Journal of physiological anthropology and applied human science最新文献

{"title":"Thermal comfort: multisensory interactions?","authors":"Victor Candas,&nbsp;André Dufour","doi":"10.2114/jpa.24.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2114/jpa.24.33","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Experimentally, the effects of environmental conditions upon human capabilities have been studied most often through the imposition of a single stressor in isolation. Although it seems to be a common belief that thermal comfort can be influenced by concomitant stimulation of non-tactile sensorial modalities, few studies have succeeded in delineating non-tactile stimulations, which interact with thermal sensation and thermal comfort. Here we briefly overview neurophysiological and behavioural findings in multisensory influences on thermal sensation and thermal comfort.</p>","PeriodicalId":80293,"journal":{"name":"Journal of physiological anthropology and applied human science","volume":"24 1","pages":"33-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2114/jpa.24.33","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24935253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Making of virtual human body--virtual human body as communication interface.","authors":"Etsuo Genda","doi":"10.2114/jpa.24.123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2114/jpa.24.123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Virtual Humans play an important role in supporting communication between human beings through their gestures and facial expressions. We are involved in the study of Virtual Humans as communication interfaces to play such a role. Virtual Humans can be classified according to their particular roles with regard to some aspects of communication. The form and method of expression of Virtual Humans can differ greatly according to what is required, for example realism or simple representational communication. Communication efficiency and transmission efficiency should be considered to be digital data. Descriptions of function, form and syntax should be also considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":80293,"journal":{"name":"Journal of physiological anthropology and applied human science","volume":"24 1","pages":"123-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2114/jpa.24.123","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25103095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formal analysis of the urban 'Dutch model' with aims of re-formulating spatial quality concerns for pedestrian precincts in current New Town developments.","authors":"Toshikazu Ishida","doi":"10.2114/jpa.24.155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2114/jpa.24.155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the Japanese post WWII urban planning and design field, concerns for formal features regarding the sequential street-front visual image in new high-density urban spaces have been a rather subordinated subject. Famous New Town schemes such as Tsukuba Science City (1963), or Minato Mirai 21 (1965) for instance, are typical inland and reclaimed land examples that summarize the validity and limitations of functional zoning systems applied to these artificial urban developments for the last half century. In those examples, the interaction between space mobility and land use has not been explored sufficiently in order to create attractive street-front images, yet such interaction is essential to the way the cityscape and its character are perceived by the eye. However, current insight regarding the sustainable New Town paradigm has brought a renewed perspective regarding design policy of the pedestrian precinct. This study investigates the formal features of the sequential street-front image of Dutch late-medieval town examples which could help re-formulate the existing design policies regarding the quality of pedestrian space especially in the artificial reclaimed land design field. The purpose is to find out how the principles of those old high-density artificial environmental design models generate such effective interaction between mobility and land usage, creating an enriched aesthetic visual image of street-front space as a result.</p>","PeriodicalId":80293,"journal":{"name":"Journal of physiological anthropology and applied human science","volume":"24 1","pages":"155-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2114/jpa.24.155","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25103019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological responses induced by pleasant stimuli.","authors":"Shigeki Watanuki,&nbsp;Yeon-Kyu Kim","doi":"10.2114/jpa.24.135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2114/jpa.24.135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The specific physiological responses induced by pleasant stimuli were investigated in this study. Various physiological responses of the brain (encephaloelectrogram; EEG), autonomic nervous system (ANS), immune system and endocrine system were monitored when pleasant stimuli such as odors, emotional pictures and rakugo, a typical Japanese comical story-telling, were presented to subjects. The results revealed that (i) EEG activities of the left frontal brain region were enhanced by a pleasant odor; (ii) emotional pictures related to primitive element such as nudes and erotic couples elevated vasomotor sympathetic nervous activity; and (iii) an increase in secretory immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) and a decrease in salivary cortisol (s-cortisol) were induced by rakugo-derived linguistic pleasant emotion. Pleasant emotion is complicated state. However, by considering the evolutionary history of human being, it is possible to assess and evaluate pleasant emotion from certain physiological responses by appropriately summating various physiological parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":80293,"journal":{"name":"Journal of physiological anthropology and applied human science","volume":"24 1","pages":"135-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2114/jpa.24.135","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25103097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"30% oxygen inhalation enhances cognitive performance through robust activation in the brain.","authors":"Jin-Hun Sohn,&nbsp;Soon-Cheol Chung,&nbsp;Eun-Hye Jang","doi":"10.2114/jpa.24.