Janus; revue internationale de l'histoire des sciences, de la medecine, de la pharmacie, et de la technique最新文献

{"title":"Rekonstruksi Identitas Individu pada Sisa Rangka Manusia-Tanpa Konteks dari Kesihan (Kesian) Bali: Studi Paleopatologis","authors":"Ashwin Prayudi, R. Suriyanto","doi":"10.22146/janus.v1i1.6923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/janus.v1i1.6923","url":null,"abstract":"Tulisan ini melaporkan hasil kajian untuk mengenali identitas individu pada sisa-sisa manusia yang ditemukan tanpa konteks di Kesihan, Bali. Identifikasi yang dilakukan meliputi jenis kelamin, umur ketika mati, penyakit, bukti kebudayaan dan pengaruh lingkungan terhadap individu. Kajian ini menggunakan metode analisis makroskopis dan paleopatologis untuk mendapatkan petunjuk morfologis. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa individu ini adalah seorang perempuan berumur antara 40-50 tahun ketika mati. Bagian incisivus maksila berbentuk seperti sekop yang merupakan penanda ras Mongoloid. Gigi geliginya menunjukkan adanya hipoplasia enamel, karies, dan kebiasaan mengunyah pinang sirih. Adanya dental chipping, atrisi yang berat dan cekungan pada occlusal premolar menunjukkan bahwa individu ini mempunyai kebiasaan menggigit benda berbentuk tabung kecil dan panjang dalam hidup kesehariannya. Terdapat bukti modifikasi pada gigi incisivus dengan pengikiran keempat sisinya, yang kini sudah tidak lagi dilakukan di Bali. Tentunya, individu ini hidup dalam lingkungan budaya Bali Kuno. \u0000=== \u0000The study reported in this article aims to reveal individual identity of human remains discovered without any context in Kesihan (or Kesian), Bali, Indonesia. The identification includes sex, age at death, diseases, as well as cultural and environmental aspects of the individual. This study used macroscopic and palaeo-pathological analysis. The result shows that this individual is a 40-50 years old female. She has shoveled-teeth indicating her Mongoloid racial affinities. The teeth bear evidence of caries, enamel hypoplasia, and betel chewing marks. The occurrence of dental chipping, heavy attrition, and indentation on the occlusal premolar indicates that the individual used to bite something small, long, and tubular in her daily activities. The incisors show tooth-modification by dental filing on the four sides which is currently not practiced in Bali. Apparently, the individual belongs to the ancient Balinese culture.","PeriodicalId":81614,"journal":{"name":"Janus; revue internationale de l'histoire des sciences, de la medecine, de la pharmacie, et de la technique","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83119680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Problematika Sumberdaya Arkeologi Perkotaan: Studi Kasus Kota Lama Kendari","authors":"Amaluddin Sope","doi":"10.22146/janus.v1i1.7015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/janus.v1i1.7015","url":null,"abstract":"Tulisan ini berangkat dari keprihatinan terhadap sumberdaya arkeologi di kawasan kota lama Kendari yang saat ini terancam kelestariannya akibat pesatnya perkembangan kota. Sejumlah faktor penyebab keadaan itu terjadi diidentifikasikan dan didiskusikan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi dan penelusuran sumber pustaka. Hasilnya dianalisis dalam konteks yang lebih luas untuk dapat memberikan gambaran fenomena yang sesungguhnya  terjadi.  Rupanya, faktor manusia  memainkan peran penting dalam musnahnya sumberdaya arkeologi di kawasan kota lama Kendari, baik karena ketidaktahuan, pengabaian, maupun kebijakan. Keadaan ini diperburuk dengan adanya hambatan dalam pelestariannya, yaitu belum adanya penetapan Cagar Budaya dan Tim Ahli Cagar Budaya. Kajian ini menyarankan sejumlah langkah pelestarian untuk segera dilakukan: (a) penetapan cagar budaya dengan batas delineasinya, (b) rumuskan kebijakan pelestarian kawasan melalui RTRWK, (c) melakukan zonasi, (d) pelibatan masyarakat, (e) sosialisasi UU No 11 tahun 2010 tentang Cagar Budaya dan turunannya, dan (f) pembentukan lembaga pengelola beranggotakan pemangku kepentingan.  \u0000=== \u0000This paper was written out of concerns about archaeological resources in the old town of Kendari which are currently under threat due to the rapid development. Here, factors causing this situation are identified and discussed. The data were collected through observation and library study, then analyzed to provide an overview of what actually occurred. Apparently, human factor played an important role in the loss of archaeological resources in Kendari, either due to ignorance, neglect or policy. This situation is exacerbated by obstacles in its preservation, namely the absence of a cultural heritage designation and the heritage expert team that is responsible for drafting heritage recommendation. This study suggests a number of conservation means to be carried out immediately: (a) establishing cultural heritage with its delineation