Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health最新文献

{"title":"Pregnancy outcome can be improved by saline sonosalpingography in infertile women","authors":"Huda Hussaini, Manal Al-Obaidi","doi":"10.36295/ASRO.2021.24239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36295/ASRO.2021.24239","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Sonosalpingography (SSG) is a method for diagnosis mainly used for assessing fallopian tubes patency. It is a method of screening for infertility assessment. There are many causes of infertility, including some that medical intervention can treat. 20–35% cases of infertility are due to female infertility. Tubal cause the tubal factor accounts 30 % of causes. The aim of study to help female with undiagnosed infertility by hydrotubation using saline sonosalpingogram and eliminate reversible obstructive causes and hostile components to getting spontaneous pregnancy. Method: Prospective study including 180 infertile patient. The period of study from 2017 to 2019. The examination procedure was explained to the patient, then after bladder emptying in lithotomy position, transvaginal sonography carried out by using (transvaginal volume probe for assessment of uterus, endometrial cavity and both adnexa for any evidence of pelvic abnormality before starting saline infusion. Results: mean age of females is 30 ± 7 years old, with duration of fertility 5 ± 4 years.47.3% of females within age group 25-34 years old. (53.7%) of females with para 0, (13.8%) with para 1.88% of females with no abortion. 95.2% of females with normal shape uterus. According to duration of infertility; 30.85% of females with infertility more than 6 years. 44.7% of females with primary infertility while 55.3% with secondary infertility, 29.3% of females with not patent tubes while 70.7% with patent tubes, 76.6% of females with negative pregnancy test while 23.4% with positive pregnancy test. There is no significant association between pregnancy test results with age groups of females and types of fertility these mean age groups and infertility types not effect on results. While there is significant association between pregnancy test results and tubal patency after US; 28.6% of patent tubes with positive pregnancy test. Conclusion: saline sonosalpingogram use for primary diagnosis of tubal patency, tubal may remove tubal obstruction and detect intra cavitaory lesion that lead to increase in spontaneous pregnancy rate.","PeriodicalId":7958,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90756158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFECTS Of LIGHT MASSAGE ON BLOOD PRESSURE And SpO2 IN PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE IN RSUD PROF. DR. MARGONO SOEKARDJO PURWOKERTO","authors":"G. N. Alivian, Nursalam, M. Hasinuddin, A. Hidayat, I. Purnawan","doi":"10.36295/ASRO.2021.24303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36295/ASRO.2021.24303","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Heart disease is the number one cause of death in the world. The problem that often arises in patients with heart failure is hemodynamic instability. Early detection and recognition of characteristics quickly can help prevent deterioration and maximize the healing process. One of the measures to recognize these characteristics is monitoring blood pressure and SpO2. Rapid blood pressure and SpO2 changes are caused by mobilization and stimulation of the patient's body and require periodic blood pressure and SpO2 monitoring. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of light massage on blood pressure and SpO2 in patients with heart failure. Methods: This study used quasy-experiment pretest-posttest with control group design, in 5 hospital wards Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo. Samples were recruited using proportional random sampling technique, consisting of 30 respondents taken according to inclusion criteria, research variables were: giving light massage given 2 times daily for 5 days during treatment. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and observations, and they were analyzed with Paired T-Test and MANOVA. Results: The results showed that between the treatment and control group on the blood pressure and SpO2 variables is light massage p <0.05, MANOVA hypothesis test result obtained p <0,05. Conclusion: Light massage have positive effect on blood pressure and SpO2 in patients with heart failure in RSUD Prof.Dr. Margono Soekardjo Purwokerto.","PeriodicalId":7958,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91047451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study In Banyumas District: Is The Learning Materials Of Football In School Already Oriented To High Order Thinking Skill?","authors":"P. Nurcahyo, Rifqi Festiawan, Kusnandar, I. Yoda, Adi Wijayanto, I. G. A. Santika","doi":"10.36295/ASRO.2021.24366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36295/ASRO.2021.24366","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study aims to analyze how well football learning materials are oriented to HOTS (Higher Level Thinking Skills) in public high schools in Banyumas. Method: This type of research is a descriptive study with a survey method. The population in this study was PJOK teachers in state high schools in High Schools in BanyumasRegency who supported 20 teachers. