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Bulletin of medical ethics最新文献

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Euthanasia and assisted dying 安乐死和辅助死亡
Bulletin of medical ethics Pub Date : 2021-03-17 DOI: 10.4324/9781003089346-7
Catherine Proot, M. Yorke
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引用次数: 2
Genetic Testing of Children 儿童基因测试
Bulletin of medical ethics Pub Date : 2006-09-15 DOI: 10.1002/9780470015902.A0005620
A. Procter
{"title":"Genetic Testing of Children","authors":"A. Procter","doi":"10.1002/9780470015902.A0005620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470015902.A0005620","url":null,"abstract":"It is generally well recognized and accepted that opportunities exist to test individuals for genetic disorders; however, the application of such genetic testing during childhood is subject to controversy and debate. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Keywords: \u0000 \u0000genetic testing; \u0000childhood testing; \u0000predictive test; \u0000presymptomatic test; \u0000carrier test; \u0000adult-onset disorders; \u0000consent","PeriodicalId":80800,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of medical ethics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"51132972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Genetics and Insurance 遗传学与保险
Bulletin of medical ethics Pub Date : 2006-09-15 DOI: 10.1002/9780470012505.TAG006
A. MacDonald
{"title":"Genetics and Insurance","authors":"A. MacDonald","doi":"10.1002/9780470012505.TAG006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470012505.TAG006","url":null,"abstract":"Most actuarial modeling has concentrated on single-gene disorders, because it necessarily relies on genetic epidemiology to parameterize any models, and that is where the epidemiology is most advanced. We can identify two broad approaches. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000A top-down approach treats whole classes of genetic disorder as if they were homogeneous. This avoids the need to model individual disorders in detail, which in the case of multifactorial disorders may be impossible just now anyway. If, under extremely adverse assumptions, either extra premiums or the costs of adverse selection are small, this is a useful general conclusion; see for examples. In the long run, this approach is limited. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000A bottom-up approach involves detailed modeling of individual disorders, and estimating the overall premium increases or costs of adverse selection by aggregation. Examples include models of breast cancer and ovarian cancer, Huntington's Disease, early-onset Alzheimer's Disease, adult polycystic kidney disease and Alzheimer's Disease. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Keywords: \u0000 \u0000adverse selection; \u0000discrimination; \u0000critical illness insurance; \u0000genetics; \u0000insurance law; \u0000life insurance; \u0000underwriting","PeriodicalId":80800,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of medical ethics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/9780470012505.TAG006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"51133197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 15
Ethics and the European countries in transition--the past and the future. 伦理与转型中的欧洲国家——过去与未来。
Bulletin of medical ethics Pub Date : 2006-04-01
Ana Borovecki, Henk ten Have, Stiepan Oreskovic
{"title":"Ethics and the European countries in transition--the past and the future.","authors":"Ana Borovecki,&nbsp;Henk ten Have,&nbsp;Stiepan Oreskovic","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper surveys the situation regarding bioethical issues in the European transitional societies. It aims at exploring past, present and future characteristics of bioethics in the European countries in transitions, analysing similarities, differences and common themes together with the historical development of bioethics. By carefully studying articles published since the early 1990s, one can perceive a number of bioethical issues, varying from specificities for certain countries to similar problems for all transitional European societies. It seems that more than 15 years after the fall of the Berlin Wall, Central and Eastern European societies were able to achieve significant improvements in the development of bioethics. However, looking at the bioethical issues important for European transitional societies, it seems that the invisible wall between eastern and western European societies is still there and that it will take years to remove it.</p>","PeriodicalId":80800,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of medical ethics","volume":" 214","pages":"15-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26421905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abortion Act and incidence of legal abortions in the Republic of Croatia. 《堕胎法》和克罗地亚共和国合法堕胎的发生率。
Bulletin of medical ethics Pub Date : 2006-04-01
Nenad Hlaca
{"title":"Abortion Act and incidence of legal abortions in the Republic of Croatia.","authors":"Nenad Hlaca","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":80800,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of medical ethics","volume":" 214","pages":"26-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26421908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Assisted dying: a critique of the theological objections. 协助死亡:对神学异议的批判。
Bulletin of medical ethics Pub Date : 2006-04-01
Andrew Linzey
{"title":"Assisted dying: a critique of the theological objections.","authors":"Andrew Linzey","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":80800,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of medical ethics","volume":" 214","pages":"21-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26421438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Are ethnic minorities excluded from clinical research? 少数民族是否被排除在临床研究之外?
