Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy最新文献

{"title":"<i>TAC1b</i> mutation in <i>Candida auris</i> decreases manogepix susceptibility owing to increased <i>CDR1</i> expression.","authors":"Tatsuro Hirayama, Taiga Miyazaki, Rina Tanaka, Natsume Kitahori, Masataka Yoshida, Kazuaki Takeda, Shotaro Ide, Naoki Iwanaga, Masato Tashiro, Takahiro Takazono, Koichi Izumikawa, Katsunori Yanagihara, Koichi Makimura, Kazuhiro Tsukamoto, Hiroshi Mukae","doi":"10.1128/aac.01508-24","DOIUrl":"10.1128/aac.01508-24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Candida auris</i> is an emerging pathogenic fungus that is highly resistant to existing antifungal drugs. Manogepix is a novel antifungal agent that exerts antifungal activity by inhibiting glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor biosynthesis. Although the mechanisms of resistance of <i>Candida</i> species to manogepix have been reported previously, those of <i>C. auris</i> are yet to be studied. To investigate the resistance mechanisms of <i>C. auris</i>, we exposed a clinical isolate (clade I) to manogepix <i>in vitro</i> and generated strains with reduced susceptibility to manogepix. A search for gain-of-function mutations that upregulate efflux pump expression confirmed the presence of the D865N amino acid mutation in <i>TAC1b</i>. We used the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-Cas9 system to create a recovery strain (N865D) in which only this single nucleotide mutation was returned to the wild-type sequence. We generated a mutant strain by introducing only the D865N mutation into the parent strain and a different clade strain (clade III). The D865N mutant strains were clearly less susceptible to manogepix than the parental strains and exhibited high <i>CDR1</i> expression. Moreover, we generated a strain deficient in <i>CDR1</i> and confirmed that this strain had significantly increased susceptibility to manogepix. Thus, the present study demonstrated that the <i>TAC1b</i> mutation in <i>C. auris</i> upregulates <i>CDR1</i> expression and decreases its susceptibility to manogepix.</p>","PeriodicalId":8152,"journal":{"name":"Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"e0150824"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11823642/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142845680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In vitro</i> resensitization of multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> and <i>E. faecalis</i> through phage-antibiotic synergy.","authors":"Pooja Ghatbale, Govind Prasad Sah, Sage Dunham, Ethan Khong, Alisha Blanc, Alisha Monsibais, Andrew Garcia, Robert T Schooley, Ana G Cobián Güemes, Katrine Whiteson, David T Pride","doi":"10.1128/aac.00740-24","DOIUrl":"10.1128/aac.00740-24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacteriophages are an increasingly attractive option for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant infections, but their efficacy is difficult to discern due to the confounding effects of antibiotics. Phages are generally delivered in conjunction with antibiotics, and thus, when patients improve, it is unclear whether the phages, antibiotics, or both are responsible. This question is particularly relevant for enterococcus infections, as limited data suggest phages might restore antibiotic efficacy against resistant strains. Enterococci can develop high-level resistance to vancomycin, a primary treatment. We assessed clinical and laboratory isolates of <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> and <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> to determine whether we could observe synergistic interactions between phages and antibiotics. We identified synergy between multiple phages and antibiotics including linezolid, ampicillin, and vancomycin. Notably, antibiotic susceptibility did not predict synergistic interactions with phages. Vancomycin-resistant isolates (<i>n</i> = 6) were eradicated by the vancomycin-phage combination as effectively as vancomycin-susceptible isolates (<i>n</i> = 2). Transcriptome analysis revealed significant gene expression changes under antibiotic-phage conditions, especially for linezolid and vancomycin, with upregulated genes involved in nucleotide and protein biosynthesis and downregulated stress response and prophage-related genes. While our results do not conclusively determine the mechanism of the observed synergistic interactions between antibiotics and phages, they do confirm and build upon previous research that observed these synergistic interactions. Our work highlights how using phages can restore the effectiveness of vancomycin against resistant isolates. This finding provides a promising, although unexpected, strategy for moving forward with phage treatments for vancomycin-resistant <i>Enterococcus</i> infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":8152,"journal":{"name":"Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"e0074024"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11823633/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142852231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence of dissemination of a <i>clc</i>-type integrative and conjugative element to <i>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</i>, mediating acquisition of <i>sul1</i> and other resistance determinants.","authors":"Selene Rebecca Boncompagni, Eleonora Riccobono, Maria Grazia Cusi, Vincenzo Di Pilato, Gian Maria Rossolini","doi":"10.1128/aac.01554-24","DOIUrl":"10.1128/aac.01554-24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A <i>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</i> strain positive for the <i>bla</i>_VIM-1 metallo-beta-lactamase gene and resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was unexpectedly isolated from a surveillance rectal swab. The characterization of the strain revealed carriage of a 91 kb integrative and conjugative element (ICE) harboring several resistance determinants [<i>sul1</i>, <i>bla</i>_VIM-1, <i>aac(6')-Ib</i>, <i>aac(6')-31</i>, <i>qacE</i>∆<i>1</i>, <i>cld</i>, and <i>merEDAPTR</i>], closely related with a group of <i>clc</i>-type ICEs widespread among <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and other pseudomonads. Results highlighted the possible spreading of similar elements to <i>S. maltophilia</i>, mediating the acquisition of relevant resistances.</p>","PeriodicalId":8152,"journal":{"name":"Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"e0155424"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11823659/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142999069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergence of antibiotic-specific <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> phenotypes during prolonged treatment of mice.","authors":"Elizabeth A Wynn, Christian Dide-Agossou, Reem Al Mubarak, Karen Rossmassler, Victoria Ektnitphong, Allison A Bauman, Lisa M Massoudi, Martin I Voskuil, Gregory T Robertson, Camille M Moore, Nicholas D Walter","doi":"10.1128/aac.01310-24","DOIUrl":"10.1128/aac.01310-24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A major challenge in tuberculosis (TB) therapeutics is that antibiotic exposure leads to changes in the physiology of <i>M. tuberculosis</i> (<i>Mtb</i>), which may enable the pathogen to withstand treatment. While antibiotic-treated <i>Mtb</i> has been evaluated in <i>in vitro</i> experiments<i>,</i> it is unclear if and how long-term <i>in vivo</i> treatment with diverse antibiotics with varying treatment-shortening activity (sterilizing activity) affects <i>Mtb</i> physiologic processes differently. Here, we used SEARCH-TB, a pathogen-targeted RNA-sequencing platform, to characterize the <i>Mtb</i> transcriptome in the BALB/c high-dose aerosol infection mouse model following 4 weeks of treatment with three sterilizing and three non-sterilizing antibiotics. Certain transcriptional changes were shared among most antibiotics, including decreased expression of genes associated with protein synthesis and metabolism and the induction of certain genes associated with stress responses. However, the magnitude of this shared response differed between antibiotics. Sterilizing antibiotics rifampin, pyrazinamide, and bedaquiline generated a more quiescent <i>Mtb</i> state than did non-sterilizing antibiotics isoniazid, ethambutol, and streptomycin, as indicated by the decreased expression of genes associated with translation, transcription, secretion of immunogenic proteins, metabolism, and cell wall synthesis. Additionally, we identified distinguishing transcriptional effects specific to each antibiotic, indicating that different mechanisms of action induce distinct patterns in response to cellular injury. In addition to elucidating the <i>Mtb</i> physiologic changes associated with antibiotic stress, this study demonstrates the value of SEARCH-TB as a highly granular pharmacodynamic assay that reveals antibiotic effects that are not apparent based on culture alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":8152,"journal":{"name":"Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"e0131024"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11823617/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142999067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ceftobiprole activity against multidrug-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> clinical isolates collected in the United States from 2016 through 2022.","authors":"Helio S Sader, Jennifer I Smart, Rodrigo E Mendes, Mariana Castanheira","doi":"10.1128/aac.01402-24","DOIUrl":"10.1128/aac.01402-24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ceftobiprole