Deep-sea research. Part A, Oceanographic research papers最新文献_第9页

Abundance and feeding ecology of larger protozooplankton in the ice edge zone of the Weddell and Scotia Seas during the austral winter 南方冬季威德尔海和斯科舍海冰缘区大型原生浮游动物的丰度和摄食生态

Deep-sea research. Part A, Oceanographic research papers Pub Date : 1992-05-01 Epub Date: 2003-04-10 DOI: 10.1016/0198-0149(92)90128-G

Marcia M. Gowing , David L. Garrison

{"title":"Abundance and feeding ecology of larger protozooplankton in the ice edge zone of the Weddell and Scotia Seas during the austral winter","authors":"Marcia M. Gowing , David L. Garrison","doi":"10.1016/0198-0149(92)90128-G","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0198-0149(92)90128-G","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Biomasses, abundances and feeding ecology of larger (> 50 μm diameter) protozooplankton were studied in the upper 210 m in the ice edge zone of the Weddell/Scotia Sea area in the austral winter of 1988. Sixty-liter water samples were taken at five depths at 17 stations, and organisms were concentrated by reverse-flow filtration. Mean abundances of the total assemblage of larger protozooplankton (radiolarians, formaminiferans, acantharians, the heliozoan Sticholonche, tintinnid and aloricate ciliates, and thecate and athecate dinoflagellates) ranged from 2040 to 3745 M−3 in the upper 210 m. Biomass ranged from 33 to 48 μg C m−3 in the upper 85 m, and from 32 to 54 μg C m−3 from 115 to 210 m. Phaeodarian radiolarians larger than 1.6 mm (sampled with plummet nets) contributed an additional 3 μg C m−3 in the upper 100 m and an additional 7 μg C m−3 from 100 to 200 m. These abundances and biomasses are lower than for other seasons in the Antarctic, but are comparable to abundances reported for several of these groups in lower latitude waters. We attribute the low winter abundances to slower growth and reduced food, rather than to increased mortality. The large protozooplankton are trophically diverse; in addition to heterotrophy on a variety of organisms, we found apparent evidence of mixotrophy and symbiosis in some of the groups. The large protozooplankton fed on both autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms in winter, although the biomass of smaller forms is dominated by heterotrophs. Feeding on detrital particles also was indicated by the presence of siliceous fragments in vacuoles. The larger protozooplankton in the winter ice edge zone may be important in reducing particle flux to the deep sea and as a food source for larger zooplankton, especially from the base of the euphotic zone to 210 m.</div>","PeriodicalId":81079,"journal":{"name":"Deep-sea research. Part A, Oceanographic research papers","volume":"39 5","pages":"Pages 893-919"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0198-0149(92)90128-G","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"109757904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 46

Sunrise swimmers bias acoustic Doppler current profiles 日出游泳者偏声多普勒电流剖面

Deep-sea research. Part A, Oceanographic research papers Pub Date : 1992-05-01 Epub Date: 2003-04-10 DOI: 10.1016/0198-0149(92)90127-F

C.D. Wilson , E. Firing

引用次数: 37

Protozoan numbers and biomass in the sediments of the Blake Outer Ridge 布莱克外脊沉积物中的原生动物数量和生物量

Deep-sea research. Part A, Oceanographic research papers Pub Date : 1992-05-01 Epub Date: 2003-04-10 DOI: 10.1016/0198-0149(92)90121-9