Bulletin of medical ethics Pub Date : 2005-10-01
Harry Chan, Kieran Moriarty
{"title":"Are ethnic minorities excluded from clinical research?","authors":"Harry Chan,&nbsp;Kieran Moriarty","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Under-representation and limited participation of ethnic minorities in clinical research is a source of concern.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We examined the responses of researchers to the question regarding translation provision for ethnic minorities in 43 successive research applications made to Bolton Local Research Ethics Committee between April 2002 and March 2003.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Translation services were provided in only ten applications. Reasons for omission included lack of funding, a small, student or pilot project, difficult analysis or invalidation of results and a perception of a low chance of encountering ethnic minorities. Eight gave no justification.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>Applicants and grant-giving bodies must fully provide for translation facilities in all future research studies, in order to ensure that research evidence made available to policy makers reflects the diversity of our multicultural population.</p>","PeriodicalId":80800,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of medical ethics","volume":" 211","pages":"22-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26473193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Universal Declaration on Bioethics & Human Rights. 世界生命伦理与人权宣言。
Bulletin of medical ethics Pub Date : 2005-10-01
{"title":"Universal Declaration on Bioethics & Human Rights.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":80800,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of medical ethics","volume":" 211","pages":"11-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26473189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Brain donation for research: consent and re-consent post Alder Hey. 脑捐赠研究:同意和重新同意后阿尔德嘿。
Bulletin of medical ethics Pub Date : 2005-10-01
Linda Barnes, Fiona E Matthews, Brenda Barber, Lorys Davies, Diana Lloyd, Carol Brayne, Bronwyn Parry
{"title":"Brain donation for research: consent and re-consent post Alder Hey.","authors":"Linda Barnes,&nbsp;Fiona E Matthews,&nbsp;Brenda Barber,&nbsp;Lorys Davies,&nbsp;Diana Lloyd,&nbsp;Carol Brayne,&nbsp;Bronwyn Parry","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recent scandals relating to the unconsented retention and use of human organs in the UK have led to widespread changes to governance and ethical frameworks for research throughout England and Wales. Ethics committees now ask for proof of specific consent where general medical research consent was once sufficient. In order to meet these new requirements ongoing medical research studies have had to replace existing consent forms with more detailed ones that must be signed anew by prospective donors. In this paper we discuss how one such study has tackled this process of re-consent.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The MRC Cognitive Function and Ageing Study has recently been asked to consider renewal of consent on all individuals with existing signed intentions to donate brain tissue. We approached 218 of our respondents successfully for more detailed consent.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All agreed to genetic research and only a very small proportion did not want samples used by commercial companies or collaborators abroad. Our interviewers reported that respondents were perplexed by the need to give consent again with more detailed forms, as they considered they had already received sufficient information and had given implicit consent for all the detailed uses of their tissues and their original signing of a broad consent.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Such re-consenting has considerable implications for study infrastructure and costs of research. It did not alter the outcome and it seems unlikely that the public, or our respondents, would see regular updating of consent to constitute an efficient use of public research funds.</p>","PeriodicalId":80800,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of medical ethics","volume":" 211","pages":"17-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26473191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Determinant role of education in the ethical aspects of resuscitation: a German/Hungarian comparison. 教育在复苏伦理方面的决定性作用:德国/匈牙利的比较。
Bulletin of medical ethics Pub Date : 2005-10-01
Marta Dobos, Csaba Dioszeghy, Balazs Hauser, Gabor Elo
{"title":"Determinant role of education in the ethical aspects of resuscitation: a German/Hungarian comparison.","authors":"Marta Dobos,&nbsp;Csaba Dioszeghy,&nbsp;Balazs Hauser,&nbsp;Gabor Elo","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Unlabelled: </strong>Introduction, objectives: Bioethical principles concerning Do Not Attempt Resuscitation (DNAR) orders are connected significantly with education according to our previous investigation. In order to confirm the hypothesis, Hungarian results were compared with the data gained from a highly qualified homogeneous group of German doctors, showing similar cultural traditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The questionnaire investigated the factors influencing DNAR orders as functions of intensive medical experience, ideological view and professional education, using a 5-point visual analogue scale. Answers were assigned to categories of autonomy, futility, obtainable quality of life, resource utilization and a category of other factors detailed later.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The DNAR decision and termination of resuscitation are to almost the same extent determined by futility (3.29+-0.75; 3.49+-0.71) and obtainable quality of life (3.13+-1.31; 3.47+-1.34). The opinion of head of department was also important (3.24+-1.35; 3.23+-1.36). Patient's autonomy played an important role (3.15+-0.85; 2.36+-1.48) in decision making. In comparison with the Hungarian results, the only significant difference was found in the field of patient's autonomy in both not starting (p<0.0002) and terminating resuscitation (p<0.02) in favour of German doctors respecting it.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The results support the original hypothesis that consideration of modern bioethical principles, and especially the patient's autonomy are related to the level of the doctor's education. Comparing to Hungarian data there is only a minimal difference in other bioethical points, while the population of German doctors interviewed appreciated the patient's autonomy significantly higher. There should be greater discussion of ethical considerations in cardiopulmonary resuscitation education.</p>","PeriodicalId":80800,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of medical ethics","volume":" 211","pages":"25-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26473195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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