Journal of women's health & gender-based medicine最新文献

{"title":"Raloxifene is associated with less side effects than tamoxifen in women with early breast cancer: a questionnaire study from one physician's practice.","authors":"N. Rohatgi, R. Blau, E. Lower","doi":"10.1089/152460902753668484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/152460902753668484","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE\u0000Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are being used increasingly for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer. The currently available SERMs, tamoxifen and raloxifene, are both associated with antiestrogenic side effects that can be bothersome. However, no data exist on how they compare in this regard. We conducted a retrospective, questionnaire-based study to answer this question.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000Women with early breast cancer in one physician's practice who had received either or both of these drugs were surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire. Respondents graded the frequency and severity of side effects related to estrogen deprivation, such as vaginal dryness, mood changes, hot flashes, weight gain, and changes in libido, as well as other side effects, such as vaginal discharge. They were separated into three groups for analysis (group 1, tamoxifen only; group 2, raloxifene only; group 3, both drugs). Side effects graded 4 or 5 (or weight gain >10 pounds) were considered severe.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Two hundred sixty-four questionnaires were available for analysis. Women on raloxifene had a shorter average duration of therapy. In comparing the tamoxifen and raloxifene groups, vaginal discharge, severe hot flashes, and weight gain of >10 pounds were significantly more frequent with tamoxifen. However, weight gain was also related to the duration of therapy with either drug.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000In this observational study, antiestrogenic side effects were common with either tamoxifen or raloxifene. Raloxifene is associated with significantly less vaginal discharge and severe hot flashes than tamoxifen in women with early breast cancer. Although weight gain of >10 pounds may also occur less frequently on this drug, this may be confounded by the shorter average duration of raloxifene therapy.","PeriodicalId":80044,"journal":{"name":"Journal of women's health & gender-based medicine","volume":"30 1","pages":"291-301"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90796972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Replacement surgery and silicone gel breast implant rupture: self-report by women after mammoplasty.","authors":"S. Lori Brown, G. Pennello","doi":"10.1089/152460902753668457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/152460902753668457","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000This study examined the prevalence of revision surgery in which silicone gel breast implants were either removed (explanted) or replaced in a cohort of women from Birmingham, Alabama. The main reason leading up to the surgery and the prevalence of ruptured implants reported after explantation are described.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000Data were collected from telephone interviews with 907 women previously identified in a larger cohort study of women with breast implants. Women who reported breast surgeries subsequent to their index mammoplasty were asked to consent to retrieval of the surgical records describing the surgery.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Surgery in which a silicone gel breast implant was removed or replaced was reported by 33% of the 907 women in this cohort. The most common reason for surgery was problems with the implant that affected the breast (103 of 303 surgeries). Of the 303 women reporting surgery, 145 (48%) reported knowing after a surgery that an implant was ruptured when it was removed, and 171 (56%) reported knowing that an implant was ruptured or leaking. Overall, 16% of the 907 women reported knowing that either of their implants was ruptured after any surgery. At least one surgical record was retrieved for 165 (54%) of the 303 women reporting surgery. Among these women, the rupture rate was 69 of 165 (42%) according to the surgical record and 85 of 165 (51.5%) according to self-reports, a statistically significant difference (p = 0.008 from McNemar's test). The mean time from implantation to surgery was 11.5 years among women reporting surgery and estimated at 21.4 years for all women.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000A third of the women in this cohort underwent additional surgery after the initial mammoplasty, and nearly half who underwent surgery reported that their implants were found to be ruptured when removed. Women considering silicone gel breast implants should be informed of the risk of additional surgeries and of the potential risk of breast implant rupture.","PeriodicalId":80044,"journal":{"name":"Journal of women's health & gender-based medicine","volume":"11 1","pages":"255-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91078921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CDC contributions to women's health: focusing on prevention in midlife.","authors":"Y. Green","doi":"10.1089/152460902753668402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/152460902753668402","url":null,"abstract":"201 MANY NOTABLE PUBLIC HEALTH achievements occurred during the 1900s. Two of the great public health achievements for the 20th century specifically focused on women—healthier mothers and babies and family planning. During the 20th century, the health and life expectancy of people residing in the United States improved dramatically.1 Prevention played a significant role then, and it continues to plays a significant role today. Although the health and safety of women have improved, much remains to be done. For women in their midlife, 45–64 years of age, the leading causes of death include cancer, heart disease, and cerebrovascular disease. The challenges lie in reducing some of the risk factors responsible for many chronic diseases, such as obesity, smoking, and lack of physical activity. Chronic diseases account for 70% of all deaths in the United States. The medical care costs of people with chronic diseases account for more than 60% of the nation’s medical care costs, and chronic diseases account for one third of the years of potential life lost before age 65. Women comprise more than half the people who die each year of cardiovascular disease.2 The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) protects people’s health and safety by preventing and controlling diseases and injuries, enhances health decisions by providing credible information on critical health issues, and promotes healthy living through strong partnerships with local, national, and international organizations. With a diverse array of programs and activities that focus on women at every stage of life, CDC makes contributions to better understand and use prevention to reduce illness, disability, and death and to improve the quality of life. Much of this is possible because of the vital partnerships