Jennifer R. Cunningham , Joseph F. Ustach

{"title":"Protozoan numbers and biomass in the sediments of the Blake Outer Ridge","authors":"Jennifer R. Cunningham , Joseph F. Ustach","doi":"10.1016/0198-0149(92)90121-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0198-0149(92)90121-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Numbers and biomass of protozoans from the top centimetres of sediment were estimated from four box cores, one taken at 135 m on the shelf and the other three along the crest (2411–3833 m water depth) of the Blake Outer Ridge (BOR). The mean numbers of protozoans ranged from 165 to 964 cm−3, and biomass estimates ranged from 2.2 to 33 × 10−4 mg cm−3. The lowest numbers and smallest biomass were found at the shelf station. Protozoan biomass along the BOR was an order of magnitude greater, ranging from 2.0 to 3.3 × 10−3 mg cm−3, while total numbers ranged from 347 to 964 cm−3. Ciliates dominated at almost all depths but showed no trend with depth. Amoebas increased and flagellates decreased with depth. Based on variance to mean ratios for these samples, the benthic protozoan population has a clumped distribution. We found no relation of protozoan numbers with sediment bacterial numbers, porosity of the surface se sediments, and per cent total organic carbon of the sediments.</div>","PeriodicalId":81079,"journal":{"name":"Deep-sea research. Part A, Oceanographic research papers","volume":"39 5","pages":"Pages 789-794"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0198-0149(92)90121-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92884096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

List of contents for continental shelf research published issues of Volume 12 第12卷已出版的大陆架研究目录

Deep-sea research. Part A, Oceanographic research papers Pub Date : 1992-05-01 Epub Date: 2003-04-10 DOI: 10.1016/0198-0149(92)90129-H

引用次数: 0

Respiration rates of bathyal meiobenthos collected using a deep-sea submersible SHINKAI 2000 深海潜水器新海2000收集的深海小底栖动物的呼吸速率

Deep-sea research. Part A, Oceanographic research papers Pub Date : 1992-05-01 Epub Date: 2003-04-10 DOI: 10.1016/0198-0149(92)90120-I

Yoshihisa Shirayama

{"title":"Respiration rates of bathyal meiobenthos collected using a deep-sea submersible SHINKAI 2000","authors":"Yoshihisa Shirayama","doi":"10.1016/0198-0149(92)90120-I","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0198-0149(92)90120-I","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Respiration rates of deep-sea meiofaunal nematodes, polychaetes, aplacophorans and copepods were measured individually using a Cartesian diver technique. The organisms were extracted from sediments collected using a deep-sea submersible SHINKAI 2000 in the area off Sanriku, northeastern Japan (depth = 1500 m), and in Suruga Bay, Central Japan (depth = 1350 m). In spite of rapid decompression, animals respired actively at cool (5°C) condition close to the ambient temperature. A significant relationship was found between the rate of respiration (R) and body volume (V) with an equation, log10R = log10a + blog10V, for nematodes and other meiofaunal taxa. In both equations, b was not statistically different (t-test) from 0.75, the value commonly ascribed to other organisms. The metabolic intensity (MI) was calculated as the value of log10a at V = 1 and b = 0.75 to compare the respiration rates between different species under standard conditions. Within deep-sea meiofauna, the mean MI of nematodes (−0.059) was higher than that of other groups (polychaetes: −0.55; aplacophorans: −0.46; copepods: −0.67). Nematode MI was not related to feeding type nor to water depth. In the case of copepods and polychaetes, no difference was found with reported results for shallow-water species.</div>","PeriodicalId":81079,"journal":{"name":"Deep-sea research. Part A, Oceanographic research papers","volume":"39 5","pages":"Pages 781-788"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0198-0149(92)90120-I","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"100439945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 21

Colloid transport and bacterial utilization of oceanic DOC 海洋DOC的胶体转运与细菌利用

Deep-sea research. Part A, Oceanographic research papers Pub Date : 1992-05-01 Epub Date: 2003-04-10 DOI: 10.1016/0198-0149(92)90125-D

