Effective health care最新文献_第5页

The reformation of information technology. 信息技术改革。

Effective health care Pub Date : 1983-12-01

A Mason, E Körner

引用次数: 0

The hospital financing system of the Federal Republic of Germany. 德意志联邦共和国的医院融资制度。

Effective health care Pub Date : 1983-10-01

R Leidl

{"title":"The hospital financing system of the Federal Republic of Germany.","authors":"R Leidl","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the present hospital financing system of the Federal Republic of Germany. The structure of the financing system is treated as well as the actual financing process, and, as far as possible, both are also quantitatively described. The first section contains a description of the structure, and is concerned with the major institutions participating in the hospital financing system:--the hospitals are described according to ownership, number of beds, specialization, personnel, regional distribution and utilization;--the health insurance system is illustrated by the two major institutions, i.e. statutory and private health insurance agencies, and its effect on hospital financing is explained;--the regulation of the hospital financing system by the federal political system is discussed;--finally, the major economic functions of the institutions involved are summarized; the interrelations of hospital care and the ambulatory sector are also mentioned. The second section contains a detailed description of the actual financing process, which can be classified according to the sections of financing:--the basic system of the German hospital financing law is introduced;--in the section on investment costs, public grants and their allocation, which are closely related to hospital planning, are discussed;--in the section on operating costs, full cost reimbursement as the basic principle, the structure of costs, the elements and the mechanism of operating cost financing, the actual prices, the financing of private patients' care and special services are described;--a short view of accounting balances, i.e. the differences between costs and financing of hospital services which result in profits or deficits, is given. A few considerations on the evaluation of the financing system conclude the paper.","PeriodicalId":79874,"journal":{"name":"Effective health care","volume":"1 3","pages":"133-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21129417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prevention: a technical and political issue. 预防:一个技术和政治问题。

Effective health care Pub Date : 1983-10-01

G D de Bernis

引用次数: 0

Transporting databanks of medical information from one location to another. 将医疗信息数据库从一个地方传输到另一个地方。

Effective health care Pub Date : 1983-10-01

F T de Dombal

{"title":"Transporting databanks of medical information from one location to another.","authors":"F T de Dombal","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"If ever clinical information systems, particularly those used to support decision-making, are to become of more than local value, there is an urgent need to develop 'transportable' databanks of information - that is to say, databanks which can be utilised for one purpose or another at different locations geographically without degradation of their effectiveness. This presentation discusses the problems caused by the need to develop 'transportable' databanks. First, the rationale for their need and for their use is discussed. It is pointed out that increasing mobility of patients and doctors demands increasing standardisation and harmonisation of clinical terminology and databanks of information. Next, the present situation is reviewed in some detail. The current lack of 'transportable' databanks is described, and the effects of this set out. Specifically, the factors which prevent current databanks being used outside their own centre of origin are listed; such as differences of hardware and software, differences in perceived and actual needs, inadequate sampling, analysis and testing, and geographical variation in disease spectra and disease presentation. The consequence of this need is a need to develop and test multi-national databanks of information, and this presentation next defines what is needed in order to produce such databanks. Areas discussed include the definition of the clinical problem, construction of proformata and collection of data, matrix construction and testing, and finally wide distribution. In conclusion, the presentation defines some of the future perceived needs in respect of databanks and some of the problems which will arise in their construction. It is concluded that action is necessary now on a multinational basis in order to develop the databanks of information - truly transportable - which will have become mandatory by the 1990's.","PeriodicalId":79874,"journal":{"name":"Effective health care","volume":"1 3","pages":"155-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21129419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hospital statistics that contribute to epidemiology. 有助于流行病学的医院统计数据。

Effective health care Pub Date : 1983-10-01

F H Roger

{"title":"Hospital statistics that contribute to epidemiology.","authors":"F H Roger","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Can a hospital population be used as a set of reference to a general population? The purpose of the present paper is to underline several conditions for which hospital statistics might be used for epidemiological inference, e.g. to map-out the pattern and the frequency of diseases in a general population. In several countries the population base for hospital in-patients is known and well-documented. Under this assumption, the frequency of diseases that require hospitalization, such as meningitis or some birth defects might be estimated in relation to the general population. In other instances, the population base remains unknown, all hospitals from a given region not being able to provide uniform statistics. There might be false associations called Berkson's bias. However, a study of the frequency of some diseases estimated from a large population of in-patients gave surprisingly similar results to those obtained from well defined populations. It is concluded that, even when the population base is unknown, hospital statistics might already contribute largely to epidemiology under two conditions: (1) the hospital sample must be large enough (above 10 000 patients) and include a case mix from several specialties (e.g., all cases from the departments of internal medicine and surgery), (2) discharge abstracts should be available, reliable and comparable for all inpatients and include all diagnoses relevant to each case. The importance of accuracy and uniformity in registration is stressed as well as the need to develop more widely population-based hospital statistics.","PeriodicalId":79874,"journal":{"name":"Effective health care","volume":"1 3","pages":"125-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21180352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

DRGs in Jersey. 新泽西的DRGs。

Effective health care Pub Date : 1983-10-01

D Neuhauser

引用次数: 0

Balance sheet of health organisation reform in Italy. 意大利卫生机构改革的资产负债表。

Effective health care Pub Date : 1983-10-01

G Gerlinguer, F de Rosis

引用次数: 0

Teaching health economics: some guidelines arising from a WHO workshop. 卫生经济学教学:世卫组织讲习班产生的一些准则。

Effective health care Pub Date : 1983-10-01

M F Drummond, G H Mooney, H F Zöllner

{"title":"Teaching health economics: some guidelines arising from a WHO workshop.","authors":"M F Drummond, G H Mooney, H F Zöllner","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides some guidelines for the teaching of health economics particularly but not exclusively to non-economist personnel in the health care sector. It arose from a workshop, sponsored by WHO (Regional Office for Europe) in Copenhagen in 1982, for training a few health service personnel from various European countries in the economics of health care. The material in the guidelines is organised under eight topic headings, each followed by the main themes of each topic and some possible teaching/learning problems. Organised in this way, it would be possible to use the outline as an eight-day course on health economics or eight weekly sessions in a traditional university undergraduate or postgraduate course. The eight topics covered include: (i) What is economics? (ii) Health measurement and valuation; (iii) The patient as demander; (iv) Supply and financing of health care; (v) Setting health priorities; (vi) Assessing the costs and benefits of alternatives; (vii) Strategies for efficiency in health care; and (viii) Equity in health and health care. At a time when there is an increasing demand for economic skills and trained economists with a knowledge of the health care sector, the article emphasises that it would be unfortunate if the view were to become widespread that economics is something that only economists do. Many decision-makers in health care make decisions every day to which the principles of economics can, and should be, applied. It is with a view to introducing more of these decision-makers to the principles of economic analysis that the authors have written this article. However, while some may gain directly, the article aims to stimulate and assist those who might contribute to this process by providing ideas on how economics of health care might be taught.","PeriodicalId":79874,"journal":{"name":"Effective health care","volume":"1 3","pages":"165-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21180355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effective health care Pub Date : 1983-08-01

J R Scherrer

引用次数: 0

Inequalities in health in Britain. A critique of the report of a research working party. 英国健康方面的不平等。对某研究工作组报告的批评。

Effective health care Pub Date : 1983-08-01

E Scrivens, W W Holland

引用次数: 0