was recently approved by the United States (US) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of adult patients with <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> bacteremia, including right-side endocarditis, acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections, and community-acquired bacterial pneumonia in adults and pediatrics. Ceftobiprole is an advanced-generation cephalosporin approved in many countries for the treatment of adults with community-acquired pneumonia and hospital-acquired pneumonia, excluding ventilator-associated pneumonia. We evaluated the activities of ceftobiprole and comparators against methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> (MRSA) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) <i>S. aureus</i> clinical isolates. A total of 19,764 <i>S</i>. <i>aureus</i> isolates were collected from patients with various infection types at 37 US medical centers from 2016 to 2022. Susceptibility testing was performed by broth microdilution according to Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institutes (CLSI) standards. Isolates were categorized as MDR if they were nonsusceptible by CLSI criteria to ≥3 antimicrobials. Ceftobiprole was highly active against MRSA (<i>n</i> = 8,184; MIC_50/90, 1/2 mg/L; 99.3% susceptible [S]) and MDR (<i>n</i> = 2,789; MIC_50/90, 1/2 mg/L; 98.1%S) isolates and retained activity against 87.3% of ceftaroline-nonsusceptible isolates (<i>n</i> = 433; MIC_50/90, 2/4 mg/L). Ceftobiprole demonstrated greater susceptibility rates than ceftaroline against all resistant subsets. Ceftobiprole was highly active against isolates nonsusceptible to clindamycin (98.0%S), daptomycin (100.0%S), doxycycline (98.2%S), erythromycin (99.5%S), gentamicin (98.1%S), levofloxacin (99.1%S), tetracycline (99.1%S), tigecycline (100.0%S), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (99.4%S) and isolates with decreased susceptibility to vancomycin (98.3%S).</p>","PeriodicalId":8152,"journal":{"name":"Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"e0140224"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11823664/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142969455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of a broth microdilution assay for routine minimum inhibitory concentration determination of 14 anti-tuberculous drugs against the <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> complex based on the EUCAST reference protocol.","authors":"Mikael Mansjö, Carmen Espinosa-Gongora, Ishak Samanci, Ramona Groenheit, Jim Werngren","doi":"10.1128/aac.00946-24","DOIUrl":"10.1128/aac.00946-24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This comparative study aimed at qualifying a broth microdilution (BMD) assay for phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (pDST) of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> complex (MTBC) strains for implementation in a routine DST workflow. The assay was developed based on the EUCAST (European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing) reference protocol for determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 14 anti-tuberculous drugs (isoniazid [INH], rifampicin [RIF], ethambutol [EMB], amikacin [AMI], moxifloxacin [MFX], levofloxacin [LFX], bedaquiline [BDQ], clofazimine [CFZ], delamanid [DLM], pretomanid [PA], para-aminosalicylic acid [PAS], linezolid [LZD], ethionamide [ETH], and cycloserine [CS]). Forty MTBC strains with various drug resistance profiles were tested to determine the agreement between MIC results and genotypic drug susceptibility testing (gDST) results derived from whole-genome sequencing (WGS). The agreement between the BMD and gDST results was solid for the majority of the drugs (average agreement 98%, range 90%-100%), including key drugs such as INH, RIF, MFX, LFX, BDQ, DLM, and PA. Ten discrepancies were identified (corresponding to 1.8% of the total number of MIC determinations) and most (8/10) were characterized by MICs equal or close to the potential critical concentration (pCC) applied in the BMD assay. Importantly, the assay can be adjusted to new drug recommendations and concentrations, tailored to local needs. We conclude that the BMD assay provides reliable results, and its implementation in our MTBC routine workflow will produce valuable data that improve our understanding and management of MTBC drug resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":8152,"journal":{"name":"Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"e0094624"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11823602/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142845682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonclinical and clinical characterization of the absorption, metabolism, and excretion of islatravir.","authors":"Kerry