limits, (b) formulating an area conservation policy through the RTRWK, (c) zoning, (d) involving the community, (e) socializing Cultural Conservation Law and its derivatives, and (f) the establishment of a participatory management body.","PeriodicalId":81614,"journal":{"name":"Janus; revue internationale de l'histoire des sciences, de la medecine, de la pharmacie, et de la technique","volume":"107 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83725284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perekaman Tiga Dimensi (3D) Benda Hasil Budaya Menggunakan Telepon Pintar: Studi Kasus Arca Dewi Laksmi di Madiun","authors":"Goenawan A Sambodo","doi":"10.22146/janus.v1i1.6599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/janus.v1i1.6599","url":null,"abstract":"Kepedulian masyarakat terhadap pelestarian warisan budaya sekarang ini semakin besar. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan semakin banyaknya komunitas pemerhati warisan budaya yang secara aktif mendatangi situs-situs arkeologi. Namun, tidak jarang komunitas tersebut tidak tahu bagaimana mereka dapat membantu proses pelestarian warisan budaya secara lebih efektif. Artikel ini mencoba menawarkan salah satu kegiatan partisipasi yang dapat dilakukan komunitas, khususnya dalam perekaman dan dokumentasi warisan budaya. Dokumentasi yang dimaksud adalah perekaman tiga dimensi (3D) menggunakan telepon pintar. Proses perekaman dan pengolahan data berdasarkan pada studi kasus perekaman arca Dewi Laksmi dari Madiun. Hasil perekaman arca berupa arsip digital 3D yang jelas, akurat, dan mudah dimanfaatkan. Selain dapat membantu pihak berwenang untuk mendokumentasikan warisan budaya, rekaman yang dihasilkan dapat dimanfaatkan untuk rekonstruksi benda yang sudah tidak lengkap, dikembangkan menjadi bahan pembelajaran, serta penyebaran informasi secara cepat dan mudah. Komunitas juga akan dapat menjalin kerjasama yang erat dengan pihak berwenang dalam pelestarian warisan budaya.  \u0000=== \u0000Recently, public attention for the preservation of cultural heritage has increased. This is evidenced by the increasing number of heritage enthusiasts who are actively visiting archaeological sites. However, these communities are often unaware on how they can help to preserve the cultural heritage more effectively. This article offers a participatory activity that can be carried out by the community to help preservation effort, especially in the recording and documentation of cultural heritage, namely three-dimensional (3D) recording using a smartphone. The procedure proposed here is based on a case study in recording the Lakshmi statue from Madiun. It is proven to be able to produce clear, accurate, and easy-to-use 3D recordings. As well as being able to assist the authorities in documenting cultural heritage objects, the 3D record can be used for the reconstruction of objects that are no longer complete, developed into learning materials, and dissemination of cultural heritage information quickly and easily. In this way, the community will be able to establish closer cooperation with the authorities and other parties in preserving cultural heritage.","PeriodicalId":81614,"journal":{"name":"Janus; revue internationale de l'histoire des sciences, de la medecine, de la pharmacie, et de la technique","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88214631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arca Pendeta Buddha di Indonesia","authors":"Rendy Aditya Putra Ertrisia, Galih Sekar Jati Nagari","doi":"10.22146/janus.v1i1.7371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/janus.v1i1.7371","url":null,"abstract":"Dalam penelitian terdahulu, temuan arca-arca pendeta Buddha di Jawa Timur selalu diidentifikasi sebagai perwujudan Raja Kṛtanāgara . Namun, ternyata arca serupa juga terdapat di Jawa Tengah dan berasal dari masa lebih awal, sehingga menimbulkan pertanyaan apakah arca serupa juga dapat dikaitkan dengan tokoh tertentu? Tulisan ini mendiskusikan permasalahan tersebut dengan melakukan kajian kembali terhadap sejumlah arca pendeta Buddha baik di Jawa Tengah maupun di Jawa Timur. Kajian dilakukan dengan pendekatan ikonografi dan ikonologi. Hasil kajian memperlihatkan bahwa tokoh pendeta Buddha diarcakan mirip dengan tokoh Tathāgata atau Buddha, tetapi tanpa atribut khas Tathagatha yaitu ūrṇā, uṣṇīṣa, rambut ikal, serta padmāsana.  