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Sample criteria included: (1) PJOK teachers in public high schools in Banyumas District, (2) each school was represented by 1 teacher, (3) each teacher provided football learning material in accordance with the lesson plan. Based on this, thos e who meet the 10 criteria for teacher approval.The instrument used is the Change rubric. Data analysis techniques using quantitative descriptive analysis presented in the form of a percentage. Results: Based on the results of data analysis, the results of research and discussion can be known about the analysis of football learning materials oriented to HOTS (Higher Level Thinking Skills) in state high schools in High Schools in Banyumas Regency depending on the category of \"very less\" by 0,00% (0 schools), \"less\" by 0,00% (0 schools), \"enough\" by 30,00% (3 schools), \"Good\" at 70.00% (7 schools), and \"very good\" at 0.00% (0 schools). Based on the average value, which is 65.60, in the \"good\" category.","PeriodicalId":7958,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77999363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness Of Progressive Muscle Relaxation and Deep Breathing based on Internet method in facing Student anxiety during Covid-19","authors":"Komarudin, H. Hermawan, Tri AniHastuti, Moh.Nanang Himawan Kusum","doi":"10.36295/ASRO.2021.24354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36295/ASRO.2021.24354","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The pandemic effect of coronavirus continues to grow throughout the world. This also happened in Indonesia marked by the increasing number of cases of Covid-19 to date. This also happens in Indonesia, which is marked by the increasing number of Covid-19 cases to date and it cannot be predicted when it will be resolved. This condition causes many health and emotional symptoms, one of which is shown by the increasing anxiety symptoms in students. Government policies that prohibit school activities and travel outside the city or hometown affect the increasing symptoms of anxiety cases. This makes conditions even more uncertain considering anxiety is one of the factors that can trigger stress that affects the body's metabolic performance and mental health, thus making a person vulnerable to Covid-19 exposure. One of intervention used to reduce anxiety is the method of progressive muscle relaxation and deep breathing. Considering that during the Pandemic Covid -19 period it was required to implement activities that were to maintain a safe distance (physical distancing), therefore the intervention was carried out using an online platform based on the internet. Objective: This study aims to determine the effectiveness of progressive muscle relaxation and breathing using an internet-based intervention method on anxiety levels in students. Method: This research is a quantitative descriptive and uses a quasi-experimental approach design with pretestposttest without a control group. The sampling method was purposive sampling implemented to students at the Faculty of Sport Science, Yogyakarta State University while ordinal pairing was carried out for data distribution.The analysis used was paired sample t-test with data analysis techniques using paired sample t-test through the SPSS 25 program with a significance level of 95% (α = 0.05). Results: The results showed that progressive muscle relaxation and deep breathing techniques proved to be effective in reducing anxiety in students facing the covid-19 pandemic (p-value = 0,000; α 0.05), which means the hypothesis was accepted. Internet-based progressive muscle relaxation and deep breathing exercises have proven to be effective in reducing student anxiety in the face of the Covid-19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":7958,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80803671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro sperm activation in asthenozoospermic men by using follicular fluid and maca powder","authors":"S. Al-dujaily, Zeina F. H. Al-OBAIDI, Wathic Q. Sh. Ali, H. Wassef, Rasha N. Hussein","doi":"10.36295/ASRO.2021.24218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36295/ASRO.2021.24218","url":null,"abstract":"This study was designed to create a culture media can be improved the certain sperm function parameters by in vitro activation of men semen complaining of asthenozoospermia. The study were used natural component of women production (the follicular fluid) with effective herb extract powder (Maca powder) for this purpose . Materials and methods: Fifty semen samples were obtained from men involved in this study through the period from Nov. 2017 till May 2018. Seminal fluid analysis was done after 3-5 days of abstinence. Each semen aliquot (2ml volume at least ) was divided equally for 4 portions .In vitro activation was performed using four medium namely; Hams -F 12 medium as control medium, follicular fluid medium alone , Maca powder medium alone and a mixture of FF and maca powder at ratio 1:1. Certain sperm function parameters were measured as described by WHO 1999 preand postactivation.. There was a significant increase in active sperm motility grade A (P<0.008 ) and grade B(P<0.03 ) post activation by FF and maca medium compared to other media and pre-activation result. A significant (P<0.05) increase in both grade A and B post activation was observed compared to pre activation by using any medium. There was a significant (p<0.05) improvement in morphologically normal sperm percentage post activation by using FF and maca medium compared to pre activation and postactivation media. It is concluded from the results of current study that mixing of follicular fluid with maca extract can be revealed a very new improved media as both are constitutes of different ions amino acids and growth factors and others which may facilitate the active sperm motility in men complaining from asthenozoospermia.","PeriodicalId":7958,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85844154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Anxiety, Psychosomatic Disorders, Stress Trauma, and Socio-economic Family Status on the Mental Health of Indonesian Communities during COVID-19","authors":"A. Andriyanto, E. Yuniarti, Ana