Acta ophthalmologica Scandinavica. Supplement最新文献

{"title":"Morphology of the vitreoretinal border region.","authors":"S Heegaard","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Membrana limitans interna retinae (MLI) has been studied since 1871 and in structure and composition have been discussed since then. With the use of electron microscopes when studying the MLI a new terminology has been introduced, i.e. the vitreoretinal border region (VBR). In this survey, ther general concept of basement membranes has been applied to the VBR. The VBR consists of two major components. The inner: anchoring fibrils of the vitreous body and the outer: MLI. The MLI is further defined as composed of three structures: the fusing points of the anchoring vitreous fibrils, lamina densa and lamina lucida. Stress forces between the retina and the vitreous body are transmitted via this border region, and may cause severe clinical conditions such as retinal detachment. To investigate this border region morphologically, improvements in the conventional preparation technique for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were found to be necessary in order to exhibit more details of the VBR. A new rapid procedure for desiccating frozen resin-cracked retinal tissue using hexamethyldisilazane was found to be appropriate. Sixteen pairs of normal eyes, 16 pairs of monkey eyes, 55 pairs of non-normal eyes from different animal species, enzyme digested monkey retinas and the retinas of two rat models with diabetes and hypertension respectively were investigated. In addition to SEM, the vitreoretinal border region was also investigated by means of light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The material was analyzed morphometrically. The human MLI increases markedly in thickness during the first months/years of life in the equatorial and macular regions. The thickness is stable from the second decade, and remains unchanged throughout subsequent decades. A regional difference in thickness of the MLI was found in all human adult eyes and in monkey eyes; it was thickest in the macular region. The length of vitreous fibrils close to the MLI also varied between the four regions in human eyes, the longest being in the ora serrata region, the second longest in the equatorial region, the next longest in the optic disc region and the shortest in the macular region. A morphological similarity in the appearance of the VBR was found in humans and monkeys. All other animals, except for cephalopods, showed a marked uniformity of the VBR. The enzyme-digested monkey retinas showed the fibrillar meshwork of the VBR to consist mainly of collagen fibers surrounded predominantly by hyaluronic acid. No firm correlation between thickness of the VBR and diabetes or hypertension could be demonstrated in the two animal models.</p>","PeriodicalId":79428,"journal":{"name":"Acta ophthalmologica Scandinavica. Supplement","volume":" 222","pages":"1-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20237538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diabetic retinopathy. Screening and prevention of blindness. A doctoral thesis.","authors":"J K Kristinsson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetic eye disease is a major cause of blindness in the Western World and remains one of the most serious complications of diabetes mellitus. Retinopathy is the ocular complication of diabetes that most often leads to impaired vision. In recent years laser treatment has been introduced that can significantly decrease the likelihood of blindness in diabetic patients, if the eyes are treated at the appropriate stage of the disease. It remains a public health problem to make sure that each patient is treated at the optimal time in the development of the eye disease. Several types of screening programs have been designed throughout the world to meet this problem. We now report on our active screening program for diabetic eye disease and describe the sight and eye condition of the diabetic patients who have been involved in this program. In 1980, regular eye screening for diabetic retinopathy was initiated at Department of Ophthalmology, Landakot Hospital. The number of diabetic patients seen regularly has increased considerably since then, with 70-80% of type 1 diabetic patients in the country participating in the program in 1990, increasing to over 90% in 1994. About a fifth of type 2 diabetics in the country participated in the program in 1990. The patients have undergone annual eye examinations and fundus photography. Laser treatment is administered for proliferative retinopathy and diabetic macular edema according to the Diabetic Retinopathy Study and Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study criteria. In 1990, we embarked on a cross-sectional study to evaluate the prevalence of retinopathy and visual impairment of the type 1 and type 2 patients participating in our program. At the time of study, 205 insulin-taking patients, with age at diagnosis of less than 30 years, participated in our screening program. Out of those, retinopathy was present in 106 (52%), patients proliferative retinopathy in 26 (13%) and macular edema in 19 (9%). Visual acuity of 196 patients (96%) was equal or better than 6/12 in their better eye, 6 patients (3%) had 6/18-6/36 in their better eye, and 2 patients (1%) had equal or worse than 6/60 in their better eye, or legally blind. We concluded that the prevalence of retinopathy and visual impairment in type 1 diabetic patients in the country was low compared with other countries. In 1990, out of 245 diabetic patients with Type 2 diabetes, retinopathy was present in 100 patients (41%), proliferative retinopathy had been present in 17 (7%) and 24 (10%) had diabetic macular edema. A total of 224 patients (91%) had visual acuity equal or better than 6/12 in their better eye, 17 patients (7%) with 6/18-6/36 in their better eye, and 4 patients (1.6%) equal or worse than 6/60 in their better eye, or legally blind. We concluded that the prevalence of visual impairment of those type 2 diabetic patients participating in our screening program at the time of study was low compared with population-based studies from other cou","PeriodicalId":79428,"journal":{"name":"Acta ophthalmologica Scandinavica. Supplement","volume":" 223","pages":"1-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20479903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Italian Association for the Study of Glaucoma. Proceedings of the 12th annual general meeting. Rapallo, Italy, 14-15 March 1997.