Annals (Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada)最新文献_第2页

Routine advance directive and organ donation questioning on admission to hospital. 入院时常规预嘱与器官捐献询问。

Annals (Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada) Pub Date : 2002-06-01

Vidal Essebag, Marcelo Cantarovich, Gordon Crelinsten

{"title":"Routine advance directive and organ donation questioning on admission to hospital.","authors":"Vidal Essebag, Marcelo Cantarovich, Gordon Crelinsten","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine whether routine questioning on admission to hospital can identify patients who do not want cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) or intensive-care unit (ICU) admission. We also determined whether routine questioning can identify patients interested in organ donation. Finally, we determined whether routine questioning helps train housestaff to discuss end-of-life issues with patients.Methods: The housestaff of an internal-medicine ward questioned admitted patients about previous discussions regarding resuscitation or organ donation, and about preferences regarding CPR, ICU, and organ donation.Results: Of 40 patients who had never discussed CPR and ICU issues, 25 per cent preferred no CPR, and 18 per cent preferred no ICU. Of 24 patients who had never discussed organ-donation issues, 67 per cent were interested in being donors. All housestaff felt more comfortable discussing end-of-life issues by the end of the study.Conclusion: Routine questioning of patients on admission identifies a significant number who prefer no CPR or ICU. This information may help to avoid inappropriate resuscitation efforts and ICU admissions. Routine questioning also reveals many patients who are interested in organ donation. Encouraging these patients to identify themselves and to discuss their wishes with family members may increase the number of procurable organs. Housestaff benefit from the experience of discussing end-of-life issues.","PeriodicalId":80483,"journal":{"name":"Annals (Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada)","volume":"35 4","pages":"225-231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24409788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Canadian Medical Association Code of Ethics 1868 to 1996: a primer for medical educators. 加拿大医学协会1868年至1996年道德准则:医学教育工作者的初级读物。

Annals (Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada) Pub Date : 2002-06-01

A Keith W Brownell, Elizabeth Brownell

引用次数: 0

Quality end-of-life care. 高质量的临终关怀。

Annals (Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada) Pub Date : 2002-06-01

G Skrinskas

引用次数: 0

Physicians' ethical responsibilities. 医生的道德责任。

Annals (Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada) Pub Date : 2002-06-01

G Skrinskas

引用次数: 0

Spirituality, religion, and health: a critical appraisal of the Larson reports. 灵性、宗教与健康:对拉尔森报告的批判性评价。

Annals (Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada) Pub Date : 2002-03-01

O Freedman, S Orenstein, P Boston, T Amour, J Seely, B M Mount

{"title":"Spirituality, religion, and health: a critical appraisal of the Larson reports.","authors":"O Freedman, S Orenstein, P Boston, T Amour, J Seely, B M Mount","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The four-volume corpus The Faith Factor, and Scientific Research on Spirituality and Health: A Consensus Report by Larson et al constitute the largest English-language review of research on spirituality and health. We have done a critique of the 329 systematic analyses of peer-reviewed research papers presented therein. The objectives were to determine if the Larson conclusions can be generalized; to document the understanding of the potential of qualitative research in assessing the spiritual domain; and to examine whether the definitions of religion and spirituality used by Larson et al correspond to those in general use. We conclude that their results cannot be generalized to other religious and cultural settings; that there is a need for more research focusing on age groups, cultures, religions, and clinical settings not adequately represented in studies to date; and that the need for more qualitative research methods justifies a detailed analysis of the use of qualitative methods in the studies reviewed by the Larson group. Finally, there is a need to establish a common vocabulary that bridges cultural and religious traditions, and facilitates clinical care, research, and teaching relating to spirituality, religion, and health.","PeriodicalId":80483,"journal":{"name":"Annals (Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada)","volume":"35 2","pages":"90-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22392731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cultural pluralism in health care: a South-African-Canadian comparison. 医疗保健中的文化多元化:南非与加拿大的比较。

Annals (Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada) Pub Date : 2002-03-01

Kerry W Bowman

引用次数: 0

Quality end-of-life care: the rights of every Canadian. 高质量的临终关怀:每个加拿大人的权利。

Annals (Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada) Pub Date : 2002-03-01

H F Reichenfeld

引用次数: 0

Organ donation: a pilot study of knowledge among medical and other university students. 器官捐献:医学院和其他大学学生知识的试点研究。

Annals (Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada) Pub Date : 2002-03-01

