Annual review of plant physiology and plant molecular biology最新文献_第3页

THE COHESION-TENSION MECHANISM AND THE ACQUISITION OF WATER BY PLANT ROOTS. 植物根系内聚-张力机制与水分获取。

Annual review of plant physiology and plant molecular biology Pub Date : 2001-06-01 DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV.ARPLANT.52.1.847

E. Steudle

引用次数: 378

ALKALOID BIOSYNTHESIS IN PLANTS: Biochemistry, Cell Biology, Molecular Regulation, and Metabolic Engineering Applications. 植物生物碱合成:生物化学、细胞生物学、分子调控和代谢工程应用。

Annual review of plant physiology and plant molecular biology Pub Date : 2001-06-01 DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV.ARPLANT.52.1.29

P. Facchini

{"title":"ALKALOID BIOSYNTHESIS IN PLANTS: Biochemistry, Cell Biology, Molecular Regulation, and Metabolic Engineering Applications.","authors":"P. Facchini","doi":"10.1146/ANNUREV.ARPLANT.52.1.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV.ARPLANT.52.1.29","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advances in the cell, developmental, and molecular biology of alkaloid biosynthesis have heightened our appreciation for the complexity and importance of plant secondary pathways. Several biosynthetic genes involved in the formation of tropane, benzylisoquinoline, and terpenoid indole alkaloids have now been isolated. The early events of signal perception, the pathways of signal transduction, and the function of gene promoters have been studied in relation to the regulation of alkaloid metabolism. Enzymes involved in alkaloid biosynthesis are associated with diverse subcellular compartments including the cytosol, vacuole, tonoplast membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, chloroplast stroma, thylakoid membranes, and perhaps unique \"biosynthetic\" or transport vesicles. Localization studies have shown that sequential alkaloid biosynthetic enzymes can also occur in distinct cell types, suggesting the intercellular transport of pathway intermediates. Isolated genes have also been used to genetically alter the accumulation of specific alkaloids and other plant secondary metabolites. Metabolic modifications include increased indole alkaloid levels, altered tropane alkaloid accumulation, elevated serotonin synthesis, reduced indole glucosinolate production, redirected shikimate metabolism, and increased cell wall-bound tyramine formation. This review discusses the biochemistry, cell biology, molecular regulation, and metabolic engineering of alkaloid biosynthesis in plants.","PeriodicalId":80493,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of plant physiology and plant molecular biology","volume":"52 1","pages":"29-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/ANNUREV.ARPLANT.52.1.29","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64259417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 582

ONE-CARBON METABOLISM IN HIGHER PLANTS. 高等植物的单碳代谢。

Annual review of plant physiology and plant molecular biology Pub Date : 2001-06-01 DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV.ARPLANT.52.1.119

A. Hanson, S. Roje

引用次数: 406

PLANT MITOCHONDRIA AND OXIDATIVE STRESS: Electron Transport, NADPH Turnover, and Metabolism of Reactive Oxygen Species. 植物线粒体和氧化应激:电子传递、NADPH转换和活性氧代谢。

Annual review of plant physiology and plant molecular biology Pub Date : 2001-06-01 DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV.ARPLANT.52.1.561

I. Møller

{"title":"PLANT MITOCHONDRIA AND OXIDATIVE STRESS: Electron Transport, NADPH Turnover, and Metabolism of Reactive Oxygen Species.","authors":"I. Møller","doi":"10.1146/ANNUREV.ARPLANT.52.1.561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV.ARPLANT.52.1.561","url":null,"abstract":"The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as O2- and H2O2, is an unavoidable consequence of aerobic metabolism. In plant cells the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is a major site of ROS production. In addition to complexes I-IV, the plant mitochondrial ETC contains a non-proton-pumping alternative oxidase as well as two rotenone-insensitive, non-proton-pumping NAD(P)H dehydrogenases on each side of the inner membrane: NDex on the outer surface and NDin on the inner surface. Because of their dependence on Ca2+, the two NDex may be active only when the plant cell is stressed. Complex I is the main enzyme oxidizing NADH under normal conditions and is also a major site of ROS production, together with complex III. The alternative oxidase and possibly NDin(NADH) function to limit mitochondrial ROS production by keeping the ETC relatively oxidized. Several enzymes are found in the matrix that, together with small antioxidants such as glutathione, help remove ROS. The antioxidants are kept in a reduced state by matrix NADPH produced by NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase and non-proton-pumping transhydrogenase activities. When these defenses are overwhelmed, as occurs during both biotic and abiotic stress, the mitochondria are damaged by oxidative stress.","PeriodicalId":80493,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of plant physiology and plant molecular biology","volume":"52 1","pages":"561-591"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/ANNUREV.ARPLANT.52.1.561","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64260224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1592

CYTOKINESIS AND BUILDING OF THE CELL PLATE IN PLANTS. 植物细胞质分裂和细胞板的构建。

Annual review of plant physiology and plant molecular biology Pub Date : 2001-06-01 DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV.ARPLANT.52.1.751