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2114/jpa.24.51","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to investigate whether inhalation of the air with 30% oxygen compared with normal air enhances cognitive functioning through increased activation in the brain. The verbal and visuospatial tasks were performed while brain images were scanned. The results showed that there were improvements in performance and also increased activation in several brain areas under the condition of 30% oxygen. These results suggest that a higher concentration of the inhaled oxygen increases the saturation of the blood oxygen in the brain, and facilitates cognitive performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":80293,"journal":{"name":"Journal of physiological anthropology and applied human science","volume":"24 1","pages":"51-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2114/jpa.24.51","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24935257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examination of the reproducibility of grip force and muscle oxygenation kinetics on maximal repeated rhythmic grip exertion.","authors":"Masakatsu Nakada,&nbsp;Shinichi Demura,&nbsp;Shunsuke Yamaji,&nbsp;Yoshinori Nagasawa","doi":"10.2114/jpa.24.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2114/jpa.24.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The contribution of physiological mechanisms involving force-exertion value during maximal repeated rhythmic muscle contraction work changes over time. The purpose of this study was to examine the reproducibility of grip force and muscle oxygenation kinetics with a decrease of the gripping force during maximal repeated rhythmic grip (RRG). Subjects were 10 males, aged 20-26 years (height 173.9+/-7.3 cm, body weight 71.5+/-11.2 kg). Each subject performed maximal repeated rhythmic grip as a target value with a target frequency of 30 grips.min(-1) for 6 min. The trial-to-trial reproducibility of Oxygenated haemoglobin (Oxy-Hb), Deoxygenated haemoglobin (Deoxy-Hb), Total haemoglobin (Total Hb) and grip force during the RRG (6 min) was very high (r(xy)=0.919-0.966) and the decreasing pattern of the force-time curve was consistent. The cross correlation coefficients of the grip force (r(xy)=0.985) and muscle oxygenation kinetics (Total Hb: 0.996, Oxy-Hb: 0.992, Deoxy-Hb: 0.995) in the pre-inflection phase (marked force decreasing phase) were very high, while these coefficients in the post-inflection phase (almost steady state phase) were low as compared with those in the pre-inflection phase. The trial-to-trial reliabilities of any parameter regarding grip were fair or high (ICC=0.686-0.927). The changing points of muscle oxygenation kinetics appeared before reaching an almost steady state, which showed a high reliability and they were considered to reflect the shift of physiological mechanisms. In particular, the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for the time to reach maximum Deoxy-Hb and Oxy-Hb values and regression coefficient in an increasing phase of Oxy-Hb were very high (ICC=0.894-0.947). It was found that the trial-to-trial reproducibility of grip force and muscle oxygenation kinetics is very high during the whole 6 min in RRG, but is poor during the post-inflection phase. The reproducibility of the grip force and muscle oxygenation kinetics in the phase before reaching an almost steady state during RRG is fair, and the decrease of the grip force in this phase may be influenced by the muscle oxygenation kinetics.</p>","PeriodicalId":80293,"journal":{"name":"Journal of physiological anthropology and applied human science","volume":"24 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2114/jpa.24.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24935287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between musical pitch and temporal responses of the auditory nerve fibers.","authors":"Kengo Ohgushi,&nbsp;Yukiko Ano","doi":"10.2114/jpa.24.99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2114/jpa.24.99","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To investigate how the high pitched notes in a musical score are played on the piccolo, nine flutists produced tones of a C major scale, from C6 to C8, using their own piccolo. The fundamental frequency of each tone was measured. The results showed that all tones were produced higher in frequency than the theoretical values and that this tendency was striking in the higher frequency range. This phenomenon is discussed in terms of temporal responses of auditory nerve fibers.</p>","PeriodicalId":80293,"journal":{"name":"Journal of physiological anthropology and applied human science","volume":"24 1","pages":"99-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2114/jpa.24.99","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24934488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How does light intensity influence evening dressing behavior in the cold?","authors":"Hiromi Tokura,&nbsp;Hee-Eun Kim","doi":"10.2114/jpa.24.