Trevor Bardell, Aaron L Childs, Duncan J W Hunter

{"title":"Organ donation: a pilot study of knowledge among medical and other university students.","authors":"Trevor Bardell, Aaron L Childs, Duncan J W Hunter","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Physicians' knowledge of and attitudes towards organ donation may be a factor in organ procurement rates. There is a lack of information about how Canadian medical students perceive organ donation, and what they know about it.Objective: This pilot study assesses the knowledge and attitudes of university students toward organ donation.Methods: Medical students completed a self-administered questionnaire after a lecture. Non-medical students completed the same questionnaire at the university student center. The questionnaire included a test that was used to assess knowledge about organ donation. Attitudes were assessed by determining whether the student carried a signed organ donor card, and their reasons if they did not.Results: Of the 76 students in the first-year medical class, 39 responded. A sample of the first 40 non-medical students to visit a booth at the student centre was selected for comparative analysis. The mean age of medical students was 23.5 years; 23 for non-medical students. Of those surveyed, 56.6 per cent were women. Of medical students, 30.8 per cent reported carrying a signed card compared with 50 per cent of non-medical students. The most common reason for not carrying a card in both groups was apathy. Median test scores were 2.4/6 for both groups. Students carrying a signed card had a median test score of 2.7/6, with the median score for those not carrying signed cards being 2.2/6.Conclusion: More investigation of the knowledge and attitudes of medical students regarding organ donation is warranted.","PeriodicalId":80483,"journal":{"name":"Annals (Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada)","volume":"35 2","pages":"77-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22392724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Physician's ethical responsibilities when there is a discrepancy between demand and supply of medical services. 当医疗服务的需求和供给之间存在差异时，医生的道德责任。

Annals (Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada) Pub Date : 2002-03-01

Jaro F Kotalik

{"title":"Physician's ethical responsibilities when there is a discrepancy between demand and supply of medical services.","authors":"Jaro F Kotalik","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The discrepancy between the demand for and the supply of physician's services is the result of actions of multiple parties, including physicians. This situation raises ethical challenges for physicians, because it involves the profession's core values.Objective: To discuss physicians' ethical obligations regarding the quantity of services that they might provide.Method: The obligations to accept new patients and to provide services to existing patients are deduced from the Code of Ethics of the Canadian Medical Association and The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. A model of physicians' ethics proposed by Pellegrino and Thomasma is examined as an example of a possible higher ethical standard.Results: According to the Code of Ethics, physicians may refuse or accept new patients provided they do not discriminate improperly, and do not deny aid when there is \"urgent need.\" It also states that the termination of medical services is permissible after \"adequate notice\" is given to the patient. The code states that physicians are to be guided by principles such as justice and compassion. Motivated by these principles, overworked physicians may accept new patients or delay the justifiable termination of services. Such action is praiseworthy as long as the physician can provide to all his or her patients the quantity and quality of care that meets professional standards. More altruistic ethical standards of practice than those in the Code of Ethics have been advocated. Physicians who, in making decisions about the quantity of services they provide, are guided by altruism rather than self-interest deserve recognition and encouragement.","PeriodicalId":80483,"journal":{"name":"Annals (Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada)","volume":"35 2","pages":"100-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22392733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ethical behaviour of authors in biomedical journalism. 生物医学新闻作者的伦理行为。

Annals (Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada) Pub Date : 2002-03-01

Joan C Bevan

{"title":"Ethical behaviour of authors in biomedical journalism.","authors":"Joan C Bevan","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Biomedical journals communicate new information that changes health-care decisions. If authors ignore the fundamental values of honesty and trust, that information becomes flawed, and society or patients may be harmed.Objective: By describing two cases of unethical behaviour by authors, and using them as a focus to review acceptable ethics in publication, this article aims to educate readers who have not considered the ethical implications in writing manuscripts for biomedical journals.Methods: Two cases of unethical behaviour by authors occurred when the results of new drug trials were reported. They were discovered after publication in a biomedical journal, and in the review process after the submission of a manuscript for publication respectively. In the first case, duplicate publication was identified because the same control data were used, but not acknowledged, in three publications by the same investigators. In the second, ghost writing by a pharmaceutical company writer was suspected because of the atypical presentation of a senior author's work.Results: The editor consulted with the authors of both reports. In the first case, the authors concurred about the duplication, and the editors of the three journals wrote editorials to record the duplicate publications. The second case of ghost writing was unconfirmed by the authors, but the submission was withdrawn, and the article was later published in another journal.Conclusion: These cases draw attention to recently recognized types of scientific misconduct that influence the perception of scientific work. Duplicate publication and ghost writing not only deceive the reader, but may also conceal flawed study design and conflict of interest.","PeriodicalId":80483,"journal":{"name":"Annals (Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada)","volume":"35 2","pages":"81-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22392726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0