificer himself, but in practice a substitute victim is offered and the performance of the sacrifice is entrusted to ritual specialists (priests) who, of course, obtain a sacrificial gift (daksina) for the service. The sacrificer thus avoids actual death, but undergoes it symbolically; yet he reaps the benefit of this (ritual) karmic process in his life. His actual death marked by funeral rites is then the final sacrifice, this time without substitution, and leads to rebirth in heaven. One cannot help feeling rather uneasy about this interpretation. According to the author the only distinction between the early Upanisads and the Brahmanas lies mainly in the concern of the latter with the attainment of the ritual world (and the benefits it brings), while the former look outward to the larger cosmos and the higher realms which the actual death of the correctly ritually cremated sacrificer opens to his experience; the basic principle of attainment through the correctness of ritual action is the same. The author may be right in stressing that there is no real breach between the Brahmanas with their ritual outlook and the early Upanisads substituting for that outlook a sudden emergence of the ethically orientated karma doctrine. The ritual connotations do linger on in the Upanisads within the newly formulated karma doctrine and were got rid of only in some schools of radical renunciates (and in early Buddhism). But it is quite wrong to deny ethical meaning to the early Upanisadic formulations of the karma doctrine, e.g. to Yajnavalkya's dictum that \"one becomes good by good action and bad by bad action\" and relate them purely to the Brahmanic world of correct or bungled ritual action. Awareness of the ethical dimension of the karmic process, along with its ritual one, was already present even in Rgvedic understanding where heaven was promised not only to those who brought sacrificial offerings, but also to those who sacrificed their lives in battle as well as to those who developed spiritual fervour (tapas; RV 10,154,2-5) and to those who chose to act in an orderly way (RV 10,14,8) and knew the law {rtajfia; RV 10,15,1), while the wicked and unrighteous ones (pdpasdh, anrtdh, RV 4,5,5) were destined for hell. Not even the Brahmanas are totally devoid of the ethical connotation of the karma doctrine (as hinted at in Satapatha Brahmana 11,5,6,9). The author failed to consider the topic of the karma doctrine (which, connected with the rebirth or reincarnation doctrine, is Indo-European and predates the creation of the Vedic ritual) in the light of the now well-established principle of multi-level meaning of the Ve","PeriodicalId":81727,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland. Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland","volume":"122 1","pages":"402 - 403"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0035869X00108810","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57103931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding peasant China: case studies in the philosophy of social sciences. By Daniel Little, pp. xi, 322, 6 figs., 6 maps. New Haven and London, Yale University Press, 1989. US $36.00, £25.00.","authors":"E. Croll","doi":"10.1017/S0035869X00109098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0035869X00109098","url":null,"abstract":"examining their narrative accounts of historical events, rational choice explanations of large-scale political phenomena, causal explanations of social phenomena based on material factors and explanations of large- scale historical patterns based on general equilibrium models, the China such social","PeriodicalId":81727,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland. Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland","volume":"122 1","pages":"433 - 434"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0035869X00109098","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57104890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lordship and inheritance in early medieval Japan: a study of the Kamakura sōryō system. By Jeffrey P. Mass. pp. xii, 332, map. Stanford, Calif., Stanford University Press, 1989. US $38.50.","authors":"A. Smith","doi":"10.1017/S0035869X00109104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0035869X00109104","url":null,"abstract":"examining their narrative accounts of historical events, rational choice explanations of large-scale political phenomena, causal explanations of social phenomena based on material factors and explanations of large- scale historical patterns based on general equilibrium models, the China such social","PeriodicalId":81727,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland. Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland","volume":"122 1","pages":"434 - 436"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0035869X00109104","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57104918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tea in Japan: essays on the history of Chanoyu. Edited by Paul Varley and Kumakura Isao. pp. xi, 285, 8 col. pl., 16 bl. and wh. pl. Honolulu, University of Hawaii Press, 1989. US $25.00.","authors":"D. Macfarlane","doi":"10.1017/S0035869X00109128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0035869X00109128","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":81727,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland. Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland","volume":"122 1","pages":"438 - 438"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0035869X00109128","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57105025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}