Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science最新文献

{"title":"Production economics and marketing of Himalayan Yew in Mahankal rural municipality of Lalitpur District, Nepal","authors":"Pratima Timalsina, Shimran Dahal, Raj Chaudhary, Saugat Karki, Nama Raj Bhusal","doi":"10.26832/24566632.2024.0901015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2024.0901015","url":null,"abstract":"This study delves into the dynamic landscape of Himalayan yew cultivation in the Mahankal Rural Municipality of Lalitpur district, offering a comprehensive analysis of the socio-demographic factors influencing growers' practices. By examining variables such as gender, age, education, landholding, income, ethnicity, access to irrigation facilities, and marketing strategies, we present a nuanced understanding of the complexities involved. Agriculture emerges as the cornerstone of respondents' income, with Himalayan yew cultivation consistently proving to be financially lucrative, yielding revenues and gross margins that significantly bolster local farmers' economic well-being. The calculated Benefit-Cost Ratio underscores the profitability of Himalayan yew cultivation in Mahankal, advocating for its sustained expansion. Despite favorable climatic conditions, challenges persist in marketing and production domains. Limited primary marketing channels signify untapped potential, necessitating initiatives to foster growth and enhance efficiency. Technical obstacles highlight the need for innovative solutions and technical support to bolster the sustainability of Himalayan yew cultivation. In conclusion, this research underscores the promising prospects and profitability of Himalayan yew cultivation while emphasizing the imperative to address existing challenges. Strategic interventions and collaborative efforts are essential to empower local farmers and ensure the enduring success of this valuable industry. This study serves as a clarion call for concerted action to propel Himalayan yew cultivation to new heights in Mahankal and beyond.","PeriodicalId":8147,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science","volume":" 33","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140384391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica L.) varieties with respect to growth and yield in Chitwan, Nepal","authors":"Pratima Bagale, A. Shrestha, Hom Nath Giri, Pradip Regmi","doi":"10.26832/24566632.2024.090104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2024.090104","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was carried out during October, 2021 to March, 2022 with an objective to evaluate growth and yield parameters of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica L.) varieties in the Horticulture Farm of Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. The treatments were six broccoli varieties viz. two open pollinated (Calabrese and Green Sprouting) and four hybrid varieties (Centauro, Century, Delight, Everest Green). Data were collected for biometrical, phonological, yield and yield attributing characteristics. Results revealed significance for growth and yield parameters.  Calabrese had the tallest plant (100.60 cm), the highest leaf number per plant (15.75), the longest leaf (73.90 cm), higher canopy diameter (101.75 cm) and earliness in head initiation (54.50 days) as well as head maturity (60.25 days). Highest head diameter (30.13 cm) and economic yield (22.52 mt/ha) was observed in Century. Thus, Century was found more profitable for commercial production in the environment conditions of Chitwan, Nepal.","PeriodicalId":8147,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science","volume":" 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140384539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heavy metal concentrations in water from Bakkhali River estuary, Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh","authors":"Sharmin Jahan, Md. Abu Sayed Jewel, Jesmin Ara","doi":"10.26832/24566632.2024.0901022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2024.0901022","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metals contamination of water is considered as severe global issues for developing countries like Bangladesh. Because heavy metal pollution ruined aquatic ecosystem especially fish diversity which contribute important share on economy of a country. The present study designed to investigate the contamination level of lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in surface water of Bakkhali river estuary in Bangladesh. The decreasing order of metals concentration was Cu>Zn >Cr>Pb>Cd with the mean value of 2.6> 0.825 > 0.355 > 0.056 >0.003 mg/L, respectively. The results showed a significant seasonal variation of heavy metals concentration in water. Higher contamination occurred during post monsoon, while lower during the monsoon season. Among the all studied heavy metals Cu concentration was higher (2.6 mg/L) and lower (0.003 mg/L) concentration was Cd. Metal concentrations in water samples exceeded the safe limits of drinking water which indicated