{"title":"Into the wild blue yonder: On the emergence of the ethnoneurologies—the social science-based neurologies and the philosophy-based neurologies","authors":"Warren D. TenHouten","doi":"10.1016/0140-1750(91)90013-G","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0140-1750(91)90013-G","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The development of cognitive science and neuroscience has stimulated the emergence of social science-based and philosophy-based neurosciences. A classification of the neurosciences is presented. The new neurosciences are viewed as ethnoneurologies, having as their common object the study of brain—in neurophysiological, neuroelectrical, neurochemical, and other functioning as related to mental level of experience and to structures, arrangements, and processes in the social world. This approach focuses not on how people perceive the brain, but rather on the uses they make of brain. Thus, the ethnoneurologies refer to a closely related family of interdisciplinary, neurocognitive fields of inquiry. The behavioral science based neurosciences—neurocommunications, neuroethology, neurolinguistics, and neuropsychology—contain within themselves topics, problems, and levels of analysis that are ethnoneurological, although not defined as ethnoneurologies. The social science based ethnoneurologies are neurosociology, neuroanthropology, neuropolitics, and neuroeconomics. The philosophy/humanities based ethnoneurologies include neurophilosophy, neuroaesthetics, neuroepistemology, neurophenomenology, and neuro-ontology. An ethnoneurological perspective provides a strategy for resolving the culture-and-cognition paradox, according to which (i) cultural differences are viewed as variations in the expression of universal human mentation, and (ii) such cultural differences reflect qualitatively different cognitive structures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":81696,"journal":{"name":"Journal of social and biological structures","volume":"14 4","pages":"Pages 381-408"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0140-1750(91)90013-G","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"53490859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Manufacture of evil: Ethics, evolution and the industrial system by Lionel Tiger. New York: Harper & Row, 1987, 345 pp","authors":"H. Caton","doi":"10.1016/0140-1750(91)90034-N","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0140-1750(91)90034-N","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":81696,"journal":{"name":"Journal of social and biological structures","volume":"22 1","pages":"106-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0140-1750(91)90034-N","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"53491164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Objective Morality","authors":"Robin Allott","doi":"10.1016/0140-1750(91)90016-J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0140-1750(91)90016-J","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An objective basis for morality can be found in an evolutionary account of its origin and development. Morality is a key factor in the success of human groups in competition or co-existence with one another. A group's moral code represents an increasingly rational pattern of behavior derived from the collective experience of the group handed down from generation to generation. Group selection is a controversial idea for animal evolution but it is inescapable in accounting for human evolution under the influence of language and the accumulation of cultural patterns. Further, morality has an objective physiological and neurological basis in so far as it exists to moderate the expression of the array of genetically-derived emotional patterns. Emotions represent the combination of action tendencies (neural motor programs) with physiologically-derived affective concomitants. The relation between emotion, empathy, and morality is important. Empathy (a special form of perception still largely unexplained) has a key role both in the formation and cohesion of human groups and in the observance within groups of a moral code. Ultimately observance of moral rules depends on recognition by each individual of an integrating purpose in his/her life. In so far as the moral code is directed towards achieving this integrating purpose, morality for the individual becomes objective.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":81696,"journal":{"name":"Journal of social and biological structures","volume":"14 4","pages":"Pages 455-471"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0140-1750(91)90016-J","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137080071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Index to volume 1","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/0140-1750(91)90018-L","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0140-1750(91)90018-L","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":81696,"journal":{"name":"Journal of social and biological structures","volume":"14 4","pages":"Pages 489-492"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0140-1750(91)90018-L","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137080072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Paternity, jokes, and song: A possible evolutionary scenario for the origin of language and mind","authors":"James Cooke Brown , William Greenhood","doi":"10.1016/0140-1750(91)90003-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0140-1750(91)90003-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The nature of modern language and human sexuality, combined with G. H. Mead's 1934 conjecture that the existence of human minds presupposes prelinguistical progenitors who had become “objects to themselves,” allows construction of a sociobiological model of the evolution of mind and language from <em>Australopithecus</em> to modern humanity. The model has an early and long stage characterized by short metaphorical utterances delivered in the cadences of song, and a recent stage initiated by the emergence of grammar characterized by staccato speech and potentially long utterances. We argue that grammar enabled the disambiguation of long utterances and led to a compensatory increase in the rate at which they were delivered; this in turn led to phonemicization and encephalization. A solution to the problem of duality is also offered. The hyperstability of Lower Paleolithic tool-kits is explained as a by-product of the mimetic transmission of the first stage protolanguage, many features of which are retained in similarly mimetic features of contemporary speech. Modern ceaseless, rational invention, apparent since the Upper Paleolithic, is explained as a by-product of grammar and the resultant emergence of “ideons,” or manipulable ideas. A three-component model of human evolution is offered in which a coevolutionary interaction among genes, memes, and ideons may be capable of explaining many puzzling features of the human condition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":81696,"journal":{"name":"Journal of social and biological structures","volume":"14 3","pages":"Pages 255-309"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0140-1750(91)90003-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74360336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The phenomenon of a discovery: The unity of a new science and the perennial wisdom","authors":"Arthur Fabel","doi":"10.1016/0140-1750(91)90021-H","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0140-1750(91)90021-H","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":81696,"journal":{"name":"Journal of social and biological structures","volume":"14 1","pages":"Pages 1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0140-1750(91)90021-H","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"53490920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Beyond dynamical systems","authors":"Robert Rosen","doi":"10.1016/0140-1750(91)90337-P","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0140-1750(91)90337-P","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":81696,"journal":{"name":"Journal of social and biological structures","volume":"14 2","pages":"Pages 217-220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0140-1750(91)90337-P","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"53491513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Naturalizing Barham's Poincaréan evolutionary pragmatism","authors":"David Stump","doi":"10.1016/0140-1750(91)90277-W","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0140-1750(91)90277-W","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":81696,"journal":{"name":"Journal of social and biological structures","volume":"14 2","pages":"Pages 204-208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0140-1750(91)90277-W","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"53491395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mind atLarge: Knowing in the technological age","authors":"David G. Hays","doi":"10.1016/0140-1750(91)90030-T","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0140-1750(91)90030-T","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":81696,"journal":{"name":"Journal of social and biological structures","volume":"14 1","pages":"Pages 97-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0140-1750(91)90030-T","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91724653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evolutionary politics by Glendon Schubert. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press, 1989, xvii + 399 pp., $39.95 (cloth), $19.95 (paper)","authors":"J. Losco","doi":"10.1016/0140-1750(91)90032-L","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0140-1750(91)90032-L","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":81696,"journal":{"name":"Journal of social and biological structures","volume":"14 1","pages":"101-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0140-1750(91)90032-L","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"53491130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}