Cytokines, cellular & molecular therapy最新文献

Intracellular cytokine analysis of interferon-gamma in T cells of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. 慢性髓性白血病患者T细胞干扰素- γ的细胞内细胞因子分析。

Cytokines, cellular & molecular therapy Pub Date : 2002-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/13684730412331302063

Jorg M Aswald, Jeffrey H Lipton, Hans A Messner

{"title":"Intracellular cytokine analysis of interferon-gamma in T cells of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia.","authors":"Jorg M Aswald, Jeffrey H Lipton, Hans A Messner","doi":"10.1080/13684730412331302063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13684730412331302063","url":null,"abstract":"The role of T cells in eradicating leukemic cells has been well demonstrated for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Type 1 (T1) T-cell cytokines play a major role in this antileukemic immune effect. Studies in cancer patients have demonstrated a decreased T1 cytokine production, measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), in cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. This observation of malignancy-related suppressed T1 cytokines also occurs in untreated chronic-phase (CP) CML, raising the question of the influence of different CML treatment regimens on this immunosuppression. Intracellular flow cytometry (ICF) has facilitated the evaluation of cytokines on a single-cell level. This study analyzed T1 (interferon-gamma) cytokine production in purified peripheral blood T cells by ICF, comparing different therapy approaches for CML. Twenty-one newly diagnosed CP CML patients were compared with 24 patients treated with interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) and to 30 allogeneic bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients (BCR-ABL negative by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, and free of, or having only limited graft-versus-host disease at the time of study). Thirty-seven healthy controls were included. Our results showed a significantly decreased T-cell IFN-gamma synthesis in CP CML patients in relation to healthy controls (P = 0.0007). Treatment with IFN-alpha resulted in a shift from immunosuppression--documented for the group of untreated patients--to immunopotentiation, with an increase of T-cell IFN-gamma production (P = 0.0266). Notably, BMT enhanced IFN-gamma production of T cells to a level not only exceeding untreated patients (P < 0.0001) but also healthy volunteers (P < 0.0001). The observation of T1 cytokine up-regulation with IFN-alpha therapy indicates that enhanced T-cell function may be achievable in patients with CML, even in the absence of an allo-response.","PeriodicalId":79485,"journal":{"name":"Cytokines, cellular & molecular therapy","volume":"7 2","pages":"75-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13684730412331302063","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22264742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Pharmacologic and cytokine treatment of commonly encountered anemias. 常见病的药物及细胞因子治疗。

Cytokines, cellular & molecular therapy Pub Date : 2002-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/13684730412331302090

MaryAnn Foote, Alan Colowick, David A Goodkin

{"title":"Pharmacologic and cytokine treatment of commonly encountered anemias.","authors":"MaryAnn Foote, Alan Colowick, David A Goodkin","doi":"10.1080/13684730412331302090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13684730412331302090","url":null,"abstract":"Anemia has multiple etiologies: it may be caused by nutritional deficiencies or congenital abnormalities, or it may be associated with a number of conditions, such as chronic kidney disease, cancer, or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Anemia is associated with an increase in morbidity and mortality in patients with endstage renal disease, cancer, or HIV infection. Each case of anemia is different, with different causes, clinical consequences, and treatment strategies. Identifying the most appropriate treatment requires an understanding of the etiology of the anemia and investigation of the nature of the causative medical condition. In some cases, such as anemia associated with chronic kidney disease, treatment is well defined and consists of administration of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, accompanied by iron supplementation where appropriate. In other instances, such as megaloblastic anemia, which may be caused by vitamin or folate deficiency, vitamin supplementation alone may be a clinically appropriate treatment. This article gives an overview of the etiologies and current therapies of the most commonly encountered types of anemia, highlighting both the diverse nature of the condition, and the equally diverse pharmacologic and supportive treatment approaches.","PeriodicalId":79485,"journal":{"name":"Cytokines, cellular & molecular therapy","volume":"7 2","pages":"49-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13684730412331302090","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22264823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Molecular aspects of glucocorticoid hormone action in rheumatoid arthritis. 糖皮质激素在类风湿关节炎中的分子作用。

Cytokines, cellular & molecular therapy Pub Date : 2002-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/13684730412331302081

