Journal de la Societe de biologie最新文献

[Claude Bernard and his successors on curare: epistemological questions at stake]. [克劳德·伯纳德和他的后继者们:危急的认识论问题]。

Journal de la Societe de biologie Pub Date : 2009-01-01 Epub Date: 2009-10-16 DOI: 10.1051/jbio:2009026

Jean-Gaël Barbara

引用次数: 3

[GABA(B) receptors and sensitization to pain]. [GABA(B)受体和对疼痛的敏感性]。

Journal de la Societe de biologie Pub Date : 2009-01-01 Epub Date: 2009-04-10 DOI: 10.1051/jbio:2009009

Marc Landry, Frédéric Nagy

引用次数: 3

[Applications of genetically modified animals]. [转基因动物的应用]。

Journal de la Societe de biologie Pub Date : 2009-01-01 Epub Date: 2010-02-01 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2009037

Louis-Marie Houdebine

{"title":"[Applications of genetically modified animals].","authors":"Louis-Marie Houdebine","doi":"10.1051/jbio/2009037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/jbio/2009037","url":null,"abstract":"The first transgenic animals, mice, were obtained in 1980. The techniques of gene transfer had to be adapted to obtain transgenic animals with an acceptable yield in about fifteen species. When the yield is low (low rate of random integration and targeted integration via homologous recombination), genetic modifications must be achieved in intermediate cells able to participate to the development of chimeric transgenic animals (ES cells, EG cells, iPS obtained by the dedifferentiation of somatic cells) or in somatic cells used as nuclear donor to generate transgenic clones. Various tools make possible a marked increase of homologous recombination efficiency (meganucleases and ZFN), or a gene inactivation at the genome level (direct or conditional knock out) or at the mRNA level (interfering RNAs). Vectors allow a more reliable transgene expression. Genetically modified animals are used mainly to obtain information on biological functions and human diseases. Transgenic animals produce recombinant pharmaceutical proteins in milk and soon in egg white. Pig organs adapted to be tolerated by patients might be tested in humans in five years. The projects based on the use of transgenesis to improve animal production are presently few. Transgenic salmon with accelerated growth might be on the market when their possible escape in oceans will be controlled.","PeriodicalId":80018,"journal":{"name":"Journal de la Societe de biologie","volume":"203 4","pages":"323-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1051/jbio/2009037","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28684604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

[Claude Bernard, the experimental method, and the Société de Biologie]. [克劳德·伯纳德，实验方法，和社会生物学]。

Journal de la Societe de biologie Pub Date : 2009-01-01 Epub Date: 2009-10-16 DOI: 10.1051/jbio:2009028

Christian Bange

引用次数: 3

[The cannabinoid system and pain: towards new drugs?]. 大麻素系统和疼痛:走向新药?

Journal de la Societe de biologie Pub Date : 2009-01-01 Epub Date: 2009-04-10 DOI: 10.1051/jbio:2009002

Massimiliano Beltramo

{"title":"[The cannabinoid system and pain: towards new drugs?].","authors":"Massimiliano Beltramo","doi":"10.1051/jbio:2009002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/jbio:2009002","url":null,"abstract":"The various components of the endocannabinoid system were discovered in the last twenty years. The cannabinoid system has attracted pharmacologists interest for its potential as therapeutic targets for several diseases ranging from obesity to Parkinson's disease and from multiple sclerosis to pain. Research initially focused on cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1), but, due to psychotropic side effects related to its activation, the attempts to develop an agonist drug for this receptor has been so far unsuccessful. Recently the possibility to target CB2 has emerged as an alternative for the treatment of pain. The main advantage of targeting CB2 resides in the possibility to elicit the analgesic effect without the psychotropic side effects. Evidence of the analgesic effect of CB2 selective agonists has been obtained in various models of both inflammatory and neuropathic chronic pain. To explain the mechanism at the basis of this analgesic effect different hypotheses have been proposed: effect on inflammatory cells, reduction of basal NGF tone, induction of beta-endorphin release from keratinocytes, direct action on nociceptors. Evidence in support of this last hypothesis comes from down regulation of capsaicin-induced CGRP release in spinal cord slices and Dorsal Root Ganglia (DRG) neurons in culture after treatment with CB2 selective agonists. CB2 agonists are probably acting through several mechanisms and thus CB2 represents an interesting and promising target in the chronic pain field. Further clarification of the mechanisms at the basis of CB2 analgesic effect would surely be an intriguing and stimulating area of research for the years to come.","PeriodicalId":80018,"journal":{"name":"Journal de la Societe de biologie","volume":"203 1","pages":"99-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1051/jbio:2009002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28103467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

[Molecular neurocytology and neuroendocrinology. Special issue in honor of Andre Calas]. 分子神经细胞学和神经内分泌学。纪念安德烈·卡拉斯的特刊]。