D. Verma

{"title":"CYTOKINESIS AND BUILDING OF THE CELL PLATE IN PLANTS.","authors":"D. Verma","doi":"10.1146/ANNUREV.ARPLANT.52.1.751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV.ARPLANT.52.1.751","url":null,"abstract":"Cytokinesis in plant cells is more complex than in animals, as it involves building a cell plate as the final step in generating two cells. The cell plate is built in the center of phragmoplast by fusion of Golgi-derived vesicles. This step imposes an architectural problem where ballooning of the fused structures has to be avoided to create a plate instead. This is apparently achieved by squeezing the vesicles into dumbbell-shaped vesicle-tubule-vesicle (VTV) structures with the help of phragmoplastin, a homolog of dynamin. These structures are fused at their ends in a star-shaped body creating a tubulovesicular \"honeycomb-like\" structure sandwiched between the positive ends of the phragmoplast microtubules. This review summarizes our current understanding of various mechanisms involved in budding-off of Golgi vesicles, delivery and fusion of vesicles to initiate cell plate, and the synthesis of polysaccharides at the forming cell plate. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved in determining the site, direction, and the point of attachment of the growing cell plate with the parental cell wall. These gaps may be filled soon, as many genes that have been identified by mutations are analyzed and functions of their products are deciphered.","PeriodicalId":80493,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of plant physiology and plant molecular biology","volume":"52 1","pages":"751-784"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/ANNUREV.ARPLANT.52.1.751","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64260458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 180

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF FRUIT MATURATION AND RIPENING. 果实成熟与成熟的分子生物学。

Annual review of plant physiology and plant molecular biology Pub Date : 2001-06-01 DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV.ARPLANT.52.1.725

J. Giovannoni

引用次数: 928

BIOSYNTHESIS OF ASCORBIC ACID IN PLANTS: A Renaissance. 植物中抗坏血酸的生物合成:复兴。

Annual review of plant physiology and plant molecular biology Pub Date : 2001-06-01 DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV.ARPLANT.52.1.437

N. Smirnoff, P. L. Conklin, F. Loewus

{"title":"BIOSYNTHESIS OF ASCORBIC ACID IN PLANTS: A Renaissance.","authors":"N. Smirnoff, P. L. Conklin, F. Loewus","doi":"10.1146/ANNUREV.ARPLANT.52.1.437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV.ARPLANT.52.1.437","url":null,"abstract":"The structure of the familiar antioxidant L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) was described in 1933 yet remarkably, its biosynthesis in plants remained elusive until only recently. It became clear from radioisotopic labeling studies in the 1950s that plant ascorbic acid biosynthesis does not proceed in toto via a route similar to that in mammals. The description in 1996 of an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant deficient in ascorbic acid prompted renewed research effort in this area, and subsequently in 1998 a new pathway was discovered that is backed by strong biochemical and molecular genetic evidence. This pathway proceeds through the intermediates GDP-D-mannose, L-galactose, and L-galactono-1,4-lactone. Much research has focused on the properties of the terminal enzyme responsible for conversion of the aldonolactone to ascorbate, and on related enzymes in both mammals and fungi. Two of the plant biosynthetic genes have been studied at the molecular level and additional ascorbate-deficient A. thaliana mutants may hold the key to other proteins involved in plant ascorbate metabolism. An analysis of the biosynthesis of ascorbate and its analogues in algae and fungi as well as the study of alternative proposed pathways should broaden our understanding of ascorbate metabolism in plants. With a biosynthetic pathway in hand, research on areas such as the control of ascorbate biosynthesis and the physiological roles of ascorbate should progress rapidly.","PeriodicalId":80493,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of plant physiology and plant molecular biology","volume":"11 1","pages":"437-467"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/ANNUREV.ARPLANT.52.1.437","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64259920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 437

TRANSPORTERS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE UPTAKE AND PARTITIONING OF NITROGENOUS SOLUTES. 负责吸收和分配含氮溶质的转运体。

Annual review of plant physiology and plant molecular biology Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV.ARPLANT.52.1.659

Lefebvre Williams, A. Miller

引用次数: 306

SIGNALING TO THE ACTIN CYTOSKELETON IN PLANTS. 植物中肌动蛋白细胞骨架的信号。

Annual review of plant physiology and plant molecular biology Pub Date : 2000-06-01 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.arplant.51.1.257

Chris J. Staiger

{"title":"SIGNALING TO THE ACTIN CYTOSKELETON IN PLANTS.","authors":"Chris J. Staiger","doi":"10.1146/annurev.arplant.51.1.257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.51.1.257","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plants have developed finely tuned, cellular mechanisms to respond to a variety of intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli. In several examples, these responses necessitate rearrangements of the cytoplasm that are coordinated by a network of actin microfilaments and microtubules, dynamic polymers collectively known as the cytoskeleton. This review focuses on five different cellular responses in which the actin cytoskeleton redistributes following extracellular stimulation: pollen tube tip growth and the self-incompatibility response; root hair responses to bacterial nodulation factors; light-mediated plastid positioning; nonhost resistance to fungal attack; and guard cell shape and turgor changes. For each of these systems, there is reasonable knowledge about what signals induce the plant response and the function(s) of the actin rearrangement. This review aims to build beyond a description of cytoskeletal changes and look at specific actin-binding proteins that have been implicated as effectors of each response, as sites of action for second messengers, and as fundamental coordinators of actin dynamics.</p>","PeriodicalId":80493,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of plant physiology and plant molecular biology","volume":" ","pages":"257-288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev.arplant.51.1.257","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40834189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 314

SELENIUM IN HIGHER PLANTS. 高等植物中的硒。

Annual review of plant physiology and plant molecular biology Pub Date : 2000-06-01 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.arplant.51.1.401

N. Terry, A. M. Zayed, M. P. De Souza, A. S. Tarun

引用次数: 1240