Gunther Neeck, Rainer Renkawitz, Martin Eggert

{"title":"Molecular aspects of glucocorticoid hormone action in rheumatoid arthritis.","authors":"Gunther Neeck, Rainer Renkawitz, Martin Eggert","doi":"10.1080/13684730412331302081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13684730412331302081","url":null,"abstract":"Glucocorticoids (GC) are the most powerful anti-inflammatory drugs used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. In addition, endogenous GC are involved in numerous physiological processes. Most of their effects are mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) via activation or repression of gene expression. Whereas activation requires DNA binding of the receptor, repression is mediated by protein-protein interactions with other transcription factors. In particular, most immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects are exerted by an interaction of GR with the activating protein 1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) families of transcription factors without DNA binding. Cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 1 (IL-1) activate the hypothalamus pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis, whereas GC inhibit IL-1 and TNF-alpha forming a cytokine-HPA axis feedback circuit. The high effectiveness of cytokine-antagonists blocking TNF-alpha or IL-1 in RA and the understanding of the precise molecular mechanisms of GC function will enhance our understanding of autoimmune diseases, such as RA, and could suggest new beneficial therapeutic approaches with fewer side-effects.","PeriodicalId":79485,"journal":{"name":"Cytokines, cellular & molecular therapy","volume":"7 2","pages":"61-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13684730412331302081","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22264740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 42

Fluctuating lymphocyte chimerism, tolerance and anti-tumor response in a patient with refractory lymphoma receiving nonmyeloablative conditioning and a haploidentical related allogeneic bone marrow transplant. 难治性淋巴瘤患者接受非清髓调节和单倍体相关异基因骨髓移植的波动淋巴细胞嵌合、耐受性和抗肿瘤反应

Cytokines, cellular & molecular therapy Pub Date : 2002-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/13684730412331302054

Han C Toh, Thomas R Spitzer, Frederic Preffer, Stephen I Alexander, Steve McAfee, David Dombkowski, Jeffrey S Clark, Christine Colby, Susan Saidman, Robert Sackstein, Megan Sykes

{"title":"Fluctuating lymphocyte chimerism, tolerance and anti-tumor response in a patient with refractory lymphoma receiving nonmyeloablative conditioning and a haploidentical related allogeneic bone marrow transplant.","authors":"Han C Toh, Thomas R Spitzer, Frederic Preffer, Stephen I Alexander, Steve McAfee, David Dombkowski, Jeffrey S Clark, Christine Colby, Susan Saidman, Robert Sackstein, Megan Sykes","doi":"10.1080/13684730412331302054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13684730412331302054","url":null,"abstract":"A 51-year-old patient with refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) received non-myeloablative conditioning and a two of six (A, B, DR) human leucocyte antigen (HLA) mismatched donor BMT. Post-BMT lymphocytes showed fluctuating T- and natural killer (NK)-cell chimerism, which culminated in mainly donor lymphocytes by Day + 100. Changes in lymphocyte chimerism correlated with anti-donor and anti-host responses in mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). On Day + 100, a strong anti-host response was observed in MLR in the absence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), together with near complete regression of the patient's lymphoma. A mild chronic GVHD later developed and, eventually, by 680 days post-BMT, the lymphoma had relapsed and MLR reflected a state of global immune unresponsiveness. These observations demonstrate evolving host-versus-graft and graft-versus-host tolerance that correlates with fluctuating lymphoid chimerism and graft-versus-lymphoma (GVL) effects, in the absence of severe GVHD. Eventual lymphoma relapse temporally correlated with a generalised immunosuppressed state.","PeriodicalId":79485,"journal":{"name":"Cytokines, cellular & molecular therapy","volume":"7 2","pages":"43-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13684730412331302054","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22264822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Serum levels of melanoma-inhibiting activity do not predict relapse in melanoma patients. 黑色素瘤抑制活性的血清水平不能预测黑色素瘤患者的复发。

Cytokines, cellular & molecular therapy Pub Date : 2002-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/13684730412331302072

Virginia M Klimek, Linda Williams, Paul B Chapman

{"title":"Serum levels of melanoma-inhibiting activity do not predict relapse in melanoma patients.","authors":"Virginia M Klimek, Linda Williams, Paul B Chapman","doi":"10.1080/13684730412331302072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13684730412331302072","url":null,"abstract":"Melanoma-inhibiting activity (MIA) is a 107 amino-acid protein secreted from melanoma cells and frequently detectable at high concentration in the serum of patients with advanced melanoma. Early studies suggested that MIA may be a useful serum tumor-marker for detection of recurrent or progressive disease. We evaluated the sensitivity of serum MIA levels in predicting the risk of relapse in patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Stage II, III, and IV melanoma. MIA was measured by ELISA in serum from 39 patients with AJCC Stage II, III and IV disease at a single time-point 1 month to 5 years after they were rendered free of disease. Twenty-three of the 39 patients recurred, with a median follow-up of 4.5 months. Only four of the 23 patients who recurred had shown elevated MIA values (17% sensitivity). Of the 16 patients who remain free of disease (median follow-up 3.5 years, range 11 months to 6.3 years), one patient had an elevated MIA. There was no significant difference in the proportion of patients with elevated serum MIA between the patients who recurred and those who remained free of disease. In this series, serum MIA was not a sensitive marker for relapse in patients who were clinically free of disease after treatment.","PeriodicalId":79485,"journal":{"name":"Cytokines, cellular & molecular therapy","volume":"7 2","pages":"71-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13684730412331302072","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22264741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Regulation of colony-stimulating factor-induced human myelopoiesis by transforming growth factor-beta isoforms. 通过转化生长因子- β亚型调控集落刺激因子诱导的人骨髓形成。

