Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering最新文献

{"title":"New Hydrophobic Oil Sorbents Based on Silica Aerogels","authors":"L. A. Polevoi,&nbsp;D. A. Sandzhieva,&nbsp;A. E. Baranchikov,&nbsp;A. D. Gaizullin,&nbsp;B. V. Ubushaeva,&nbsp;V. K. Ivanov,&nbsp;V. M. Buznik,&nbsp;A. G. Dedov","doi":"10.1134/S0040579525600160","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0040579525600160","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Improved hydrophobic silica aerogels for oil sorption were synthesized using a two-step sol–gel process. The structure and composition of the obtained aerogels were studied using IR spectroscopy, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, scanning electron microscopy, and thermal analysis. The functional properties were assessed by studying the sorption kinetics of heavy crude oil and oil capacity, moisture capacity, and water contact angle. It has been shown that the use of different ratios of alkoxides during synthesis makes it possible to vary the textural and sorption characteristics of silica aerogels, which have low moisture capacity (0–1 g/g) and a high sorption rate (the maximum sorption oil capacity of 11.5 g/g is achieved in 10 min).</p>","PeriodicalId":798,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering","volume":"58 4","pages":"1042 - 1054"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulse Regulation of the Fluidized Bed in Heat- and Mass-Transfer Devices","authors":"O. A. Zalipaeva,&nbsp;T. N. Sinenko,&nbsp;P. P. Zalipaev,&nbsp;S. G. Postupaeva","doi":"10.1134/S0040579524601894","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0040579524601894","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The operation of heat- and mass-transfer equipment with a fluidized bed is described. The process of crystallization of polyethylene terephthalate granulate in a fluidized bed in the production of polyester technical yarns is considered. It is proposed to carry out pulse control of the fluidizing agent flow rate to increase heat and mass transfer and eliminate the gluing of granules.</p>","PeriodicalId":798,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering","volume":"58 4","pages":"1340 - 1342"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Principles of Chemical Engineering As a Basis for the Development of the International Concept of Best Available Techniques","authors":"V. P. Meshalkin,&nbsp;T. V. Guseva,&nbsp;A. S. Malyavin,&nbsp;I. O. Tikhonova,&nbsp;A. V. Malkow,&nbsp;C. C. Bhimani","doi":"10.1134/S0040579525600068","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0040579525600068","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The article is devoted to an analysis of the role of chemical technology in the development of the concept of best available techniques and the features of its practical application in the development and updating of BAT Reference Documents, as well as their use for the purposes of environmental and technological industrial regulation. The evolution of the concept of best available techniques is briefly described, and its basic principles are outlined, in the substantiation of which leading Russian scientists took part. It has been shown that the best avaiulable techniques are aimed at resource and energy efficiency enhancement and negative environmental impact reduction. An analysis of the main trends in the development of mineral fertilizer production technologies is presented. The paper presents BAT-associated emission levels, resource efficeincy parameters, and cardon intensity indicators for the best available and perspective techniques. It is emphasized that chemical technologies play a key role in reducing the negative impact on the environment in various industries; projects for cleaning exhaust gases from sulfur oxides developed for metallurgical enterprises are analyzed. The article presents the views of an international group of authors on the prospects for improving the concept of best available techniques and expanding the practice of its application in the Russian Federation and abroad.</p>","PeriodicalId":798,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering","volume":"58 4","pages":"943 - 951"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mathematical Description of the Reciprocating Compressor Taking Into Account the Influence of Suspension Parameters on Its Output Characteristics","authors":"M. Yu. Elagin,&nbsp;R. N. Khmelev","doi":"10.1134/S0040579525600056","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0040579525600056","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A mathematical model of a reciprocating compressor is presented, consisting of a system of moving solid bodies, the center of mass of which is displaced, leading to vibrations of the compressor casing that is mounted on a suspension relative to a stationary base. The suspension elements possess dissipative properties and dissipate the energy transmitted to them, resulting in a loss of part of the mechanical energy generated by the electric motor. The vibrations of the reciprocating machine on the suspension are characterized by the vibration velocity, which is one of the most important environmental indicators. In this regard, assessing and, if necessary, minimizing these losses, as well as investigating the influence of the suspension parameters on the output characteristics of the compressor, becomes relevant. The proposed mathematical model is based on the methodology of the thermodynamics of open systems, the laws of mechanics describing the relative motion of the reciprocating elements, and the laws governing the motion of the center of mass of the system of moving elements, as well as the motion of the system relative to the center of mass. The mathematical model has been validated on the household refrigerator compressor KKh-0.125. The results obtained confirm the adequacy of the developed mathematical model.