Respiratory care clinics of North America最新文献

{"title":"Infant and toddler polysomnography.","authors":"Carole Kline,&nbsp;Theresa Krupski","doi":"10.1016/j.rcc.2005.11.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcc.2005.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The acquisition process for infant and toddler polysomnography requires pediatric-specific equipment and specially trained personnel. Pediatric laboratories must keep in mind the importance of including the parent through-out the process. The demand for infant and pediatric polysomnography continues to grow as new research increasingly demonstrates the value of studying physiologic variables collected during the study.</p>","PeriodicalId":79530,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory care clinics of North America","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25900231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overview of sleep disorders.","authors":"Glenn Roldan,&nbsp;Robert C Ang","doi":"10.1016/j.rcc.2005.11.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcc.2005.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sleep disorders are common and can affect anyone, from every social class and every ethnic background. It is estimated that more than 70 million Americans are afflicted by chronic sleep disorders. Currently about 88 sleep disorders are described by the International Classification of Sleep Disorders as established by The American Academy of Sleep Medicine. This article describes the dyssomnias and parasomnias most commonly seen in the clinical setting of the sleep disorder clinic or laboratory.</p>","PeriodicalId":79530,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory care clinics of North America","volume":"12 1","pages":"31-54, viii"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25900093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical disorders and their effects on sleep.","authors":"Teofilo L Lee-Chiong","doi":"10.1016/j.rcc.2005.11.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcc.2005.11.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Disturbances of sleep can be encountered in many medical disorders. Conversely, sleep impairment can adversely affect the symptoms of a variety of medical conditions, including respiratory, cardiac, gastrointestinal, renal, rheumatologic, and infectious disorders. More than one sleep pathology may be present in a particular patient, and these disorders may interact to increase the severity or prolong the duration of sleep disturbance.</p>","PeriodicalId":79530,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory care clinics of North America","volume":"12 1","pages":"55-69, viii"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25900094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep report parameters and calculations.","authors":"Cynthia Mattice","doi":"10.1016/j.rcc.2005.11.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcc.2005.11.011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Accurate interpretation of a polysomnogram is based on a sleep parameters report generated from the scored sleep stages and clinical events. Understanding the calculations necessary to verify the accuracy of the digitally produced PSG evaluation report ensures that the interpreting physician has the necessary information to formulate an impression and make recommendations. This chapter provides definitions of the sleep report parameters and the calculations to verify accuracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":79530,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory care clinics of North America","volume":"12 1","pages":"11-5, vii"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25900232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical assessment of the sleep disordered patient.","authors":"Laura A Linley","doi":"10.1016/j.rcc.2005.08.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcc.2005.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Daytime sleepiness and inadequate sleep patterns have become a universal issue. The effects of sleep loss are more than just a nuisance; sleep loss can lead to increased mortality. Prudent and responsible clinicians should make the sleep assessment a routine part of the health history.</p>","PeriodicalId":79530,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory care clinics of North America","volume":"11 4","pages":"597-603"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25703506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Troubleshooting and elimination of artifact in polysomnography.","authors":"Bretton Beine","doi":"10.1016/j.rcc.2005.08.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcc.2005.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A sleep technician who runs a sleep study without understanding the basis of the signals being acquired can spend a lot of time and energy trying to improve poor signal quality without success. Poor signal quality often results in an image that cannot be interpreted or is difficult to interpret, and extensive troubleshooting often results in a very disrupted sleep study. This article addresses trouble-shooting and elimination of artifact in polysomnography.</p>","PeriodicalId":79530,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory care clinics of North America","volume":"11 4","pages":"617-34, viii"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25703509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Positive airway pressure and oxygen therapy in the sleep laboratory.","authors":"James T Hundley","doi":"10.1016/j.rcc.2005.08.