Cytokines, cellular & molecular therapy Pub Date : 2002-03-01 DOI: 10.1080/13684730216400

S. Salzman, J. Mazza, J. Burmester

{"title":"Regulation of colony-stimulating factor-induced human myelopoiesis by transforming growth factor-beta isoforms.","authors":"S. Salzman, J. Mazza, J. Burmester","doi":"10.1080/13684730216400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13684730216400","url":null,"abstract":"Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) proteins are multifunctional regulators of cell growth and differentiation. The three isoforms, TGF-beta1, -beta2, -beta3 share approximately 70% identical amino acid sequence and are coded by three distinct genes. Growth and differentiation functions in which the isoforms have differential activity include: inhibition of colorectal cancer cell growth, migration of aortic endothelial cells, survival of ciliary ganglionic neurons, and binding to cell surface receptors. A previous paper reported that TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 had bimodal dose-dependent stimulatory and inhibitory effects on granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor induced Day 7 granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units. The effects of TGF-beta3 were only inhibitory. At low concentrations, TGF-beta1 and -beta2 stimulated growth, whereas at higher concentrations both isoforms inhibited growth. We now report that TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2, and TGF-beta3 are similar to each other at low concentrations; at higher concentrations TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta3 inhibit growth, but TGF-beta2 stimulates growth. Our results are consistent with the known affinities of the TGF-beta isoforms with the Type II TGF-beta signaling receptor, which has greater affinity for TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta3 than TGF-beta2.","PeriodicalId":79485,"journal":{"name":"Cytokines, cellular & molecular therapy","volume":"7 1 1","pages":"31-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13684730216400","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59837036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Increased IFN-gamma synthesis by T cells from patients on imatinib therapy for chronic myeloid leukemia. 伊马替尼治疗慢性髓性白血病患者的T细胞ifn - γ合成增加。

Cytokines, cellular & molecular therapy Pub Date : 2002-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/13684730210002319

Jorg M Aswald, Jeffrey H Lipton, Sandra Aswald, Hans A Messner

{"title":"Increased IFN-gamma synthesis by T cells from patients on imatinib therapy for chronic myeloid leukemia.","authors":"Jorg M Aswald, Jeffrey H Lipton, Sandra Aswald, Hans A Messner","doi":"10.1080/13684730210002319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13684730210002319","url":null,"abstract":"Decreased Type 1 cytokine production has been observed in T cells of patients with untreated chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The important role of T cells and T-cell cytokines in the long-term control of CML is well established, for example in allogeneic stem-cell graft recipients. This study examined whether or not molecularly targeted therapy with imatinib, an inhibitor of the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase, improved endogenous T-cell function in patients resistant to or intolerant of previous IFN-alpha therapy. Intracellular cytokine staining and detection by flow cytometry was used to analyze the expression of the T1 cytokine IFN-gamma in T cells. To secure independence from changes in white blood cell counts during treatment, a constant number of T cells was purified from the peripheral blood before analysis of the proportion of IFN-gamma synthesizing T cells. Twenty-nine patients with CML were tested before and after a median follow-up of 3 month on imatinib. In addition, late follow-up (past the median time to best cytogenetic response) of 15 patients were obtained Twenty-nine age- and gender-matched individuals were used as healthy controls. The frequency of IFN-gamma producing T cells in CML patients resistant to or intolerant to previous IFN-alpha therapy was lower than in healthy individuals (p=0.0181, Mann-Whitney test). Imatinib therapy led to a significant increase over pre-treatment values (p<0.0001, Mann-Whitney test). Late follow-up indicated that the increase was sustained in patients not in major cytogenetic response. In contrast, in major responders levels returned towards values comparable to healthy individuals. In conclusion, treatment with imatinib achieves a significant increase in Type 1 (IFN-gamma) cytokine-producing T cells in patients with CML. This is consistent with the view that enhanced T-cell function is achievable in patients with CML, even in the absence of allo-mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":79485,"journal":{"name":"Cytokines, cellular & molecular therapy","volume":"7 4","pages":"143-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13684730210002319","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24112553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 38