Penggambaran ini dimaksudkan untuk menunjukkan sifat kemanusiaannya. Selain itu, apabila di Jawa Timur arca pendeta Buddha dapat dikaitkan dengan tokoh Kṛtanāgara , arca pendeta Buddha di Jawa Tengah hanya dapat ditafsirkan secara umum sebagai perwujudan pendeta Buddha tertinggi, guru, atau arhat, dan belum dapat diidentifikasikan dengan tokoh sejarah tertentu. \u0000=== \u0000In previous research statues of Buddhist priests found in East Java are interpreted as the embodiment of King Kṛtanāgara . In fact, similar statues are also discovered in Central Java from an earlier period. This raises the question whether these statues can indeed be associated with certain historical figures? This article addresses this issue by conducting a review of several statues of Buddhist priests in Central and East Java using an iconographic and iconological approach. The study showed that a Buddhist priest would be sculpted in a form similar to the Tathāgata or Buddha figure, but without his distinctive attributes, namely ūrṇā, uṣṇīṣa, curly hair and padmāsana. This depiction is meant to show his human nature. If in East Java statues of Buddhist priests can be associated with Kṛtanāgara , then similar statues in Central Java can only be interpreted in general as the embodiment of the highest Buddhist priest, guru or arhat.","PeriodicalId":81614,"journal":{"name":"Janus; revue internationale de l'histoire des sciences, de la medecine, de la pharmacie, et de la technique","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83370316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Online Digital Photography of Ancient Indonesian Statues for Research Purposes","authors":"Ahmad Kholdun Ibnu Sholah","doi":"10.22146/janus.v1i1.7414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/janus.v1i1.7414","url":null,"abstract":"Selama masa pandemic Covid-19, penghentian kegiatan dan penutupan fasilitas telah membatasi kunjungan ke museum dan situs arkeologi. Keadaan ini sangat berdampak pada peneliti yang harus mengobservasi objek kajiannya, misalnya patung. Sebagai alternatif, foto patung yang disebarluaskan secara daring dapat menjadi solusi masalah ini. Dalam tulisan ini akan dibahas tiga hal terkait hal ini.  Pertama, tinjauan terhadap kajian patung kuno di masa lalu yang menggunakan foto sebagai dasar kajian menunjukkan cara itu mampu menyediakan data dimensi bentuk yang amat berguna dalam analisis gaya dan ikonografi. Kedua, kini beberapa museum dan lembaga telah menyebarluaskan katalog digital fotografi patung Indonesia kuno, meskipun kebijakan yang diterapkan beragam.Terakhir, untuk menghadapi berbagai isu digitalisasi sumber kajian berupa fotografi perlu dilakukan kerjasama multidisiplin. \u0000=== \u0000During the pandemic, lockdown and closure of facilities limited access to museums and archaeological sites. This condition heavily impacted researcher who require observation for analysis on archaeological object, such as statues. As alternative, photography of statues that is distributed to online platform will certainly help to solve this problem. In this regard, three main topics are presented in this paper. Firstly, a review of studies conducted in the past on ancient Indonesian statues using photography as the main source will be presented showing that photography is able to present a formal dimension of sculpture that is useful for stylistic and iconographic studies. Secondly, an overview of current conditions revealing that a number of museums and institutions have provided digital catalogs containing photographs of ancient Indonesian statues, but they have different policies. Lastly, there are some issues with digitizing photographic resources that require multidisciplinary collaboration to solve.","PeriodicalId":81614,"journal":{"name":"Janus; revue internationale de l'histoire des sciences, de la medecine, de la pharmacie, et de la technique","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83013918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"English summaries","authors":"Elina Laine","doi":"10.30668/janus.127306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30668/janus.127306","url":null,"abstract":"Article summaries in English","PeriodicalId":81614,"journal":{"name":"Janus; revue internationale de l'histoire des sciences, de la medecine, de la pharmacie, et de la technique","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135383934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maimonides as a physician.","authors":"J. Baruch","doi":"10.1163/22977953-0390304002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22977953-0390304002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":81614,"journal":{"name":"Janus; revue internationale de l'histoire des sciences, de la medecine, de la pharmacie, et de la technique","volume":"56 1","pages":"248-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64613959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Some notes upon the life and work of certain Netherlands artificers of microscopic preparations at the end of the XVIIIth century and the beginning of the XIXth.","authors":"M Rooseboom","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":81614,"journal":{"name":"Janus; revue internationale de l'histoire des sciences, de la medecine, de la pharmacie, et de la technique","volume":" ","pages":"24-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1940-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28536096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}