Bruce D. Johnson , Paul E. Kepkay

{"title":"Colloid transport and bacterial utilization of oceanic DOC","authors":"Bruce D. Johnson , Paul E. Kepkay","doi":"10.1016/0198-0149(92)90125-D","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0198-0149(92)90125-D","url":null,"abstract":"<div>A substantial amount of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) may exist as biologically-labile colloids in seawater, but the way in which bacteria gain access to this globally-significant reservoir of carbon remains unknown. Models of collision efficiency and the transport of colloids to bacteria by Brownian motion, turbulent shear and bacterial swimming suggest that a significant fraction of this carbon could escape degradation by virtue of its particle size characteristics. Collisions between bacteria and colloid-sized particles are influenced primarily by short-range surface and hydrodynamic forces, and bacterial cells are transported least efficiently to particles of their own diameter (≈ 1 gmm). When the models are modified to admit the possibility that bacteria have developed specific strategies to enhance their collision with particles, the transport minimum is forced by bacterial swimming to smaller colloid sizes (between 0.1 and 0.3 μm in diameter). A comparison of modelled transport rates to those derived from respiration measurements suggests that, in natural seawater, the collision efficiency (E) between bacteria and colloid-sized particles falls between an upper limit, when E is equal to a maximum of one, and a lower limit, when E is controlled by short-range surface and hydrodynamic forces. This comparison highlights the importance of coagulation and the formation of bacterial-colloid aggregates before larger colloids can be utilized efficiently by the bacteria and recycled to CO2 by their respiration.</div>","PeriodicalId":81079,"journal":{"name":"Deep-sea research. Part A, Oceanographic research papers","volume":"39 5","pages":"Pages 855-869"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0198-0149(92)90125-D","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"112207603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 41

Occurrence and characterization of particulate proteins in the Pacific Ocean 太平洋中颗粒蛋白的发生和特征

Deep-sea research. Part A, Oceanographic research papers Pub Date : 1992-05-01 Epub Date: 2003-04-10 DOI: 10.1016/0198-0149(92)90118-D

Eiichiro Tanoue

{"title":"Occurrence and characterization of particulate proteins in the Pacific Ocean","authors":"Eiichiro Tanoue","doi":"10.1016/0198-0149(92)90118-D","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0198-0149(92)90118-D","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The occurrence of particulate proteins and the molecular characteristics of such proteins are reported here for the first time from analyses of particulate matter samples from a water column profile taken in the North Pacific Ocean and the Bering Sea. Particulate proteins were solubilized and separated by electrophoresis on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels (SDS-PAGE). Two characteristic groups of proteins were identified from the vertical changes in their molecular distribution. The first group, derived directly from organisms, mainly phytoplankton, was made up of a large number of proteins, each present at relatively low levels, and with widely ranging molecular weights. The concentrations of proteins in this group decreased rapidly with depth, generally to zero in deep waters, indicating that these proteins are very susceptible to biological degradation. The second group included specific proteins distributed over a limited range of molecular weights between 45,000 and 66,000 daltons. These were the most abundant protein constituents in particulate organic matter (POM) from the intermediate and deep waters, and may be resistant to biological attack, although the source and the chemical nature of the specific proteins are not clear.</div>","PeriodicalId":81079,"journal":{"name":"Deep-sea research. Part A, Oceanographic research papers","volume":"39 5","pages":"Pages 743-761"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0198-0149(92)90118-D","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"107868278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 35

Effect of Rϱ on double diffusive interleaving Rϱ对双扩散交织的影响

Deep-sea research. Part A, Oceanographic research papers Pub Date : 1992-05-01 Epub Date: 2003-04-10 DOI: 10.1016/0198-0149(92)90126-E

Myriam Bormans

{"title":"Effect of Rϱ on double diffusive interleaving","authors":"Myriam Bormans","doi":"10.1016/0198-0149(92)90126-E","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0198-0149(92)90126-E","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The role of the density ratio during double diffusive interleaving is investigated experimentally. A sharp vertical front is created by lifting a barrier separating two stratified compartments of different T-S composition but similar density. The environment is either stably stratified in both components or double diffusively stratified in the diffusive sense. Interleaving layers driven entirely by double diffusive processes start to form and to propagate horizontally. The observed thickness of the intrusions agrees well with the predicted vertical scale of Ruddick and Turner [Deep-Sea Research, 26, 903–913 (1979)] when the stratification is doubly stable, and is found to be smaller in the diffusive case, as can be predicted from Linden's [Deep-Sea Research, 23, 895–908 (1976)] formula. The cross-frontal flux is independent of the stability of the environment except when the environment is double diffusively stratified in the diffusive sense and the gradient of the unstable component is at least 66% that of the stable component. In this latter case the cross-frontal flux is larger than for a double stable environment, as an extra source of potential energy is already present in the unstably stratified component. A parametrization of the cross-frontal flux is given in terms of the vertical finger flux. These results are applied to oceanic Meddies and to the survival of the core region of a Meddy against lateral intrusions.</div>","PeriodicalId":81079,"journal":{"name":"Deep-sea research. Part A, Oceanographic research papers","volume":"39 5","pages":"Pages 871-884"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0198-0149(92)90126-E","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"112085109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Cell cycle distributions of prochlorophytes in the north western Mediterranean Sea 地中海西北部原绿藻的细胞周期分布