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":79428,"journal":{"name":"Acta ophthalmologica Scandinavica. Supplement","volume":" 224","pages":"1-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20579000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cataract patients in a defined Swedish population 1986-1990.","authors":"K Ninn-Pedersen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":79428,"journal":{"name":"Acta ophthalmologica Scandinavica. Supplement","volume":" 221","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20154513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In honor of Mette Warburg.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":79428,"journal":{"name":"Acta ophthalmologica Scandinavica. Supplement","volume":" 219","pages":"1-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19771659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasonic evaluation of microphthalmos and coloboma. A discussion of 3 cases, with emphasis on microphthalmos with orbital cyst.","authors":"H C Fledelius","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Three cases of ophthalmic malformations are discussed from the standpoint of the usefulness of ultrasound evaluation, however with respectful reference to the revised classification of microphthalmos and coloboma presented by Warburg 1993. The main findings were, (case 1): microphthalmos with iris coloboma, unilateral posterior orbital cyst, and mental retardation, karyotype normal, consanguineous parents, (case 2) trisomy 13 with extreme microphthalmos and cheilo-gnatho-palatoschisis, and (case 3) ringchromosome 14, posterior fundus colobomas, and malformation of the heart, with features corresponding to the CHARGE association.</p>","PeriodicalId":79428,"journal":{"name":"Acta ophthalmologica Scandinavica. Supplement","volume":" 219","pages":"23-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19714333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ocular myopathy and mitochondrial DNA deletion. A presentation of seven identified Danish patients.","authors":"P J Magalhães,&nbsp;O Sjö,&nbsp;S Nørby","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper summarizes the data on Danish patients with ocular myopathy and mitochondrial DNA deletion (delta mtDNA). To date, a single Danish patient harbouring delta mtDNA has been reported. In the present study we have identified seven additional ones and characterized the nature of their deletion, both qualitatively and quantitatively. All patients are sporadic cases each with a single deletion in the range of 2.3-78 kb, the delta mtDNA accounting for 10-75% of the total mtDNA in the biopsy analyzed. The clinical severity correlates with the percentage of deletion molecules, and not with the size of the deletion.</p>","PeriodicalId":79428,"journal":{"name":"Acta ophthalmologica Scandinavica. Supplement","volume":" 219","pages":"29-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19714335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-related macular degeneration. An epidemiological study of 1000 elderly individuals. With reference to prevalence, funduscopic findings, visual impairment and risk factors.","authors":"T Vinding","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":79428,"journal":{"name":"Acta ophthalmologica Scandinavica. Supplement","volume":" 217","pages":"1-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19926771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Somatostatin in the retina.","authors":"J N Larsen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One single gene codes for the peptide somatostatin in mammals. Among species the propeptide shows a high degree of homology as the porcine and human propeptides are identical and only differs in two positions compared with the rat propeptide. Somatostatin and prosomatostatin are therefore very suitable for a comparative investigation of the posttranslatoric processing. Antibodies directed against four putative parts of the processing products of the prosomatostatin molecule were used in order to investigate the comparative biosynthetic processing of the precursor for the neuropeptide somatostatin, in the retina from frog, rat, gerbil, mink and monkey. The antibodies were employed to quantify, characterize, and localize somatostatin and prosomatostatin by biochemical and histochemical techniques. Further, somatostatin producing cells were demonstrated by in-situ hybridization using an antisense probe for somatostatin. Somatostatin and prosomatostatin were demonstrated in retinal extracts from all five species investigated. Retinal posttranslational processing of the prosomatostatin molecule varies between the species. In rat and monkey only one form of the bioactive somatostatin (SS-14) is present. In frog, gerbil and mink two known bioactive forms of somatostatin (SS-14 and SS-28) were present. In all five species prosomatostatin-64 (proSS-64) was recognized. In addition, the fragment somatostatin 1-28(1-12) was detected in rat and monkey retinae. In the rat somatostatin and prosomatostatin were demonstrated in subpopulations of amacrine cells located in the inner part of the retina. Cell bodies were labelled at the proximal boarder of the inner nuclear layer and in the ganglion cell layer. From these cells processes were limited to the plexiform layers of the retina and were never observed leaving the retina. By in-situ hybridization autoradiographic signals were demonstrated according to the cell bodies represented by immunohistochemistry. No seasonal variation was observed in the processing pattern of the peptide, investigated in the frog retina. However, the concentration measured during wintertime was almost two fold the concentration measured during summertime. In conclusion, the findings indicate that somatostatin and prosomatostatin are well conserved peptides in vertebrate retinae. Species differences in posttranslational processing excist. The physiological implication of this fact needs to be solved.</p>","PeriodicalId":79428,"journal":{"name":"Acta ophthalmologica Scandinavica. Supplement","volume":" 218","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19813774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}