with public and private entities, such as state and local public health agencies, practicing health professionals, schools and universities, community organizations, industry and labor, foundations, and international organizations. Partnerships between CDC and women’s health advocacy groups, minority organizations, professional associations, and others have helped increase the number and type of prevention programs available to women. They have increased the understanding of the challenges, gaps, and opportunities and helped to develop innovative solutions to address some of these issues. Such partnerships have also enhanced policy development and fueled agencies, organizations, and individuals to take action. For CDC, the focus of the research and programs is prevention. Although some of the research and programs are well established, others are small, and still others are new. The expectation is that each has or will contribute to the science, understanding, policy, program design, quality of service, decision making, or action taken to improve the health and safety of women.","PeriodicalId":80044,"journal":{"name":"Journal of women's health & gender-based medicine","volume":"86 1","pages":"201-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78707743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlates of physical activity among women from diverse racial/ethnic groups.","authors":"A. Eyler, S. Wilcox, D. Matson-Koffman, K. Evenson, B. Sanderson, J. Thompson, J. Wilbur, D. Rohm-Young","doi":"10.1089/152460902753668448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/152460902753668448","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE\u0000Women have lower rates of participation in leisure time physical activity than men and have been studied to a lesser extent than men. Because physical activity plays a vital role in overall health, it is important to identify factors than can help increase physical activity rates for women.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000Defining and understanding correlates of physical activity is critical for at-risk populations and for planning effective interventions. This paper reviews research conducted in the past two decades on correlates of physical activity in women. An ecological model with an added physical environment component was used to organize the correlates. Studies conducted among adult white, black, American Indian, Asian, and Hispanic women are included. A total of 91 studies were reviewed. Many studies included white women, fewer studies included black and Hispanic women, and even fewer included American Indian women, and only 3 studies included Asian women.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000The correlates most studied are sociodemographic variables, with nonwhite race, lower educational levels, and older age most consistently associated with lower levels of physical activity. Few studies focused on environmental and policy correlates. Social support was an overwhelmingly positive determinant of physical activity for all groups of women.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000Based on these findings, we recommend that future research include more diverse groups of women and evaluate modifiable factors, such as psychological, interpersonal, and environmental correlates. Future research also should include more intervention and longitudinal studies.","PeriodicalId":80044,"journal":{"name":"Journal of women's health & gender-based medicine","volume":"14 1","pages":"239-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84329386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender differences in tobacco smoking: higher relative exposure to smoke than nicotine in women.","authors":"Marilyn V. Zeman, L. Hiraki, E. Sellers","doi":"10.1089/152460902753645281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/152460902753645281","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION\u0000Men and women are thought to regulate their smoking differently and to differ in their susceptibility to nicotine addiction.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS AND MATERIALS\u0000Various measures of smoke exposure were compared between 400 current regular tobacco-dependent (DSM-IV) male and female light (1-15 cigarettes per day) and heavy (>15 cigarettes per day) smokers. Between 2 and 8 PM, blood was collected for nicotine and cotinine analysis, and breath carbon monoxide (CO) was measured. Individuals with genetic variants of the CYP2A6 gene were removed from analysis (n = 25).\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000No significant difference was found in the number of cigarettes per day or CO levels between the sexes. However, females had significantly lower nicotine levels than males (16.9 +/- 0.6 vs. 21.1 +/- 0.07, p < 0.01). This is only partly explained by the fact that females smoked lower nicotine-containing cigarettes. Female heavy smokers demonstrated higher -log nicotine/CO values (a representation of cost of smoking) compared with male heavy smokers (0.1 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.02 +/- 0.01 mg/L ppm, p < 0.05).\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000Thus, gender differences appear to exist in smoking behaviors, nicotine sensitivity, and nicotine requirements. These differences are expected to contribute to gender differences in health risks and cancers associated with smoking.","PeriodicalId":80044,"journal":{"name":"Journal of women's health & gender-based medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"147-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78557691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hysterectomy status and life satisfaction in older women.","authors":"D. Kritz-Silverstein, D. Wingard, E. Barrett-Connor","doi":"10.1089/152460902753645326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/152460902753645326","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVES\u0000This cross-sectional, population-based study examines the long-term effect of hysterectomy on life satisfaction in 1177 women aged 55-94 years.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000A 1992 mailed survey obtained information on menopausal history, including hysterectomy and oophorectomy status, and estrogen use. Two standardized measures ascertained general life satisfaction: the Life Satisfaction Index-Z (LSI-Z) and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). A separate question asked participants to rate life satisfaction (better, the same, or worse) after menopause or hysterectomy compared with before.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Twenty-three percent of the women reported hysterectomy with bilateral oophorectomy an average of 24 years earlier, and 26% reported hysterectomy with ovarian conservation an average of 28 years earlier. Women who were 20 or more years posthysterectomy or postmenopause were significantly more likely to rate their life satisfaction as better than were women 5 or fewer years posthysterectomy or postmenopause (p < 0.01). Among women with a hysterectomy, 53% with oophorectomy and 60% with ovarian conservation rated life satisfaction better after hysterectomy. Only 42.2% of women without a hysterectomy rated life satisfaction as better after menopause (p < 0.001). Differences persisted after adjustment for age and other covariates: p < 0.01 for hysterectomy with ovarian conservation and p < 0.001 for hysterectomy with bilateral oophorectomy vs. no hysterectomy. Even among women who had never used estrogen, a significantly greater proportion of those who had a hysterectomy with ovarian conservation rated their life satisfaction as better compared with women who did not have a hysterectomy (p < 0.05). There were no differences in standard life satisfaction scores (LSI-Z or SWLS) by hysterectomy status.