Deep-sea research. Part A, Oceanographic research papers Pub Date : 1992-05-01 Epub Date: 2003-04-10 DOI: 10.1016/0198-0149(92)90117-C

Daniel Vaulot , Frédéric Partensky

{"title":"Cell cycle distributions of prochlorophytes in the north western Mediterranean Sea","authors":"Daniel Vaulot , Frédéric Partensky","doi":"10.1016/0198-0149(92)90117-C","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0198-0149(92)90117-C","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Natural populations of oceanic prochlorophytes were sampled from the northwestern Mediterranean Sea in winter, stained with the DNA-specific fluorochrome DAPI, and analysed by flow cytometry. DNA histograms exhibited two peaks (G1 and G2 cells, containing one and two genome copies, respectively), separated by a trough of DNA-synthesizing cells (S cells). This suggested a cell cycle with a discrete S phase similar to that observed in eucaryotes or slow-growing procaryotes. Nitrogen and light were the two key environmental factors controlling the in situ cell cycle distributions of this procaryote. When nitrate levels were below 0.4 μM or light below 0.1% of the surface intensity, most of the cells were found in G1, suggesting that they were not actively cycling. Cells arrested in G1 could be induced to cycle into S + G2 by incubating them with added nitrogen. Response was a function of initial nitrate concentration and decreased with depth, indicating that it was modulated by available light. These findings strongly suggest that prochlorophytes, which are one of the key components of the picoplankton community, may grow slowly in nitrogen-depleted waters, but still have the potential to respond quickly to nitrogen pulses.</div>","PeriodicalId":81079,"journal":{"name":"Deep-sea research. Part A, Oceanographic research papers","volume":"39 5","pages":"Pages 727-742"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0198-0149(92)90117-C","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"93387064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 87

Ocean color remote-sensing and the subsurface vertical structure of phytoplankton pigments 海洋颜色遥感与浮游植物色素的地下垂直结构

Deep-sea research. Part A, Oceanographic research papers Pub Date : 1992-05-01 Epub Date: 2003-04-10 DOI: 10.1016/0198-0149(92)90119-E

Jean-Michel André

{"title":"Ocean color remote-sensing and the subsurface vertical structure of phytoplankton pigments","authors":"Jean-Michel André","doi":"10.1016/0198-0149(92)90119-E","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0198-0149(92)90119-E","url":null,"abstract":"<div>In order to use to the best advantage the phytoplankton pigment concentration estimates obtained by observing the ocean from space, it is important to evaluate what information they actually provide concerning the vertical distribution of the pigments within the surface layer. By using an optical model, the satellite estimate is predicted for oceans with various vertical pigment profiles. Simulations made for selected modeled profiles show that the satellite estimate differs from the concentration at the very surface only when abrupt vertical variations occur within the first few meters of the ocean upper layer. Simulations made for a large number of actual profiles measured in situ show that such situations are exceptional in the ocean and that the satellite, as a general rule, provides an estimate of a truly “near-surface” concentration. The currently used “optically weighted concentration” is shown to provide an inadequate representation of the satellite estimate where stratification effects are significant. In common oceanic situations, in contrast, this concept is quite acceptable but can be safely replaced by a more simple (arithmetic and non-optical) depth average of the upper pigment profile.</div>","PeriodicalId":81079,"journal":{"name":"Deep-sea research. Part A, Oceanographic research papers","volume":"39 5","pages":"Pages 763-779"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0198-0149(92)90119-E","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"109606939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 37