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2114/jpa.24.37","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Core temperature (tympanic and rectal temperatures) is lowered for several hours under diurnal bright light exposure and its evening fall is inhibited under evening bright light exposure. Melatonin may be involved in the behavior of these core temperatures. Diurnal bright light exposure for several hours may make dressing behavior and thermal sensibility in the evening cold slower and dull, compared with diurnal dim light exposure. On the contrary, evening bright light exposure for several hours may make the dressing behavior and thermal sensibility in the evening cold quicker and sharper, compared with evening dim light exposure. The underlying physiological mechanisms for these findings are that the thermoregulatory set-point would be reduced more markedly in the evening under the influence of higher elevation of melatonin under the diurnal bright light exposure, and its evening decline would be inhibited by suppression of the nocturnal rise of melatonin under evening bright light exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":80293,"journal":{"name":"Journal of physiological anthropology and applied human science","volume":"24 1","pages":"37-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2114/jpa.24.37","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24935254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationships between force curves and muscle oxygenation kinetics during repeated handgrip.","authors":"Masakatsu Nakada,&nbsp;Shinichi Demura,&nbsp;Shunsuke Yamaji,&nbsp;Masaki Minami,&nbsp;Tamotsu Kitabayashi,&nbsp;Yoshinori Nagasawa","doi":"10.2114/jpa.23.191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2114/jpa.23.191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study was to clarify the kinetics of muscle oxygenation by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in the phase of the decreasing force, especially the pre- and post-phases of the inflection point, during repeated rhythmic grip (RRG) of 30 grips/min(-1) for 6 minutes. The inflection point was the time at which the decreasing speed of the grip force changed markedly. It was calculated statistically from two regression lines fitted to each decreasing phase by applying a two-phase regression model. Ten healthy males performed the RRG for 6 minutes. Total Hb and Oxy-Hb decreased rapidly about 10 sec (7.0+/-5.9 sec, 9.8+/-5.4 sec, respectively) corresponding to the value decreasing by 90% MVC after the onset of gripping. Deoxy-Hb was maintained at a high value for 76.2+/-27.9 sec, corresponding to the value decreasing by 70-80% MVC. These phases are considered to be the states where oxygen was not satisfactorily supplied to the active muscles because of the obstruction of blood flow caused by an increase in the intra-muscular pressure. Deoxy-Hb decreased for 120+/-21.3 sec after reaching the highest value, and then reached an almost steady state at a higher level than the rest. After this phase, muscle oxygenation kinetics enters the state where oxygen is satisfactorily supplied to active muscles. We considered that the relationship between oxygen supply and demand differs during the initial and the latter phases in RRG. The changing phase in the decreasing speed of the grip force, namely the inflection point of the decreasing force, significantly correlated with the changing phase of the Oxy-Hb and Deoxy-Hb kinetics. The inflection point of the decreasing force seems to correspond to the phase where oxygen supply cannot meet oxygen demand and the increase of Deoxy-Hb. We infer that the pre- and post-phases of the inflection point depend on different physiological factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":80293,"journal":{"name":"Journal of physiological anthropology and applied human science","volume":"23 6","pages":"191-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2114/jpa.23.191","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24860301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiovascular reactivity to mental stress: relationship with menstrual cycle and gender.","authors":"Nozomi Sato,&nbsp;Shinji Miyake","doi":"10.2114/jpa.23.215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2114/jpa.23.215","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of the present study was to determine the fluctuation in cardiovascular reactivity to mental stress during the menstrual cycle by comparing heart rate variability (HRV), and other physiological and psychological data in females with those in males. Cardiovascular reactivity to two mental tasks was measured in 14 females during the follicular and luteal phase of menstruation over two menstrual cycles. The same tasks were subsequently given to a matched pair of males (N=14), at the same intervals as their corresponding females. Heart rate, blood pressure and HRV were used as indices of cardiovascular reactivity. Subjective mental workload was measured at the end of each task. Power spectral analysis of HRV showed that the high frequency (HF) component in HRV decreased more during the luteal phase than the follicular phase. The low frequency (LF) component in HRV and the LF/HF ratio in the luteal phase were significantly higher than that in the follicular phase. The LF component and the LF/HF ratio were significantly lower in females than in males; conversely, the HF component was significantly higher in females than in males. Neither significant effects of menstrual cycle, gender and mental stress nor any significant interactions were found for mental workload. These findings indicate that sympathetic nervous activity in the luteal phase is significantly greater than in the follicular phase whereas parasympathetic nervous activity is predominant in the follicular phase. The results also suggest that predominance of sympathetic nervous activity in males compared with a dominant parasympathetic nervous activity in females.</p>","PeriodicalId":80293,"journal":{"name":"Journal of physiological anthropology and applied human science","volume":"23 6","pages":"215-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2114/jpa.23.215","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24860304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}