L Fillgrove, Randolph P Matthews, Bing Lu, Yuexia Liang, Munjal Patel, Wen Liu, Catherine Z Matthews, Yang Liu, S Aubrey Stoch, Rosa I Sanchez, Marian Iwamoto","doi":"10.1128/aac.01030-24","DOIUrl":"10.1128/aac.01030-24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of new and improved antiretroviral therapies that allow for alternative dosing schedules is needed for people living with HIV-1. Islatravir is a deoxyadenosine analog in development for the treatment of HIV-1 that suppresses HIV-1 replication via multiple mechanisms of action, including reverse transcriptase translocation inhibition and delayed chain termination. Islatravir is differentiated from other HIV-1 antiretrovirals by its high potency, long <i>t</i>_½, broad tissue distribution, and favorable drug resistance profile. A comprehensive evaluation was performed to provide data on the mass balance, absorption, metabolism, and excretion of islatravir through studies in nonclinical species, and in adults without HIV-1 infection, using radiolabeled islatravir. Islatravir was well absorbed in both nonclinical species and humans following oral administration. The elimination of islatravir occurs primarily by a combination of oxidative deamination to 4'-ethynyl-2-fluoro-2'-deoxyinosine and renal excretion of unchanged islatravir. Islatravir and 4'-ethynyl-2-fluoro-2'-deoxyinosine are the major circulating drug components in all species assessed. Islatravir is readily taken up into cells with efficient phosphorylation to the mono-, di-, and triphosphate forms. The pharmacologically active islatravir triphosphate is the most abundant intracellular phosphorylated species, as shown by the results of <i>ex vivo</i> studies. This characterization of the absorption, metabolism, and elimination of islatravir in humans and nonclinical species supports its further development for the treatment of HIV-1.</p>","PeriodicalId":8152,"journal":{"name":"Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"e0103024"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11823625/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142977274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Durlobactam in combination with β-lactams to combat <i>Mycobacterium abscessus</i>.","authors":"Eunjeong Shin, Khalid M Dousa, Magdalena A Taracila, Christopher R Bethel, Mary Nantongo, David C Nguyen, Chidiebere Akusobi, Sebastian G Kurz, Mark S Plummer, Charles L Daley, Steven M Holland, Eric J Rubin, Jürgen B Bulitta, W Henry Boom, Barry N Kreiswirth, Robert A Bonomo","doi":"10.1128/aac.01174-24","DOIUrl":"10.1128/aac.01174-24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Mycobacterium abscessus</i> (<i>Mab</i>) presents significant clinical challenges. This study evaluated the synergistic effects of a β-lactam and β-lactamase inhibitor combination against <i>Mab</i> and explored the underlying mechanisms. Synergy was assessed through MIC tests and time-kill studies, and binding affinities of nine β-lactams and BLIs to eight target receptors (L,D-transpeptidases [LDT] 1-5, D,D-carboxypeptidase, penicillin-binding protein [PBP] B, and PBP-lipo) were assessed using mass spectrometry and kinetic studies. Thermal stability and morphological changes were determined. Imipenem demonstrated high binding affinity to LDTs and PBPs, with extremely low inhibition constants (<i>K_i</i>_,<i>app</i>; ≤0.002 mg/L for LDT1-2, ≤0.6 mg/L for PBPs), while cephalosporins, sulopenem, tebipenem, and amoxicillin exhibited moderate to low binding affinity. Durlobactam inactivated Bla_Mab and LDT/PBPs more potently than avibactam. The <i>K_i,app</i>s of durlobactam for PBP B, PBP-lipo, and LDT2 were below clinically achievable unbound concentrations, while avibactam's <i>K_i,app</i> for LDT/PBPs exceeded the clinical concentrations. Single β-lactam treatments resulted in minimal killing (~1 log₁₀ reduction). Although avibactam yielded no effect, combinations with avibactam showed a significant reduction (~4 log₁₀ CFU/mL). Durlobactam alone showed ~2 log₁₀ reduction, and when combined with imipenem or two β-lactams, durlobactam achieved near-eradication of <i>Mab</i>, surpassing the current therapy (amikacin + clarithromycin + imipenem/cefoxitin). Inactivation of PBP-lipo by sulopenem, imipenem, durlobactam, and amoxicillin (with avibactam) led to morphological changes, showing filaments. This study demonstrates the mechanistic basis of combinations therapy, particularly imipenem + durlobactam, in overcoming β-lactam resistance in <i>Mab</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":8152,"journal":{"name":"Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"e0117424"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11823594/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142876099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic interaction