Zakiyah, I. Rofi’ah","doi":"10.36295/ASRO.2021.24333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36295/ASRO.2021.24333","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of anxiety, psychosomatic disorders, trauma stress, and socio-economic family status on the mental health of the Indonesian communities during COVID-19. Methods: This study used analytic research with a cross-sectional approach. The research was conducted on Indonesian society due to the covid-19 pandemic. The sample in this study was 1,090 respondents taken based on purposive sampling. This research instrument is the iinstrument (scale) for measuring the socio-economic family status and self-reportingquestionnaire-29 for mental health problems. The questionnaire uses google form which is distributed through social media. Respondents were selected based on the complete answers given to the questionnaire. The parametric statistical tests with the type of interval data (numeric) used the Pearson test and multiple linear regression. Results: The results obtain a p-value 0.001, which means that there is a relationship of anxiety, psychosomatic disorders, stress trauma, and socio-economic family status with the mental health of Indonesian communities during COVID-19. Based on multiple linear regression tests , the factors that have a close relationship with mental health are anxiety, psychosomatic disorders, and stress trauma (p-value 0.001 <0.05). Conclusion: Several factors cause mental health disorders , including anxiety, psychosomatic disorders, trauma stress, and socio-economic family status. As the recommendations for health workers, especially nurses, in providing health services to the community, they must be more comprehensive and familiar with client responses to prevent psychological impacts.","PeriodicalId":7958,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81897127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate and Malaria in Indonesia","authors":"D. Rejeki, S. Suratman, S. Wijayanti","doi":"10.36295/ASRO.2021.24374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36295/ASRO.2021.24374","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Some regions in Indonesia still have a problem with malaria, particularly in eastern Indonesia. Notwithstanding, Java island has some regencies that have not reached a target of elimination like in a Menoreh Hill. A factor of climate influences the transmission of malaria vector. A suitable climate eases the vector to breed and is the potential for transmitting disease. Information on climate and malaria endemicity is very beneficial to arrange a policy of malaria control to reach the target of malaria elimination in 2030 in Indonesia. Objective: This study aimed to describing climate and malaria endemicity on Menoreh Hill from 2005 to 2015. Method: This was a descriptive spatial analysis. The unit of analysis was all 43 endemic villages located on Menoreh Hill. Monthly malaria data were collected for 11 years and obtained from health centers. Data on population number per village per year were obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics. Meanwhile, data of climate were collected from four stations available at the research site. Furthermore, descriptive and spatial analyses were performed using the software of Arc Gis. Data on climate were analysed using an interpolation method of IDW and then were overlaid with malaria cases. Results: The results of this research showed that API on Menoreh Hill tended to increase until the year of 2015. In addition, number of villages with categories of MCI and HCI also rose significantly , especially in Purworejo Regency. The results of interpolation for temperature and rainfall data demonstrated that an area with temperature ranging from 25.0 o C to 26.5 o C and rainfall ranging from 5.6 mm/month to 6.5 mm/month was the most malaria cases.","PeriodicalId":7958,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"06 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86339087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Syzygium aromaticum in over weight and obese female patients withPolycystic Ovary Syndrome","authors":"Ehab Hussein, Ahmed R. Abu-raghif, Hala A. Almoayed","doi":"10.36295/ASRO.2021.24222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36295/ASRO.2021.24222","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome is that the commonest reproductive endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age, affecting high of population worldwide. It’s the most typical multisystem endocrinopathy having diverse etiopathogenesis in women, causing menstrual irregularities, hirsutism and anovulatory infertility. Objective: To determine the effect of Clove, Syzygium aromaticum supplementation on body weight, BMI, Insulin level, insulin resistanceindexes, fasting glucose level, LH level, Testosterone, androgen binding globulin and lipid profile in over weight and obese women patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).Methods: fifteen obese and overweight women with PCOS mean (BMI =32) with mean (age= 29) were enrolled in the study, the clove group (n=50 patients), who were received clove in a dose of 1000 mg daily) for three months. The parameters were measured before and after three months of treatment are: BMI, Fasting plasma glucose, Serum insulin levels, Insulin resistance indexes: (HOMA-B) (HOMA _IR) and (QUICKI). Lipid profile: serum cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDLC, LDL-C and HDL-C, luteinizing hormone LH, testosterone and sex hormone binding globulin.Results: Clove shows no significant decrease in weight,BMI , insulin level andserum cholesterol and QUICKI.with highsignificant decrease in values of glucose, , HOMAB, HOMAIR, ,testosterone ,LH,, triglycerides, VLDL-C