Journal of Eastern African research & development最新文献_第2页

Journal of Eastern African research & development Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5325/jafrideve.24.2.0253

Evelyn F. Wamboye

引用次数: 0

Income Diversification and Agricultural Intensification of Rural Households in Nigeria: Synergies and Tradeoffs 尼日利亚农村家庭收入多样化与农业集约化:协同效应与权衡

Journal of Eastern African research & development Pub Date : 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.5325/jafrideve.23.1.0112

A. Iraoya, A. Isinika

引用次数: 4

Women's Land Ownership and Household Income Diversification Patterns in Malawi 马拉维妇女土地所有权和家庭收入多样化模式

Journal of Eastern African research & development Pub Date : 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.5325/jafrideve.23.1.0058

Marya Hillesland, H. Swaminathan, C. Grown

{"title":"Women's Land Ownership and Household Income Diversification Patterns in Malawi","authors":"Marya Hillesland, H. Swaminathan, C. Grown","doi":"10.5325/jafrideve.23.1.0058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jafrideve.23.1.0058","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study investigates the association between women's land ownership within households and household income diversification in rural communities in Malawi in 1995, a period when households faced several welfare shocks due to weather and policy changes. Evidence suggests that diversification is positively associated with greater resilience of poor rural households, particularly when the diversification is in activities outside of agriculture. While studies have explored the relationship between household asset ownership and income diversification, little is known about the gender dimensions underlying these patterns, including the relationship between men and women's asset ownership and household diversification. Using a unique data set with detailed information on household income sources and individual-level information on land ownership, our study finds that in households where women own at least a small amount of land benefit by having a greater household total income diversification. Additionally, while the number of income sources is similar for couple households and female-headed households after controlling for diverse factors, the types of activities differ between the two. The findings suggest that promoting female land ownership in Malawi could indirectly contribute to households' greater security in the face of unfavourable conditions via household diversification of income sources.","PeriodicalId":81652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eastern African research & development","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76697592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Macroeconomic Performance, Exchange Rate Dynamics, and Short-Run Policies in Burundi 布隆迪的宏观经济表现、汇率动态和短期政策

Journal of Eastern African research & development Pub Date : 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.5325/jafrideve.23.1.0035

J. Nganou, Sulaiman Nyanzi

引用次数: 1

Exploring the Dynamics of Inter-Household Consumption Inequality in Ghana 探讨加纳家庭间消费不平等的动态

Journal of Eastern African research & development Pub Date : 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.5325/jafrideve.23.1.0087

N. Owoo, R. Osei

{"title":"Exploring the Dynamics of Inter-Household Consumption Inequality in Ghana","authors":"N. Owoo, R. Osei","doi":"10.5325/jafrideve.23.1.0087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jafrideve.23.1.0087","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The lack of distinctive constructs for poverty and inequality often makes it difficult, if not impossible, to assess both of these economic welfare outcomes clearly and independently. In this article, we propose the use of household expenditure deviations as a proxy for inter-household consumption inequality. By means of this novel construct, we are able to model the correlates of poverty and inequality separately, using a panel dataset for Ghana. We find four different cases of correlations for household poverty and inequality. While some factors are associated with both increasing poverty and inequality, such as male headship and belonging to traditionalist religions, other factors are associated with decreasing poverty and inequality, such as higher education, employment, and the provision of social safety nets. Perhaps more interestingly, some factors are associated with increasing (decreasing) poverty but decreasing (increasing) inequality. These findings allow greater policy concentration on not just poverty, as has been the case in many developing countries, but also on inequality. We conclude that it would be important to design more nuanced interventions, therefore, to ensure that both welfare outcomes—poverty and inequality—are satisfactorily and simultaneously achieved.","PeriodicalId":81652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eastern African research & development","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79380271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

COVID-19, Trade Disruptions, and Gender: A Survey of the Potential Interactions and Consequences for Economic Development in Sub-Saharan Africa 2019冠状病毒病、贸易中断和性别:撒哈拉以南非洲经济发展的潜在相互作用和后果调查

