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20. Environmental Assessment 20.环境评估
Environmental law (Northwestern School of Law) Pub Date : 2019-05-23 DOI: 10.1093/HE/9780198811077.003.0020
Elizabeth Fisher, Bettina Lange, E. Scotford
{"title":"20. Environmental Assessment","authors":"Elizabeth Fisher, Bettina Lange, E. Scotford","doi":"10.1093/HE/9780198811077.003.0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/HE/9780198811077.003.0020","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental impact assessment (EIA) and other related forms of assessment require decision-makers to take into account the environmental implications of an activity before making a decision about those acitvities. EIA is a feature of most environmental law systems of the world. This chapter is an overview of the Environmental impact assessment (EIA) and strategic environmental assessment (SEA) legal regimes in the EU and how they have been implemented into English law. It provides an overview of the distinctive legal nature of both EIA and SEA, the main legal features of each directive, and how they have been implemented into national law. A significant feature of this chapter is that it provides an overview of the case law of the CJEU and UK courts concerninig these regimes.","PeriodicalId":81171,"journal":{"name":"Environmental law (Northwestern School of Law)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45298911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
13. Pollution Control Permitting 13. 污染管制许可证
Environmental law (Northwestern School of Law) Pub Date : 2019-05-23 DOI: 10.1093/HE/9780198811077.003.0013
Elizabeth Fisher, Bettina Lange, E. Scotford
{"title":"13. Pollution Control Permitting","authors":"Elizabeth Fisher, Bettina Lange, E. Scotford","doi":"10.1093/HE/9780198811077.003.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/HE/9780198811077.003.0013","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter provides a basic overview of pollution control in England and Wales. It considers the nature of pollution, the evolving history of pollution control regulation, and the main mechanism for implementing pollution control—environmental permitting. Environmental permitting is a classic form of ‘command-and-control’ regulation, which is used in many areas of environmental regulation (water regulation, waste regulation, integrated pollution control etc). Moreover, England and Wales has adopted an innovative approach to permitting, bringing together many different types of environmental permits into a single, integrated scheme under the Environmental Permitting Regulations 2016. This administrative integration of permitting was designed to improve regulatory efficiency and certainty for operators and also to better coordinate environmental controls. This chapter provides an overview of this permitting scheme, which operates in most of the pollution control regimes covered in the chapters of Part IV.","PeriodicalId":81171,"journal":{"name":"Environmental law (Northwestern School of Law)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60798545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
18. Climate Change Law 18.气候变化法
Environmental law (Northwestern School of Law) Pub Date : 2019-05-23 DOI: 10.1093/HE/9780198811077.003.0018
Elizabeth Fisher, Bettina Lange, E. Scotford
{"title":"18. Climate Change Law","authors":"Elizabeth Fisher, Bettina Lange, E. Scotford","doi":"10.1093/HE/9780198811077.003.0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/HE/9780198811077.003.0018","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the fast-moving area of law relating to climate change. This includes a considerable body of public international law, from the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change to the legally innovative Paris Agreement 2015. The chapter also considers legal developments at the EU and UK levels, which both contain a rich body of climate law and policy. The EU and the UK are both seen as ‘world leaders’ in climate law and policy. In EU law, this is due to the EU greenhouse gas emissions trading scheme and the EU’s leadership in advocating ambitious greenhouse gas mitigation targets and in implementing these targets flexibly across the EU Member States through a range of regulatory mechanisms. The UK introduced path-breaking climate legislation in the Climate Change Act 2008, which provided an inspiring model of climate governance, legally entrenching long-term planning for both mitigation and adaptation. The chapter concludes with an exploration of climate litigation, a new and growing field of inquiry.","PeriodicalId":81171,"journal":{"name":"Environmental law (Northwestern School of Law)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45423288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
4. Public Law 4.公法
Environmental law (Northwestern School of Law) Pub Date : 2019-05-23 DOI: 10.1093/HE/9780198811077.003.0004
Elizabeth Fisher, Bettina Lange, E. Scotford
{"title":"4. Public Law","authors":"Elizabeth Fisher, Bettina Lange, E. Scotford","doi":"10.1093/HE/9780198811077.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/HE/9780198811077.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explains the important role that public law, particularly administrative law, plays in environmental law. This role comes about because much of environmental law requires vesting decision-making and regulatory power in the hands of public decision-makers at all levels of government. This chapter begins by providing an overview of the different constituent elements of public law: constitutional law, administrative law, the role of the EU and international law, as well the complexities of this area of law. The chapter then moves on to consider the way in which the different types of interests involved in environmental problems and the need for information and expertise provide challenges for public law. The chapter then provides an overview of four major features of public law that are particularly relevant to environmental lawyers: the Aarhus Convention, accountability mechanisms, judicial review, and human rights.","PeriodicalId":81171,"journal":{"name":"Environmental law (Northwestern School of Law)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48154162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