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000There are no long-term adverse effects of hysterectomy on life satisfaction. When queried specifically, women report increased life satisfaction following hysterectomy. Relief from symptoms necessitating hysterectomy may be responsible for this increase. This difference may be specific to hysterectomy because there were no differences in general life satisfaction as assessed with standardized measures.","PeriodicalId":80044,"journal":{"name":"Journal of women's health & gender-based medicine","volume":"58 1","pages":"181-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89622172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of a unique oral contraceptive in the treatment of premenstrual dysphoric disorder.","authors":"Deborah Megivern","doi":"10.1089/152460902753645218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/152460902753645218","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":80044,"journal":{"name":"Journal of women's health & gender-based medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"95-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79372606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) effects on sexual arousal in postmenopausal women.","authors":"L. Hackbert, J. Heiman","doi":"10.1089/152460902753645290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/152460902753645290","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000The age-related decline of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) has prompted research on its experimental replacement in women. Although no relationship to sexual functioning in healthy women has been shown to date, DHEA replacement has potential for affecting sexual response.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000To investigate DHEA effects, 16 sexually functional postmenopausal women participated in a randomized, double-blind, crossover protocol in which oral administration of DHEA (300 mg) or placebo occurred 60 minutes before the presentation of an erotic video segment. Blood DHEA sulfate (DHEAS) changes, subjective and physiological sexual responses, as well as affective responses were measured in response to videotaped neutral and erotic video segments.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000The concentration of DHEAS increased 2-5-fold following DHEA administration in all 16 women. Subjective ratings across DHEA and placebo conditions showed significantly greater mental (p < 0.016) and physical (p < 0.036) sexual arousal to the erotic video with DHEA vs. placebo. Positive affect also increased during the erotic video across drug conditions. Vaginal pulse amplitude (VPA) and vaginal blood volume (VBV) demonstrated a significant increase (p < 0.001) between neutral and erotic film segments within both conditions (DHEA and placebo) but did not differentiate drug conditions.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000In sum, increases in mental and physical sexual arousal ratings significantly increased in response to an acute dose of DHEA in postmenopausal women.","PeriodicalId":80044,"journal":{"name":"Journal of women's health & gender-based medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":"155-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76265568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"News from the Society for Women's Health Research. Survey findings indicate a need for further education on sex-specific medical facts.","authors":"P. Greenberger","doi":"10.1089/152460902753645236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/152460902753645236","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":80044,"journal":{"name":"Journal of women's health & gender-based medicine","volume":"93 1","pages":"101-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90423449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Type A behavior and daily living activity among older minority women.","authors":"K. Eason, L. Mâsse, S. Tortolero, S. Kelder","doi":"10.1089/152460902753645272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/152460902753645272","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION\u0000The association between type A behavior pattern (TABP) and physical activity is unclear, with studies reporting both positive and negative results and some reporting no association. Because previous studies have looked primarily at the relationship between TABP and exercise, the purpose of this study was to assess the association between TABP and (1) total activity, (2) activity at work, (3) exercise, (4) household chores, (5) leisure activity, and (6) inactivity.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000Two hundred twenty-seven women (111 African American, 116 Hispanic) from a larger study (Women on the Move) were used in the analysis for this study. The mean age was 49.3 years (SD 7 years), mean weight 77 kg (SD 17.6 kg), and mean body mass index (BMI) 30 (SD 6.5). As part of the Women on the Move Study, participants completed a 7-day diary and a 10-item Activity Temperament Scale. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to test the relationship between TABP and daily activity. Significant findings were observed for total activity and leisure activity with the Activity Temperament Scale summary score. Both had positive associations, indicating that those who had a higher score on the Activity Temperament Scale also had higher total activity kilocalories (kcal) and leisure activity kilocalories. Significant positive findings were also observed for total activity, leisure activity, and exercise with individual items on the Activity Temperament Scale. Household chores, work, and inactivity had significant negative associations with one or more of the individual items on the Activity Temperament Scale.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000Although previous studies have reported on TABP and physical activity (primarily exercise), these findings provide new information specific to daily living activity by dimension in an older minority population. Results suggest a positive association between TABP and daily living activity with a general pattern of higher scores associated with higher activity and lower scores associated with higher inactivity. However, even though some significant findings were observed, the overall models did not reveal meaningful associations.","PeriodicalId":80044,"journal":{"name":"Journal of women's health & gender-based medicine","volume":"31 1","pages":"137-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84468083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}