Journal of Eastern African research & development Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5325/jafrideve.23.2.0347

P. Panda

{"title":"COVID-19, Trade Disruptions, and Gender: A Survey of the Potential Interactions and Consequences for Economic Development in Sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"P. Panda","doi":"10.5325/jafrideve.23.2.0347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jafrideve.23.2.0347","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic is expected to significantly reduce trade flows due to global trade restrictions and economic lockdowns. The impact of a trade disruption is, however, not gender neutral. In developing countries, women form the majority of low-skilled and labor-intensive jobs in the export sector that are most affected by the pandemic. This article is based on a literature review that explores research on the gendered implications of trade on economic development. It also discusses the effects of previous epidemics on health and human capital in Africa. It outlines the various channels through which a pandemic-induced trade shock could have and has had ripple effects on African women. It provides some early evidence on the gendered impact of the current pandemic. Analysis of the literature reviewed highlights the importance of collecting and using gender-disaggregated trade data to devise socioeconomic and export trade policies in the short-term and long-term to protect vulnerable populations including women. The article concludes that the pandemic can be used as an opportunity for sub-Saharan Africa countries to build back better after COVID-19 by strengthening intraregional trade through the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA), investing in removal of gender-specific barriers facing female traders and entrepreneurs, and promoting gender mainstreaming in trade to drive sustainable development and sow the seeds of future resilience.","PeriodicalId":81652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eastern African research & development","volume":"136 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89349254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Keeping More Achievers in School: Short-Term Enrollment and Achievement Effects of Free Primary Education in the Benin Republic 让更多的优等生留在学校:贝宁共和国免费初等教育的短期入学和成就效应

Journal of Eastern African research & development Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5325/jafrideve.23.2.0241

Gbetonmasse B. Somasse

{"title":"Keeping More Achievers in School: Short-Term Enrollment and Achievement Effects of Free Primary Education in the Benin Republic","authors":"Gbetonmasse B. Somasse","doi":"10.5325/jafrideve.23.2.0241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jafrideve.23.2.0241","url":null,"abstract":"With the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), several African governments are making education free as part of their strategies to achieve universal primary education. In 2006, the Benin government adopted a Free Primary Education (FPE) policy, abolishing parent-paid tuition fees and increasing resources towards schools. In this article, the author examines whether or not this policy reduced the wealth and gender gap and prior geographical disparities in educational outcomes. Also evaluated is whether expanded access to education affected student achievement. The methodology used was a difference-in-differences approach that relied on pre-policy differences in dropout rates across municipalities to identify the effects of the policy. Analyzing municipality and household-level data, the author found evidence that the fee elimination policy reduced inequality of access by increasing school completion rates for traditionally disadvantaged groups, which included girls and low-income populations. The increased enrollment also had no significant adverse effect on student achievement as measured by the probability of passing the primary school exit exam. Moreover, the policy potentially helped low-performing municipalities narrow the achievement gap by retaining more high-achieving students, who would otherwise have dropped out of the education system. If strategies such as making schooling more affordable and available are enough to narrow educational disparities and retain more high-achieving students in the education system with potentially positive peer effects, then Benin’s experience may have important policy implications for other African and developing countries that use similar education strategies.","PeriodicalId":81652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eastern African research & development","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85803900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Promoting Health, Human Capital, and Gender Issues in Africa 促进非洲的健康、人力资本和性别问题

Journal of Eastern African research & development Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5325/jafrideve.23.2.0133