</p>","PeriodicalId":798,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering","volume":"58 4","pages":"1239 - 1244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling of Hydrodynamic Processes Occurring inside Separation Equipment Used in Gas-Condensate Fields","authors":"R. R. Shafikov,&nbsp;M. M. Farahov,&nbsp;E. V. Garifullina,&nbsp;V. V. Bronskaya,&nbsp;V. A. Alekseev","doi":"10.1134/S0040579524602036","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0040579524602036","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The main problems arising in gas-condensate fields are the presence of condensate, water formation, and mechanical impurities, which leads to a significant change in the range of technological parameters of the inlet separators. An urgent task is to study the processes taking place in separation equipment in order to recommend its operating mode or modernize the separator without replacing it. Thus, the purpose of the research presented in the article is to study the hydrodynamics of separation equipment in gas condensate fields. Due to the complexity of calculating the separation of gas–liquid flow in separators, as well as determining the efficiency of separation equipment in different technological modes, the study of hydrodynamic processes taking place in separation equipment is interesting from a scientific point of view and has great practical significance in the development and design of separators. This article presents research using CFD modeling aimed at studying the efficiency of separators. As a result of modeling, the distribution of the gas–liquid flow for the tangential inlet of the separator and the tray with direct-flow centrifugal elements is obtained, the modes are studied, and the influence of the gas flow rate on the operating efficiency of the equipment is analyzed. The influence of the size of the moisture droplets contained in the gas flow on the possibility of its entrainment with the flow leaving the separator is established. The larger the droplet size, the better they are separated in direct-flow elements. At high gas flow rates through the apparatus, a large amount of water can be carried away in daily equivalent, which negatively affects pipeline fittings or gas pumping units. As a result of the study, conclusions are drawn regarding the need for more strict maintenance of the technological regime of the process.</p>","PeriodicalId":798,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering","volume":"58 4","pages":"1311 - 1315"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Capillary Effect in the Layers of Rubber-Fabric Composites","authors":"S. Yu. Yamilinets,&nbsp;I. V. Gubanova,&nbsp;M. D. Kozlova,&nbsp;A. P. Kondratov","doi":"10.1134/S0040579524601948","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0040579524601948","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rubber-fabric composites belong to a class of anisotropic reinforced composite laminates intended for operation in contact with a liquid medium. Each layer of such composites performs a specific function in the operation of printing machines. The rubber layer is located on the surface of the material and is impenetrable with respect to hydrophilic liquids, but can swell to a limited extent in organic solvents. The fabric layers provide structural integrity and tension of the layered composite material; they are protected from the penetration of a liquid medium by layers of rubber in a plane perpendicular to the arrangement of the layers. In the plane parallel to the arrangement of the layers, the fabric is permeable with respect to aqueous solutions and organic solvents. This permeability is based on the capillary effect of absorption. In order to eliminate the anisotropy of the permeability of reinforced layered composite materials, it is proposed to apply additional layers on the end surface to block the access of liquid to the capillary space through the pores, gaps between the threads, and fibers of the fabric layers. The additional layers are applied by brushing or dipping into solutions of suspensions and emulsions of film-forming polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol, polytetrafluoroethylene, and acrylic polyester. Techniques for estimating the porosity experimentally and calculating the average radius of the capillaries based on a physical model of the composite porous structure are presented. The capillary pressure leading to absorption is described based on Laplace’s law. The laboratory testing bench represents an upgraded Klemm–Winkier device. The penetration of liquids into the porous structure of a rubber-fabric composite through the end surface is measured. The sizes of the pores in the structure of the composite and their number, volume, and the rate of pore filling with water through the end surface of the samples of anisotropic reinforced layered composites used in printing are calculated. A decrease in water permeability through the protective layers at the end surface is shown depending on the chemical and phase composition of the film-forming polymers. The diagrams of the permeability, absorption kinetics, and porosity parameters of the rubber-fabric composite are compared. The fractions of capillaries with different diameters and their distribution throughout the cross-sectional area are determined.