and LDL-C and highly significant increase in HDL-C and SHBG concentrations. Conclusion: Clovewashelpful in managementof patients with PCOS throw their ability to decrease the glucose, insulin resistance, lipidprofile, Testosterone and LH and increase the HDL and SHBG.","PeriodicalId":7958,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86670246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship Between Susceptibility and Benefits Perceptions With the Self-Control Efforts of Hypertension Sufferers","authors":"Annisa Nur Laili, Koernia Nanda Pratama, Nur Indarwati, Y. Sari","doi":"10.36295/ASRO.2021.24325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36295/ASRO.2021.24325","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Levels of hypertension are on the rise globally. Various comorbidities are caused by hypertension. Hypertension sufferers must learn to control their disease. This study analyzes the relationship between susceptibility perception and the benefits of hypertension self-control in patients in Puskesmas Sumbang 1, Banyumas, Indonesia. Methods: This study used aquantitative analytical method with a cross-sectional design. We used a simple random sampling technique with 84 hypertension sufferers in Puskesmas Sumbang 1 Banyumas Regency Working Area. The data was collected via an adapted questionnaire taken from a similar previous study. The questionnaire was adjusted according to the health belief model theory and data were analyzed with a Chi-square test. Results: The results showed that most of the respondents (63%) carried out good self-control efforts. The majority of respondents showed high susceptibility (58.8%) and benefits (84.5%) perceptions. There was a significant relationship between susceptibility perception and self-control efforts of hypertension sufferers in Puskesmas Sumbang 1, but we found no significant relationship between benefits perceptions and self-control efforts of hypertension sufferers (p = 0.024, p = 0.325). Conclusion: Susceptibility perception had a significant relationship with self-control effort, while the perception of the benefit had no significant relationship with the self-control efforts of hypertension sufferers.","PeriodicalId":7958,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90309519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The suitability of using a modified real-time reverse transcriptase PCR method in the detection of Enterovirus in respiratory samples from Iraq","authors":"A. Saihood, Areej Salih Saihood, A. R. Rayshan","doi":"10.36295/ASRO.2021.24237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36295/ASRO.2021.24237","url":null,"abstract":"The Enterovirus is an important infectious agent that should focus on for better recognition and control. The current work was initiated to use a modified real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) technique. For this aim, clinical specimens of300 human septum samples from patients with respiratory symptomswere obtained different regions in Al-Diwaniyah province from Iraq. The study was aimed at using VP1 gene based target with a specific primer set. The results of the RT-PCR method uncovered the presence of Enterovirus in 96(32%) samples. The method findings demonstrated successful rates with sensitivity (100%) and specificity (95%). The results provide evidence about the probability of the existence of the virus in those samples plus give critical importance about the use of this method in the identifying the target virus alone with high accuracy. Keyword: Enterovirus, RT-PCR, VP1 gene How to cite this article: Saihood AS, Saihood AS, Rayshan AR(2021): The suitability of using a modified real-time reverse transcriptase PCR method in the detection of Enterovirus in respiratory samples from Iraq, Ann Trop Med & Public Health; 24(S2): SP24237. DOI: http://doi.org/10.36295/ASRO.2021.24237 Introduction Enterovirus is one of the most common human pathogenic microorganisms, causing 10 to 15 million new infections in the United States per year. Therefore, both men have several EV diseases during their lives. There are 116 EV types in all four Enterovirus variants (A, B, C, D). Enteroviruses may induce either asymptomatic infections or acute diseases like diarrhea to encephalitis. Enterovirus disease, during early life years, offers lifetime immunity toward Saihood et al (2021): Use of reverse transcriptase PCR for detecting Enterovirus from respiratory samples Feb 2021 Vol. 24 Issue 2 Annals of Tropical Medicine & Public Health http://doi.org/10.36295/ASRO.2021.24237 post-homologous virus exposure and can also help to prohibit the occurrence of autoimmune diseases.Human Enterovirus was first identified from children with respiratory infections. The Fermon strain was referred to as the variant type obtained from samples of those children. However, till the beginning of the 2000s, there had not yet been a significant number of the virus occurrences. Since 2008 to 2012, nevertheless, the virus has been identified as an evolving microorganism sufficient to cause serious respiratory diseases in some of Asian, European, America countries such as the Philippines, Japan, and the Netherlands and the United States (1–4) . Initially categorized via serotyping, the genetic relatedness of entererovirus types which cause human infections is now categorized into 4 species (EV-A to EV-D). The group comprises three rhinovirus members (RV-A to RV-C, common cold triggers) and five animal affecting organisms. Most recently, Picornaviridae has produced a new family, the Parechoviruses, which included identical yet genetic variations, which were historically known as ente","PeriodicalId":7958,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73260414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}