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcc.2005.08.010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adequate titration of PAP and oxygen therapy depends on intuitive, observant, and highly skilled acquisition technicians. Sleep laboratories must have a variety of equipment to ensure that technicians have adequate resources during manual titrations. Titration policies and procedures must be determined and written by sleep laboratory staff to ensure compliance with third-party payers, provide guidance to technical staff, and enable ongoing quality improvement processes. Methods of PAP and NIPPV are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":79530,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory care clinics of North America","volume":"11 4","pages":"679-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25723605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Basic principles of polysomnography including electrical concepts.","authors":"S Justin Thomas","doi":"10.1016/j.rcc.2005.08.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcc.2005.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polysomnographic technology has advanced by exponential degrees since the first sleep studies were conducted by Dement. The basic electrical concepts have remained the same since that time and are an essential element in the understanding of polysomnographic equipment. The application of these basic electrical concepts has allowed, however, for an improvement in the acquisition,manipulation, and storage of physiologic data during sleep. This article defines polysomnography in terms of its history and its current status. The basic electrical concepts are presented with their application to polysomnography. A discussion of other basic principles is included with practical application.</p>","PeriodicalId":79530,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory care clinics of North America","volume":"11 4","pages":"587-95, vii"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25703504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep stage scoring in the adult population.","authors":"Marietta Bellamy Bibbs,&nbsp;Max Hirshkowitz","doi":"10.1016/j.rcc.2005.08.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcc.2005.08.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sleep stage scoring is a system-based classification procedure requiring knowledge and understanding of brainwave electrical potentials and their patterns in different cortical areas. Monitoring precise scalp locations requires standardized electrode placements. The electroencephalogram is recorded concurrently with eye movement potentials (electro-oculogram) and submentalis muscle activity (electromyogram). The resulting recording is a polysomnogram. This article addresses sleep stage scoring in adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":79530,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory care clinics of North America","volume":"11 4","pages":"691-707, ix"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25723606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurophysiology of sleep and wakefulness.","authors":"Cameron D Harris","doi":"10.1016/j.rcc.2005.08.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcc.2005.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wakefulness, NREM sleep, and REM sleep are three distinct states of existence. Each state has characteristic behavioral and physiologic patterns,and each has specific neurophysiologic mechanisms associated with its generation and control. Structures in the brainstem use various neurotransmitters to influence higher brain structures in the midbrain and cortex. The ARAS provides cholinergic, noradrenergic, and glutaminergic stimulation to the thalamus, hypothalamus, and basal forebrain resulting in cholinergic and glutaminergic excitation of the cortex. An active cortex that exhibits a characteristic pattern of desynchronized EEG manifests wakefulness. Various factors affect the need and timing of sleep onset. These factors influence the nucleus tractus solitarius, causing its noradrenergic projections to midbrain and forebrain structures to inhibit activity in the ARAS, resulting inactivation of inhibitory GABAergic thalamocortical projections to the cor-tex. During a state of decreased activation, the cortex exhibits a pattern of synchronized EEG. Transition between NREM sleep and REM sleep is controlled by noradrenergic neurons in the loci coeruleus and serotoninergic neurons in the raphe called REM-off cells and cholinergic neurons in the nucleus reticularis pontis oralis called REM-on cells. Other brain structures are involved in generation and control of REM sleep-related phenomena, such as eye movement and muscle atonia. During wakefulness, there is increased sympathetic tone and decreased parasympathetic tone that maintains most organ systems in a state of action or readiness. During NREM sleep, there is decreased sympathetic tone and increased parasympathetic activity that creates a state of reduced activity. REM sleep is characterized by increased parasympathetic activity and variable sympathetic activity associated with increased activation of certain brain functions. The states of wakefulness and sleep are characterized as stages that are defined by stereotypical EEG, EMG, and EOG patterns. Wakefulness stage has an EEG pattern predominated by the alpha rhythm. With onset of stage 1 sleep, the alpha rhythm attenuates, and an EEG pattern of relatively low voltage and mixed frequency is seen. Progression to stage 2 sleep is defined by the appearance of sleep spindles or K-complexes. Further progression into the deepest sleep stages 3 and 4 is defined by the occurrence of high-amplitude, low-frequency EEG activity. The progression of sleep stages occurs in cycles of 60 to 120 minutes throughout the sleep period. Various circadian environmental and ontologic factors affect the pattern of sleep stage occurrence.</p>","PeriodicalId":79530,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory care clinics of North America","volume":"11 4","pages":"567-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25703503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}