Journal de la Societe de biologie Pub Date : 2009-01-01 Epub Date: 2009-04-10 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2009011

引用次数: 0

[Vasopressin and angiogenesis]. 抗利尿激素与血管生成。

Journal de la Societe de biologie Pub Date : 2009-01-01 Epub Date: 2009-04-10 DOI: 10.1051/jbio:2009005

Gérard Alonso

{"title":"[Vasopressin and angiogenesis].","authors":"Gérard Alonso","doi":"10.1051/jbio:2009005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/jbio:2009005","url":null,"abstract":"In adult mammals, the CNS vasculature remains essentially quiescent, excepted for specific pathologies. In the seventies, it was reported that proliferation of astrocytes and endothelial cells occurs within the hypothalamic magnocellular nuclei when strong metabolic activation of the vasopressinergic and oxytocinergic neurons was induced by prolonged hyperosmotic stimulation. Using more appropriate techniques, we first demonstrated that in these nuclei, the proliferative response to osmotic stimulus is essentially associated with local angiogenesis. We then showed that hypothalamic magnocellular neurons express vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a potent angiogenic factor, that plays a major rôle in the angiogenesis induced by osmotic stimuli. We then demonstrated a correlation between increased VEGF secretion and local hypoxia. In AVP-deficient Brattleboro rats, the dramatic activation of magnocellular hypothalamic neurons failed to induce hypoxia, VEGF expression or angiogenesis suggesting a major role of hypothalamic AVP. Lastly we showed that 1) hypoxia and angiogenesis were not observed in non-osmotically stimulated Wistar rats in which circulating AVP was increased by the prolonged infusion of exogenous AVP, 2) contractile arterioles afferent to the magnocellular nuclei were strongly constricted by the perivascular application of AVP via V1a receptors (V1a-R) stimulation, and 3) following the intracerebral administration of selective V1a-R antagonist to osmotically stimulated rats, hypothalamic hypoxia and angiogenesis were inhibited. Together, these data strongly suggest that the angiogenesis induced by osmotic stimulation relates to tissue hypoxia resulting from the constriction of local arterioles, via the stimulation of perivascular V1a-R by AVP locally released from dendrites.","PeriodicalId":80018,"journal":{"name":"Journal de la Societe de biologie","volume":"203 1","pages":"39-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1051/jbio:2009005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28103505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

[Mutations in renin-angiotensin system genes and kidney developmental anomalies]. 肾素-血管紧张素系统基因突变与肾脏发育异常。

Journal de la Societe de biologie Pub Date : 2009-01-01 Epub Date: 2010-02-01 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2009035

Marie-Claire Gubler, Olivier Gribouval, Vincent Morinière, Audrey Pawtowski, Corinne Antignac

{"title":"[Mutations in renin-angiotensin system genes and kidney developmental anomalies].","authors":"Marie-Claire Gubler, Olivier Gribouval, Vincent Morinière, Audrey Pawtowski, Corinne Antignac","doi":"10.1051/jbio/2009035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/jbio/2009035","url":null,"abstract":"Autosomal recessive renal tubular dysgenesis (RTD) is a clinical disorder observed in fetuses, characterized by absence or poor development of proximal tubules and early onset and persistent oligohydramnios leading to the Potter sequence, associated with skull ossification defect. The disease is uniformly severe resulting in low blood pressure and perinatal death in most cases or in chronic renal disease in the few surviving patients. Based on the phenotype and the finding of striking changes in renal renin expression (absent or massive), we hypothesized and demonstrated that genetic defects in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) components are the underlying causes of the disease. At the present time, molecular screening has been performed in 46 families (F) and homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations have been detected in 41. They affect the genes encoding renine (9F), angiotensinogen (3F), AT1 receptor (3F) and angiotensin converting enzyme (26F). These findings highlight the importance of the RAS during human kidney development. Moreover, the identification of the disease based on precise histological and immunohistological analysis, and the research of the genetic defect, now allow genetic counseling and early prenatal diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":80018,"journal":{"name":"Journal de la Societe de biologie","volume":"203 4","pages":"311-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1051/jbio/2009035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28684602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

[Food safety of GMOs]. [转基因食品安全]。

Journal de la Societe de biologie Pub Date : 2009-01-01 Epub Date: 2010-02-01 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2009040

P Joudrier

引用次数: 0

[The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF): a model of gene regulation and a marker of tumour aggressiveness. An obvious therapeutic target?]. 血管内皮生长因子(VEGF):基因调控模型和肿瘤侵袭性标志物。一个明显的治疗目标?

Journal de la Societe de biologie Pub Date : 2009-01-01 Epub Date: 2009-06-16 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2009022

Renaud Grépin, Gilles Pagès

引用次数: 4