that the water from this estuarine river is not fully safe for using/drinking. The study area was not entirely polluted in terms of all metal concentrations. But level of metal concentration in polluted sites supposed risk to ecological health. The findings of present study recommended that continuous monitoring of water should be aimed to evaluate the risk which could help to maintain healthy coastal ecosystem and improve management strategy of this estuarine river.","PeriodicalId":8147,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science","volume":"112 47","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140381614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preharvest application of ethephon improved growth, maturity and quality of banana","authors":"Bishal Shrestha, Nirajan Bhandari","doi":"10.26832/24566632.2024.090107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2024.090107","url":null,"abstract":"Poor yield, non-uniform ripening, and delay in maturity are some serious issues faced by commercial banana growers in the country. This research was conducted in a commercial banana orchard of Chitwan from December 2021 to April 2022 in order to study the effect of different doses of ethephon on growth, maturity, and quality of banana. Five different doses of ethephon (200, 400, 600, 800, 1000 ppm) were sprayed on a banana bunch at 15th days after shooting which were compared with the control (no ethephon treatment) in RCBD design.  The maturity of the bunch was significantly hastened at a higher concentration of ethephon (above 600 ppm). Fruit length and fruit weight were also observed higher at 600 ppm (10.21 cm and 62.68 g) and 800 ppm (10.67 cm and 63.26 g) ethephon spray. The bunch treated with 600 ppm ethephon had the highest TSS (10.78oB and 23.27oB at 0 and 5 days of storage, respectively) and PPR (1.65). Considering quantitative and qualitative parameters, preharvest ethephon spray @600 ppm significantly improved growth, maturity, and quality of banana fruits.","PeriodicalId":8147,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140381845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of various biochar on selected soil properties and agronomical parameters of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) at Rupandehi, Nepal","authors":"J. Gairhe, Pragyan Bhattarai, Prashant Gyanwali, Renuka Khanal, Rasmita Mainali, Shrijana Poudel, Manisha Pokhrel, Pramod Kumar Sharma","doi":"10.26832/24566632.2024.0901019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2024.0901019","url":null,"abstract":"Biochar is rich in carbon and obtained by carbonization of biomass heated at 300-1000°C under limited oxygen which improves the soil properties and yield of various crops. This study aimed to determine the changes in soil properties and agronomical characteristics of okra by biochar prepared from different feedstock. The research was conducted in randomized blocks and replicated thrice, with treatments; control, wood ash (WA), rice husk biochar (RHB), bamboo biochar (BB), Ashoka leaves biochar (ALB), coconut husk biochar (CHB), and sawdust biochar (SB), applied at 18 t/ha. Biochar-incorporated soil and the biochar were analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity, nitrogen, P2O5, K2O, and organic matter, and the soil for bulk density, particle density, and porosity. Agronomical parameters like plant height, fruit size, and yield were also recorded. The biochar incorporation modified the soil's chemical properties and significantly decreased bulk and particle density. The highest reduction of 10.9% in bulk density (1.22gm/cm3), and 4.4% in particle density (2.39gm/cm3) were observed in ALB and SB incorporated soil respectively. ALB (50%) followed by BB (49%) showed a significant increase in soil porosity compared to the control (45.18%). BB (15.7cm) significantly increased the fruit size compared to the control (14.06cm) followed by ALB (15.5cm). ALB (8.16t/ha) significantly increased the yield of okra relative to control (7.82t/ha). The findings suggest the use of ALB and BB to improve soil properties and yield in the long run.","PeriodicalId":8147,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science","volume":" 1081","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140382445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Farmers’ Perceptions of the impact of climate change on apple production in lower Mustang, Nepal","authors":"Shristi Adhikari, Ram Hari Timilsina, Anusuya Aaradhana Panthee, Ashmita Sapkota","doi":"10.26832/24566632.2024.090102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2024.090102","url":null,"abstract":"Undoubtedly, climate change is becoming a worldwide concern due to its great sensitivity and detrimental effects on livelihood. The government, policymakers, and other relevant stakeholders are striving to come up with novel and innovative approaches to combat the effects of climate change. Nevertheless, understanding and perceptions of the issue among local farmers are more crucial before making mitigation or adaptation plans. It’s