L. Dunn, Abidemi Omolara Fasanmi

{"title":"Promoting Health, Human Capital, and Gender Issues in Africa","authors":"L. Dunn, Abidemi Omolara Fasanmi","doi":"10.5325/jafrideve.23.2.0133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jafrideve.23.2.0133","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the urgent need to reduce social, economic, political, and environmental inequalities that undermine commitments to human rights and the UN Sustainable Development Goals. The crisis has created opportunities to create more equitable, inclusive, and sustainable models of economic development that are linked to social and environmental factors. This introduction to the Special Issue on Health, Human Capital, and Gender Issues in Africa, provides a multidisciplinary review of the literature. It establishes a global, regional, and national framework to understand and interpret the three themes and the articles that were submitted. It shares the many development challenges in Africa, prior to and since the COVID-19 pandemic, but also highlights the many innovations, policy initiatives, and perspectives of African countries and African institutions, as well as multilateral and other development partners. Authors of the eight articles have provided valuable insights into the multidimensional challenges facing several African countries using diverse methodologies. Their research and recommendations serve as a guide to policy makers, researchers, and development practitioners in various disciplines and sectors, to find policy solutions that are rights-based, gender-sensitive, equitable, and sustainable.","PeriodicalId":81652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eastern African research & development","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91174309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Women’s Decision-Making and Movement Autonomy in Tanzania 坦桑尼亚妇女的决策和运动自主权

Journal of Eastern African research & development Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5325/jafrideve.23.2.0322

Emmanuel Maliti

{"title":"Women’s Decision-Making and Movement Autonomy in Tanzania","authors":"Emmanuel Maliti","doi":"10.5325/jafrideve.23.2.0322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jafrideve.23.2.0322","url":null,"abstract":"Women, like men, maintain simultaneous membership in the household, the conjugal unit, the community, and at the individual levels. Using the latest 2015/2016 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS), which is nationally representative, this study incorporates well-supported covariates in the existing literature in a multivariate regression analysis, to measure the relative importance of four domains of factors hypothesized to affect women’s autonomy in household decision-making. These factors are (1) women’s individual characteristics, (2) husband’s/partner’s characteristics, (3) household characteristics, and (4) community-level characteristics. Women’s autonomy was confirmed to be low in Tanzania, more so for the decision authority in purchasing large household items than authority around their own healthcare, decisions to visit family and friends, and the use of their own earnings. Research findings show that women with greater autonomy are more likely to be older, educated, earn their own income, be cohabitating, live in polygamous situations, reside in urban areas, and be married to educated husbands/partners with a higher socioeconomic status. In addition, the study results provide some insight into intrahousehold dynamics, acknowledging the disadvantaged position of women in extended families compared to women in nuclear households. The study results directly inform the Sustainable Development Goals’ (SDGs) monitoring indicators—particularly on the proportion of women with autonomy in decision-making, an indicator under SDG no. 5 and inform education-related policy recommendations.","PeriodicalId":81652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eastern African research & development","volume":"446 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76709310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Intrahousehold Gender Relations and Child Labor and Schooling in Rural Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚农村家庭内性别关系与童工和学校教育

Journal of Eastern African research & development Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5325/jafrideve.23.2.0272

B. Dito

{"title":"Intrahousehold Gender Relations and Child Labor and Schooling in Rural Ethiopia","authors":"B. Dito","doi":"10.5325/jafrideve.23.2.0272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jafrideve.23.2.0272","url":null,"abstract":"Child labor and low schooling of children are still serious issues in many developing countries and finding a breakthrough to substantially reduce these phenomena are urgent according to the International Labor Organization (ILO). This study investigated how child labor and schooling vary with intrahousehold gender relations in rural Ethiopia, using data from the 2009 Ethiopian Rural Household Survey (ERHS). The sample includes 1,922 children between the ages of 5 and 15 years in 755 households. Indicators are used to measure mothers’ and fathers’ roles on various tasks within a household. The study examines how the distribution of gender relations within a household influences children’s time use in schooling and labor activities. One innovation used in the study is the construction of intrahousehold gender relations on a continuum. The findings indicate that balanced intrahousehold relations and gender roles between parents increase the chances of both boys and girls going to school while reducing the hours they spend on domestic work. Findings from the other covariates point to the gendered processes behind human capital formation in rural Ethiopia, which warrant separate investigations of boys’ and girls’ labor and schooling activities.","PeriodicalId":81652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eastern African research & development","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72530897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0