21. Nature Conservation 21.自然保护
Environmental law (Northwestern School of Law) Pub Date : 2019-05-23 DOI: 10.1093/HE/9780198811077.003.0021
Elizabeth Fisher, Bettina Lange, E. Scotford
{"title":"21. Nature Conservation","authors":"Elizabeth Fisher, Bettina Lange, E. Scotford","doi":"10.1093/HE/9780198811077.003.0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/HE/9780198811077.003.0021","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter focuses on nature conservation law. This area of law includes a diverse range of legal regimes which are concerned with protecting the natural environment and includes laws that protect individual species and laws that protection particular areas. Nature conversation regimes exist at the national, EU and international level. The reasons for protection can vary as can by the types of law included in these regimes.","PeriodicalId":81171,"journal":{"name":"Environmental law (Northwestern School of Law)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48408625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
16. Waste Regulation 16. 废物管理
Environmental law (Northwestern School of Law) Pub Date : 2019-05-23 DOI: 10.1093/he/9780198811077.003.0016
Elizabeth Fisher, Bettina Lange, E. Scotford
{"title":"16. Waste Regulation","authors":"Elizabeth Fisher, Bettina Lange, E. Scotford","doi":"10.1093/he/9780198811077.003.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198811077.003.0016","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter focuses on waste regulation and how the notion of ‘waste’, which can give rise to serious environmental and health problems, is a legally constructed one. Unlike other pollution control regimes, waste regulation is focused on an identified pollution source, which is defined and characterized in legal terms. The chapter shows how difficult it can be to make the legal distinction between waste and non-waste. In regulating waste, there is a fundamental tension between minimizing the polluting impacts of waste (making waste a firm focus for regulation), and encouraging secondary markets that promote discarded material as a resource rather than a potential pollution problem (where ‘waste’ can be a poor characterization of material). Legal disputes over the definition of waste and how waste should be regulated are grappling with this policy tension in an increasingly circular economy for natural resources.","PeriodicalId":81171,"journal":{"name":"Environmental law (Northwestern School of Law)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47700391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Choice of Regulatory Instruments in Environmental Policy 环境政策中监管工具的选择
Environmental law (Northwestern School of Law) Pub Date : 2019-01-15 DOI: 10.4324/9781315194288-10
N. Keohane, Richard L. Revesz, Robert Stavins
{"title":"The Choice of Regulatory Instruments in Environmental Policy","authors":"N. Keohane, Richard L. Revesz, Robert Stavins","doi":"10.4324/9781315194288-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315194288-10","url":null,"abstract":"An automatic fire extinguishing system comprising a plurality of fire extinguishing nozzles mounted on a tank containing an extinguishant under pressure, an electrically actuated valve associated with each nozzle, a heat and smoke detector for controlling each valve, and a communication circuit for sending out an alarm in response to a hazardous condition.","PeriodicalId":81171,"journal":{"name":"Environmental law (Northwestern School of Law)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46650794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 90
Prescriptions for the Commons: Environmental Scholarship and the Fishing Quotas Debate† 公地的处方:环境学术与捕捞配额之争
Environmental law (Northwestern School of Law) Pub Date : 2019-01-15 DOI: 10.4324/9781315194288-3
A. Rieser
{"title":"Prescriptions for the Commons: Environmental Scholarship and the Fishing Quotas Debate†","authors":"A. Rieser","doi":"10.4324/9781315194288-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315194288-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":81171,"journal":{"name":"Environmental law (Northwestern School of Law)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47625187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Reflexive Environmental Law 反身性环境法
Environmental law (Northwestern School of Law) Pub Date : 2019-01-15 DOI: 10.4324/9781315194288-8
Eric W. Orts
{"title":"Reflexive Environmental Law","authors":"Eric W. Orts","doi":"10.4324/9781315194288-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315194288-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":81171,"journal":{"name":"Environmental law (Northwestern School of Law)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47398441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 35
Free Market Versus Political Environmentalism 自由市场与政治环保主义
Environmental law (Northwestern School of Law) Pub Date : 2019-01-15 DOI: 10.4324/9781315194288-2
T. Anderson, D. R. Leal
{"title":"Free Market Versus Political Environmentalism","authors":"T. Anderson, D. R. Leal","doi":"10.4324/9781315194288-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315194288-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":81171,"journal":{"name":"Environmental law (Northwestern School of Law)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48571986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
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