them who are actually more exposed to these environmental works and who are on the frontlines of climate change. So, the study was conducted in 2022 at Lower Mustang to understand how farmers perceive climate change, how it has impacted apple production, and to find discrepancies between their perceptions and the actual change in climatic variability recorded by the Department of Hydrology and Meteorology (DHM). Temperature and precipitation were two climatic variables that were taken into account to investigate the significant effects they have on the rate of apple production. Altogether, 60 households from Lower Mustang were selected randomly for the study. Pre-tested interviews, focus group discussions, key informant interviews, as well as secondary data from DHM, the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Development (MoALD), etc. were used to collect the required information. The majority of farmers observed an increase in temperature (83.30%) and an unpredictable increase in rainfall (98%), which are consistent with the actual change in temperature and precipitation recorded between 1991 and 2021. Findings show that the average annual temperature and mean annual precipitation are increasing at a rate of 0.012°C per year and 0.4146 mm per year, respectively. This has resulted in the outbreak of significant amounts of diseases and insect pest infestations that have a direct impact on the quality and quantity of apples. The majority of farmers acknowledged that rainfall was the most significant climatic hazards that negatively impacted apple production, followed with hailstones having an impact on apples during flowering and fruiting. Farmers in the study area are limited to intercropping practices, mostly as an adaptation strategy to combat the impacts of climate change. The study concluded that farmers perceived climate change; they are aware of the term ‘Climate Change’ but haven’t taken any significant adaptation measures towards it. So, there is an immediate need for effective adaptation mechanisms, taking into account farmers' perspectives, to make Lower Mustang self-sufficient in apple production. ","PeriodicalId":8147,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science","volume":" 521","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140382933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of sowing methods and varieties on growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Dang, Nepal","authors":"Akriti Adhikari, Bishal D.C., Shishir Regmi, Kiran Timilsena, Sagar Lamsal","doi":"10.26832/24566632.2024.090109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2024.090109","url":null,"abstract":"In this study conducted in Gadhawa Rural Municipality, Dang district, from November 2021 to April 2022, the impact of two sowing methods (Line sowing and broadcasting) and four varieties (Bijaya, Gautam, Aditya, and Borlaug 2020) on wheat was investigated. We aimed to identify the best sowing method and variety using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The study focused on various growth and yield parameters, including plant height, tiller number, grain per spike, effective tillers per square meter, thousand grain weight, grain yield per hectare, and biological yield per hectare. Line sowing was found to have the highest impact on biometrical as well as yield attributing characters. More height (111.51 cm), number of tillers (3.80), grain/spike (57.02), and grain yield (3.85 ton/ha) were obtained in line sowing. There was a significant difference observed among the varieties for all the traits except tiller number and biological yield. Borlaug 2020 was found to be superior for performance based on yield attributing traits which have grain/spike, effective tiller/m2, biological yield, and grain yield of 62.88, 177.15, 6.60 ton/ha, and 3.95 ton/ha respectively. From the interaction effects, variety Borlaug 2020 and line sowing method were found to be superior for cultivation. The study further demonstrates that farmers of Dang can combine Borlaug 2020 with line-sowing methods to obtain promising results.","PeriodicalId":8147,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science","volume":" 44","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140384992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Varietal evaluation of spring rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes in Kanchanpur, Nepal","authors":"Biru Chaudhary, Tek Raj Bhatt, P. Gyawali","doi":"10.26832/24566632.2023.080407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2023.080407","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was carried out on spring rice in the rabi season of 2022 from February 3 to July 4 with an aim to identify the most suitable spring rice cultivar in Kanchanpur, Nepal. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications and eight treatments. The treatments were eight spring rice genotypes: one released (Chaite-5), one local genotype (ChaineeAndi), and six pipeline varieties (IR17A2946, IR17A2796, IR17A2949, IR13F402, IR16A3838, and IR18A2066). A total of 24 experimental plots, each of 6m2 (3*2m), were set to the experimental design. The treatments were randomly assigned to the replications. Data were collected for various morphological characters such as plant height (cm), number of tillers (/plant), effective tillers (/m2), panicle length (cm), number of grains per panicle, sterility (%), thousand-grain weight (gm), grain yield (kg), straw yield (kg), biological yield (kg), and harvest index. Results revealed significance for all parameters except for the effective number of tillers per plant. ChaineeAndi took the least days to mature and had the highest effective tiller number per plant. Genotype IR17A2066 took the most days to flower and mature, and had greater plant height, thousand-grain weight, but low grain yield. Grains per panicle were higher in IR13F402 but lowest panicle length. Chaite-5 had the highest sterility percentage. Highest grain yield, straw yield, and harvest index was observed in genotypes IR16A3838, IR17A2946, Chaite-5, and IR17A2949. IR16A3838 performed superior than other genotypes in environmental conditions of Kanchanpur, Nepal.","PeriodicalId":8147,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139158178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consumer’s preferences for healthy food consumption: An empirical analysis from Mymensingh city in Bangladesh","authors":"Eshrat Jahan Mahfuza, Md. Fuad Hassan, Md. Shishir Ahamed","doi":"10.26832/24566632.2023.0804015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2023.0804015","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous non-communicable diseases are being caused by changes in food and lifestyle choices. However, the global trend of eating more healthful food is growing as people become more aware of their personal health. Nonetheless, not much scholarly work has been done on the perplexing purchasing habits of customers, especially in developing nations like Bangladesh. Hence, the purpose of this study was to determine the preference for healthy food consumption and the factors associated with consuming healthy food. The study was conducted on 140 participants selected by a purposive sampling technique from Mymensingh city. Data were collected through both face-to-face surveys and via email with the help of an e-questionnaire from May 2022 to August 2022. A five-point Likert scale was applied to assess the consumer’s preference for healthy food products. The internal consistency of the items on the scale was examined by Cronbach’s alpha. In addition, binary logistic regression was used to identify the factors that affect consumers’ decisions to consume healthy food products. The study findings provide evidence of the highly disfavored attitudes (82.86%) toward healthy food consumption among people in the study area. The analysis also reveals that factors like gender, age, education, and monthly income have a positive impact on consumption decisions, while distance from the market, occupation, family size, and credit negatively affect consumption decisions.","PeriodicalId":8147,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139158372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of gamma radiation on fungal load decontamination of marketed spices","authors":"Mahfuzur Rahman, Md. Moniruzzazan, Keshob C. Das, Mohammad Amirul Islam, Md. Mostafa Kamal, M. S. Rahman, Ruhul A. Khan","doi":"10.26832/24566632.2023.080402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2023.080402","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the effects of gamma radiation on the decontamination of fungus, physicochemi-cal properties, and molecular analysis of Aspergillus spp. of common spices for storage were evaluated. After being irradiated with gamma doses of 0, 2, 4, and 6 kGy and sealed in glass vials, the spices were stored at room temperature for 180 days. Among the tested spice samples, chili, turmeric, and black pepper powder showed the highest presence of fungal contamination compared to cumin, coriander, garlic, and ginger samples. Microscopy was used to identify a total of 48 isolates, of which 11 were Mucor, 25 were Penicillium, and 12 were Aspergillus. By polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, a total of 12 Aspergillus genera were identified among them: 5 in black pepper and 7 in red chili. The gamma radiation also reduced the number of microbes compared to the control group. The best gamma radiation doses were found to kill the organ-isms in the studied spices. These were 6 kGy for red chili, 4 kGy for turmeric and black pepper, and 2 kGy for cumin, coriander, garlic, and ginger. Measurements of the physicochemical parameters were not significantly impacted by the 180-day exposure to gamma radiation; however, the number of fungi drastically decreased. Gamma radiation has been explored as an effective method for decontaminating spices, offering a promising solution for ensuring food safety and quality.","PeriodicalId":8147,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139158551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}