analysis of <i>Candida glabrata</i> transcription factors <i>CST6</i> and <i>UPC2A</i> in the regulation of respiration and fluconazole susceptibility.","authors":"Tomye L Ollinger, Robert Zarnowski, Josie E Parker, Steven L Kelly, David R Andes, Mark A Stamnes, Damian J Krysan","doi":"10.1128/aac.01294-24","DOIUrl":"10.1128/aac.01294-24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Candida glabrata</i> is the second most common cause of invasive candidiasis and is widely known to have reduced susceptibility to fluconazole relative to many other <i>Candida</i> spp. Upc2A is a transcription factor that regulates ergosterol biosynthesis gene expression under conditions of sterol stress such as azole drug treatment or hypoxia. Through an <i>in vitro</i> microevolution experiment, we found that loss-of-function mutants of the ATF/CREB transcription factor <i>CST6</i> suppresses the fluconazole hyper-susceptibility of the <i>upc2A</i>∆ mutant. Here, we confirm that the <i>cst6</i>∆ <i>upc2A</i>∆ mutants are resistant to fluconazole but not to hypoxia relative to the <i>upc2A</i>∆ mutant. Sterol analysis of these mutants indicates that this suppression phenotype is not due to restoration of ergosterol levels in the <i>cst6</i>∆ <i>upc2A</i>∆ mutant. Furthermore, increased expression of <i>CDR1</i>, the efflux pump implicated in the vast majority of azole-resistant <i>C. glabrata</i> strains, does not account for the suppression phenotype. Instead, our data suggest that this effect is due in part to increased expression of the adhesin <i>EPA3</i>, which has been shown by others to reduce fluconazole susceptibility in <i>C. glabrata</i>. In addition, we find that loss of both <i>UPC2A</i> and <i>CST6</i> reduces the expression of mitochondrial and respiratory genes and that this also contributes to the suppression phenotype as well as to the resistance of <i>cst6</i>∆ to fluconazole. These latter data further emphasize the connection between mitochondrial function and azole susceptibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":8152,"journal":{"name":"Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"e0129424"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11823675/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142876130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The gene <i>MAB_2362</i> is responsible for intrinsic resistance to various drugs and virulence in <i>Mycobacterium abscessus</i> by regulating cell division.","authors":"Yanan Ju, Lijie Li, Jingran Zhang, Buhari Yusuf, Sanshan Zeng, Cuiting Fang, Xirong Tian, Xingli Han, Jie Ding, Han Zhang, Wanli Ma, Shuai Wang, Xinwen Chen, Tianyu Zhang","doi":"10.1128/aac.00433-24","DOIUrl":"10.1128/aac.00433-24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Mycobacterium abscessus</i> exhibits intrinsic resistance to most antibiotics, hence leading to infections that are difficult to treat. To address this issue, the identification of new molecular targets is essential for the development or repositioning of therapeutic agents. This study demonstrated that the <i>MAB_2362</i>-knockout strain, Mab^Δ2362, became significantly susceptible to a range of antibiotics, not only <i>in vitro</i> but also exhibited susceptibility to rifabutin, bedaquiline, and linezolid <i>in vivo</i>. While the bacterial burden of the wild-type <i>M. abscessus</i> (Mab^Wt) increased by over 1 log₁₀ CFU/lung in a murine infection model 16 days post-infection, that of Mab^Δ2362 strain decreased by more than 1 log₁₀ CFU/lung, which suggests that the disruption leads to attenuation. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that MAB_2362 shares the highest similarity (41.35%) with SteA, a protein known to influence cell division in <i>Corynebacterium glutamicum</i>, suggesting that MAB_2362 might be involved in cell division. Mab^Δ2362 cells exhibited a median length of 2.62 µm, which was substantially longer than the 1.44 µm recorded for Mab^Wt cells. Additionally, multiple cell division septa were observed in 42% of Mab^Δ2362 cells, whereas none were seen in Mab^Wt cells. An ethidium bromide uptake assay further suggested a higher cell envelope permeability in Mab^Δ2362 compared to Mab^Wt. Collectively, these findings underscore the role of <i>MAB_2362</i> in intrinsic resistance and virulence of <i>M. abscessus</i> possibly through the regulation of cell division. Thus, MAB_2362 emerges as a promising candidate for targeted interventions in the pursuit of novel antimicrobials against <i>M. abscessus</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":8152,"journal":{"name":"Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"e0043324"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11823648/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142851782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}