</p>","PeriodicalId":798,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering","volume":"58 4","pages":"1334 - 1339"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Achievements in the Field of Chemistry of Macroheterocyclic Compounds at the Department of Technology of Fine Organic Synthesis","authors":"E. A. Danilova,&nbsp;N. E. Galanin,&nbsp;M. K. Islyaikin,&nbsp;V. E. Maizlish,&nbsp;G. R. Berezina,&nbsp;T. A. Rumyantseva,&nbsp;Yu. V. Suvorova,&nbsp;S. A. Znoiko,&nbsp;T. V. Kustova","doi":"10.1134/S0040579525600342","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0040579525600342","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The material presented in this review is devoted to scientific research conducted at one of the oldest graduate departments of Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology (ISUCT)—the Department of Fine Organic Synthesis Technology, its scientific potential and development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":798,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering","volume":"58 4","pages":"1350 - 1358"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical Substantiation of Concentration Polarization in Electrochemical Baromembrane Processes for the Purification of Copper-Containing Solutions from Galvanic Plants","authors":"K. V. Shestakov,&nbsp;S. I. Lazarev,&nbsp;M. S. Gessen,&nbsp;D. S. Lazarev,&nbsp;N. N. Ignatov","doi":"10.1134/S0040579525600123","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0040579525600123","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper, a method of optimizing two functions at once, such as maximum specific solvent flux (water permeability) <i>J</i>_{<i>v</i> max} and minimum concentration polarization θ_min by using a complex criterion Ф and criterial functional restrictions is proposed to determine <i>J</i>_{<i>v</i> max} and θ_min depending on the application of electrical current and the hydraulic permeability coefficients of a solvent. The equations of optimizing the functions of specific solvent flux <i>J</i>_<i>v</i> and concentration polarization θ are given in an analytical form without empirical correction coefficients to simplify the process of optimization. The maximum deviations between the analytically and experimentally found values are less than 3% for <i>J</i>_<i>v</i> and 2% for θ_min.</p>","PeriodicalId":798,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering","volume":"58 4","pages":"1007 - 1016"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinetics of Absorption of Gases with Low Concentrations from Gas–Air Mixtures","authors":"R. G. Galimullin,&nbsp;E. V. Garifullina,&nbsp;V. V. Bronskaya,&nbsp;T. V. Ignashina","doi":"10.1134/S0040579524601882","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0040579524601882","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper presents studies of the kinetic regularities of physical absorption of gases (CO₂, H₂S, SO₂, NH₃) in a wide range of interphase distribution coefficients and phase motion velocities during the downward film flow of a liquid along the inner surface of vertical tubes, providing a “fixed surface” of interphase exchange. For gases with different solubility, some common tendencies were revealed for different gases. For the dependences of the absorption coefficient on the gas velocity, the general tendency is as follows: the absorption coefficient increases with an increase in the gas velocity to a certain value. At low gas velocities, it ceases to grow for low-solubility gases. It is of interest from both theoretical and practical viewpoints to examine the character of kinetic tendencies for the zone of the dependences of the absorption mass transfer coefficient on the gas phase velocity. Having reached a certain value at a given irrigation density, other process conditions being constant, the absorption mass transfer coefficient ceases to depend on the gas phase velocity. Based on the analysis of experiments, it can be concluded that the values of the absorption mass transfer coefficient for gases of different solubility under the same conditions depend on the equilibrium constants. Thus, for absorption of low concentrations, for which the process is not complicated by significant changes in the physical constants of the liquid during absorption, it is possible to obtain general kinetic dependences that are common to the absorption coefficients of gases of different solubility.</p>","PeriodicalId":798,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering","volume":"58 4","pages":"1245 - 1251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On Simulation of Thermal Perturbations Introduced into a Rarefied Plasma by Stationary Canonical Bodies","authors":"V. V. Cherepanov","doi":"10.1134/S0040579525600597","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0040579525600597","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A mathematical model is presented that describes the process of self-consistent relaxation of the disturbance region induced in a free-molecular binary ionized gas by a charged body with an absorbing gas particle surface, which takes on the canonical shape of a sphere or cylinder in thermal problems. The model allows the description and analysis of the thermal field in the vicinity of the body and the thermal loads on its surface. A distinctive feature of such problems is their kinetic formulation, in which it is impossible to separate the processes of heat and mass transfer from the process of electromagnetic field formation. An optimal curvilinear system of nonholonomic coordinates has been chosen for the problem; minimizing the phase space in which the form of the Vlasov kinetic equation has been justified.</p>","PeriodicalId":798,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering","volume":"58 4","pages":"1343 - 1349"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}