{"title":"Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia: Precursor of Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.","authors":"Taku Sakamoto, Shintaro Akiyama, Toshiaki Narasaka, Hideo Suzuki, Shigeki Sekine, Yutaka Saito, Kiichiro Tsuchiya","doi":"10.23922/jarc.2021-077","DOIUrl":"10.23922/jarc.2021-077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is rare, but it has been commonly detected as an invasive cancer. The standard treatment for anal SCC was surgical resection. However, recent medical advances have enabled the standard treatment to be chemoradiotherapy. Anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) is a premalignant lesion of SCC. The screening test for AIN and human papilloma virus vaccine are important for the following high-risk patients: patients positive for human immunodeficiency virus and men who have sexual intercourse with men. Although cytology can be easily applied for a screening test, the false-negative rate for AIN is high. Instead, high-resolution anoscopy (HRA) has been gaining attention as a promising screening method for high-risk patients. Investigations comparing characteristic findings of HRA with the histology of AIN have demonstrated that HRA is a highly specific test for AIN. Magnifying or image-enhanced endoscopies are also routinely used for colonoscopy, as they allow detailed observations at higher magnifications than those of HRA. Hence, these endoscopic modalities can be applied for assessing AIN. Ablation therapies or topical medications are available as the local treatment for AIN. Although endoscopic submucosal dissection is considered to be feasible to remove AIN, it has a technical difficulty to approach endoscopically invisible areas. Hence, this technique may be useful to resect AIN localized in the endoscopically visible areas, when the localization is confirmed via targeted biopsy.</p>","PeriodicalId":81378,"journal":{"name":"Harvard studies in classical philology","volume":"1 1","pages":"92-99"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9045852/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90814384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Binary phrases and the middle style as social code: rhetorica ad Herennium","authors":"B. Krostenko","doi":"10.2307/4150041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4150041","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":81378,"journal":{"name":"Harvard studies in classical philology","volume":"1 1","pages":"237-274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/4150041","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69359150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pindar's Olympian 11 revisited post-bundy","authors":"W. Race","doi":"10.2307/4150033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4150033","url":null,"abstract":"OLYMPIAN I 1 was one of two odes that E. L. Bundy selected to illustrate the generic and rhetorical aspects of Pindaric enkomia in his landmark Studia Pindarica (1962). In the second part of that study he twice referred to \"linear development\" in the design of Pindaric odes (1962, 36 and 91). Although he never precisely defined that term, his analysis was meant to show that each successive topic in an ode contributes directly or indirectly to its overall enkomiastic purpose. He often used musical terms such as \"crescendo\" and \"diminuendo\" to describe the build-up and release evident in the course of an ode, as well as terms like \"focus,\" \"specification,\" \"tension,\" \"relaxation,\" \"emerge,\" \"recede,\" \"foil,\" and \"climax,\" all of which depend upon sequential arrangement. Common sense tells us that these enkomiastic poems were performed (and heard) in linear progression from the first to last verse and so must have made sense-at least on one level-as","PeriodicalId":81378,"journal":{"name":"Harvard studies in classical philology","volume":"102 1","pages":"69-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/4150033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69359069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Notes on a lead letter from the athenian agora","authors":"E. Harris","doi":"10.1017/CBO9780511497858.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511497858.014","url":null,"abstract":"D AVID R. Jordan has recently published a fascinating letter written on a lead tablet found in the Athenian Agora.' The tablet was recovered during the excavations of 1972 from a well beside the orthostate shrine located near the Royal Stoa. The well contained other objects from the fourth century B.C.E., and the writing on the tablet appears to belong to the same period. Jordan provides a good photograph of the tablet with a transcription of the letters found on it and presents the following text:","PeriodicalId":81378,"journal":{"name":"Harvard studies in classical philology","volume":"102 1","pages":"157-170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/CBO9780511497858.014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57052896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Polybian demagogues in political context","authors":"C. Champion","doi":"10.2307/4150039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4150039","url":null,"abstract":"N many passages Polybius, scion of one of the great Megalopolitan aristocratic houses, expresses his disdain for radical demagogic politics and socio-economic reformers. There is no reason to doubt that castigations of demagogic politicians reflect the historian's genuine political convictions.' But both the frequency and vehemence of Polybius' censure of demagogues suggest that there may be more to the story than the historian's own political orientation. Polybius' essentially conservative political biases are well-known, yet scholars have not fully explored the ways in which the historian's own political career may have informed his historiographical practice. This paper will investigate Polybius' political fortunes in connection with his persistent condemnation of demagogic politics in an effort to demonstrate that the political circumstances which led to Polybius' extradition to Italy as a prisoner of Rome furnish a suitable motivational context for his sustained and","PeriodicalId":81378,"journal":{"name":"Harvard studies in classical philology","volume":"102 1","pages":"199-212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/4150039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69359112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Religious syncretism: The new gods of greek tragedy","authors":"W. Allan","doi":"10.2307/4150035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4150035","url":null,"abstract":"A S one scholar has recently expressed the matter, \"Greek tragedy is about nothing if not religion.\"' It is therefore fitting that the study of gods and rituals has stood at the centre of much recent work on tragedy.2 The present paper seeks to contribute to this enquiry, and to do so from a less familiar perspective, for my main topic will not be the central role of the established Olympian gods in the action of the plays, whether as figures on stage3 or through divination and oracles, but","PeriodicalId":81378,"journal":{"name":"Harvard studies in classical philology","volume":"102 1","pages":"113-156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/4150035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69359074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cicero's devotio: the rôles of dux and scape-goat in his post reditum rhetoric","authors":"A. Dyck","doi":"10.2307/4150043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4150043","url":null,"abstract":"FOR all that Cicero frequently praises constantia and deprecates levitas,' Roman society made allowance for change of policy. It was assumed, for instance, that holding the office of tribune entailed a certain adherence to broadly popularis positions that might be abandoned in later life.2 Similarly in one's personal behavior, if Cicero's word can be taken, some \"sowing of wild oats\" was no disqualification to later respectability (Cael. 43). A striking example is the remarkable transformation of the ruthless powerbroker Octavian into the glorified emperor Augustus. The particular life to be considered here is the best documented one known to us from pagan antiquity, namely, that of M. Tullius Cicero. The beginning was admittedly spectacular-the rare rise of an eques from a municipium to preeminence at the Roman bar and ultimately to the top prize, the consulate, which he held in the first year of his eligibility (63). Add to that the masterly ferreting out and squashing of the Catilinarian conspiracy, or at least its urban manifestation, and even a very hard-nosed politician (which Cicero was not) might be tempted to linger over the memory of such successes. Cicero's position in Rome was precarious, however: just how precarious he discovered only through exile in March, 58,3 of which the blow","PeriodicalId":81378,"journal":{"name":"Harvard studies in classical philology","volume":"102 1","pages":"299-314"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/4150043","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69359154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Untrustworthy Apollo and the destiny of Achilles: Iliad 24.55-63","authors":"J. Burgess","doi":"10.2307/4150031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4150031","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":81378,"journal":{"name":"Harvard studies in classical philology","volume":"168 1","pages":"21-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/4150031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69359006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}