Serum interleukin-6 concentrations as predictive factor of time to progression in metastatic malignant melanoma patients treated by biochemotherapy: a retrospective study. 血清白介素-6浓度作为生物化疗转移性恶性黑色素瘤患者进展时间的预测因素:一项回顾性研究

Cytokines, cellular & molecular therapy Pub Date : 2002-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/13684730210002328

Roger Mouawad, Olivier Rixe, Jean-Baptiste Meric, David Khayat, Claude Soubrane

{"title":"Serum interleukin-6 concentrations as predictive factor of time to progression in metastatic malignant melanoma patients treated by biochemotherapy: a retrospective study.","authors":"Roger Mouawad, Olivier Rixe, Jean-Baptiste Meric, David Khayat, Claude Soubrane","doi":"10.1080/13684730210002328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13684730210002328","url":null,"abstract":"This retrospective study sought to evaluate the impact of IL-6 concentration on time to progression in advanced melanoma. One hundred and thirty-five patients were included, serum IL-6 levels were determined before (Day 0), at the end of the treatment (Day 49) and at recurrence: the relationship between IL-6 concentration and time to progression (TTP) was also evaluated. The baseline median serum IL-6 level was 16.5 pg/ml. When disease progression was observed, an increase in serum IL-6 level was noted. In order to establish the possible relationship between IL-6 level and TTP, patients were divided into two groups (low and high) using the median IL-6 level (16.5 pg/ml) detected in the pretreatment serum of overall patients as a cut-off. Sixty patients were in the low IL-6 group and 56 patients in the high IL-6 group. Time to progression was calculated from the beginning of treatment to recurrence, and analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Patients with low IL-6 serum concentration showed a significantly (p<0.00001) higher median TTP than patients with high IL-6 level. Patients maintaining a low IL-6 level during the treatment showed the longest median TTP compared with those supporting high levels (24.4 versus 5.5 months). Taken together, our results showed that serum IL-6 level could be considered a predictive marker of recurrent disease in metastatic malignant melanoma.","PeriodicalId":79485,"journal":{"name":"Cytokines, cellular & molecular therapy","volume":"7 4","pages":"151-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13684730210002328","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24112554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 42

Pharmacology of Cytokines 细胞因子药理学

Cytokines, cellular & molecular therapy Pub Date : 2002-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/13684730216403

D. Remick

引用次数: 0

GM-CSF DNA induces specific patterns of cytokines and chemokines in the skin: implications for DNA vaccines. GM-CSF DNA在皮肤中诱导细胞因子和趋化因子的特定模式:对DNA疫苗的影响

Cytokines, cellular & molecular therapy Pub Date : 2002-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/13684730310000923

Miguel-Angel Perales, Giamila Fantuzzi, Stacie M Goldberg, Mary Jo Turk, Fariborz Mortazavi, Klaus Busam, Alan N Houghton, Charles A Dinarello, Jedd D Wolchok

{"title":"GM-CSF DNA induces specific patterns of cytokines and chemokines in the skin: implications for DNA vaccines.","authors":"Miguel-Angel Perales, Giamila Fantuzzi, Stacie M Goldberg, Mary Jo Turk, Fariborz Mortazavi, Klaus Busam, Alan N Houghton, Charles A Dinarello, Jedd D Wolchok","doi":"10.1080/13684730310000923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13684730310000923","url":null,"abstract":"Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) enhances immune responses by inducing the proliferation, maturation, and migration of dendritic cells, and the expansion and differentiation of B and T lymphocytes. Similar biological effects have been observed with the use of GM-CSF DNA in mouse models for therapy of cancer and infectious diseases, and its use is currently being investigated in clinical trials in combination with DNA vaccines. To further understand the adjuvant mechanisms of GM-CSF DNA, we examined early events following its administration. We found measurable levels of GM-CSF protein in the skin and muscle, as well as in serum. Measurements of other cytokine and chemokine levels revealed differential expression patterns over time. The early response was characterized by high levels of inflammatory molecules, including IL-1beta, IL-6, TNFalpha, RANTES, MIP-1alpha and MCP-1, later followed by expression of precursor Th1 cytokines, IL-12 and IL-18, concomitant with IFNgamma production. Local production of GM-CSF protein also resulted in the early recruitment of polymorphonuclear cells and later recruitment of mononuclear cells, including dendritic cells. These results have implications for understanding early events in the immune response to DNA vaccines, and provide a basis for development of new approaches to cancer vaccines, including the use of cytokine genes as adjuvants.","PeriodicalId":79485,"journal":{"name":"Cytokines, cellular & molecular therapy","volume":"7 3","pages":"125-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13684730310000923","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22474503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 34