Canadian journal of applied physiology = Revue canadienne de physiologie appliquee最新文献

{"title":"Estimation of the parameters of the relationship between power and time to exhaustion from a single ramp test.","authors":"Jean-Pierre Pouilly,&nbsp;Michel Chatagnon,&nbsp;Vincent Thomas,&nbsp;Thierry Busso","doi":"10.1139/h05-152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/h05-152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to estimate the power/time relationship from a single ramp test (RT) assuming critical power (Pc) from ventilatory threshold (VT) and energy reserve (W') from total work during RT These estimates from single RT were compared to those from a series of 4 constant power exercises (CPT) and from a series of 4 RT. Only W' from CPT was higher than from the series of RT and from single RT using VT (p < 0.05).</p>","PeriodicalId":79394,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of applied physiology = Revue canadienne de physiologie appliquee","volume":"30 6","pages":"735-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1139/h05-152","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25861466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lifestyle modifications to prevent and manage hypertension for exercise physiologists and fitness professionals.","authors":"Veronica K Jamnik,&nbsp;Norman Gledhill,&nbsp;Rhian M Touyz,&nbsp;Norman R C Campbell,&nbsp;Alexander G Logan,&nbsp;Raj Padwal,&nbsp;Rob Petrella","doi":"10.1139/h05-154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/h05-154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Information tailored to the interest of exercise physiologists and fitness professionals is provided regarding the Canadian Hypertension Society's 2005 evidence-based recommendations on lifestyle modifications for the prevention and management of hypertension. The evidence from randomized controlled (RC) trials and systematic reviews of RC trials published in peer reviewed journals was reviewed by subject matter experts and then appraised independently by content and methodology experts. Blood pressure lowering was accepted as a primary outcome. All recommendations were debated and then voted on by the 43 members of the Canadian Hypertension Education Program's Evidence-Based Recommendations Task Force and achieved at least 95% consensus. Lifestyle modifications to prevent and/or manage hypertension include: (1) perform 30-60 minutes of aerobic exercise on 4- 7 days of the week; (2) maintain a healthy body weight (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2) and waist circumference (<102 cm for men and <88 cm for women); (3) limit alcohol consumption to no more than 14 standard drinks per week in men or 9 standard drinks per week in women; (4) follow a diet that emphasizes fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy products and which is reduced in fat and cholesterol (DASH diet); (5) restrict salt intake; and (6) consider stress management in selected individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":79394,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of applied physiology = Revue canadienne de physiologie appliquee","volume":"30 6","pages":"754-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1139/h05-154","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25861468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of strength training and nutritional counseling on metabolic health indicators in aging women.","authors":"Janne Sallinen,&nbsp;Mikael Fogelholm,&nbsp;Arto Pakarinen,&nbsp;Tuula Juvonen,&nbsp;Jeff S Volek,&nbsp;William J Kraemer,&nbsp;Markku Alen,&nbsp;Keijo Häkkinen","doi":"10.1139/h05-149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/h05-149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Effects of strength training (ST) and nutritional counseling (NC) on metabolic health indicators were examined in 50 aging women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Subjects performed ST for 21 weeks. NC was given to obtain sufficient energy and protein intake, and recommended intake of fat and fiber.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>NC increased intake of protein and polyunsaturated fat by 4.5% and 10.7% and decreased intake of saturated fat by 18.3%. Serum concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), total and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio and triacylglycerols (TAG) decreased, and serum HDL-C increased in all subjects after ST. Respectively, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and serum insulin concentration decreased in all subjects. NC contributed to the decreases in levels of serum LDL-C after the first half of ST and serum TC and HDL-C ratio during both ST periods. Changes in serum TAG concentrations correlated positively with intake of carbohydrates, and negatively with monounsaturated fat in all subjects. Respectively, changes in serum TC levels were related to protein intake, and changes in serum HDL-C to intake of fat, and inversely to carbohydrate and protein in all subjects. Relationships between serum TC and HDL-C levels and protein intake were only observable in the ST+NC group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The long-term ST had favorable effects on serum lipids, lipoproteins, insulin concentration, and blood pressure. However, NC further contributed to positive changes in serum lipids and lipoproteins.</p>","PeriodicalId":79394,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of applied physiology = Revue canadienne de physiologie appliquee","volume":"30 6","pages":"690-707"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1139/h05-149","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25861463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performing triple and quadruple figure skating jumps: implications for training.","authors":"Deborah L King","doi":"10.1139/h05-153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/h05-153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this paper is to review the biomechanics of triple and quadruple figure skating jumps, focusing on information that has implications for strength and conditioning programs. At a minimum, to complete the required revolutions in a jump, a skater must balance the average angular velocity with the time in the air. Vertical velocity at takeoff is similar in high revolution jumps to that in low revolution jumps; however, when comparing skaters of different abilities, those with higher abilities generate greater vertical velocities at takeoff for the same type of jump. Powerful extension of the legs is the primary factor in generating vertical velocity. Some jumps use asymmetrical extension of both legs, while other jumps involve extension of only one leg. Angular velocity is controlled primarily by the skater's moment of inertia, which means skaters must forcefully arrest the motion of the arms and legs after the propulsion phase and then quickly position the arms and legs close to the axis of rotation during flight. Training exercises that emphasize eccentric and concentric muscle actions and which are adaptable to asymmetrical or unilateral motions, such as box jumps and medicine ball throws, are a crucial component to off-ice training programs for figure skaters.</p>","PeriodicalId":79394,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of applied physiology = Revue canadienne de physiologie appliquee","volume":"30 6","pages":"743-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1139/h05-153","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25861467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidative stress after three different intensities of running.","authors":"Cláudia Dornelles Schneider,&nbsp;Jaqueline Barp,&nbsp;Jerri Luiz Ribeiro,&nbsp;Adriane Belló-Klein,&nbsp;Alvaro Reischak Oliveira","doi":"10.1139/h05-151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/h05-151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 8 trained subjects (T) and 9 untrained subjects (UT), lipid peroxidation (LPO), total antioxidant capacity (TRAP), superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were measured in the blood before and after three different intensities of exercise on the treadmill, determined from ventilatory threshold and maximal oxygen uptake data, obtained from a maximal aerobic power test. In plasma, LPO decreased from 3589 +/- 193 to 3274 +/- 223 cps x mg Hb(-1) (p < 0.05), and TRAP increased from 304 +/- 45 to 384 +/- 57 micromol x L(-1) trolox (p < 0.05) after high intensity exercise in T. GPx activity increased in the T group as compared to the UT group, after exercise in moderate (25.90 +/- 3.79 to 15.05 +/- 3.23 nM x min(-1) x mg protein(-1)) and high (21.75 +/- 4.91 to 12.1 +/- 2.46 nM x min(-1) x mg protein(-1)) intensities (p < 0.05). Superoxide dismutase activity increased after exercise at low (8.35 +/- 0.85 to 9.23 +/- 1.03 U SOD x mg protein(-1)) and moderate (8.89 +/- 0.98 to 10.44 +/- 0.86 U SOD x mg protein(-1)) intensity in UT (p < 0.05). There were no changes in catalase activity. These findings indicate that exercise in this model did not increase lipid peroxidation, probably because of the alterations in TRAP and enzymatic antioxidants.</p>","PeriodicalId":79394,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of applied physiology = Revue canadienne de physiologie appliquee","volume":"30 6","pages":"723-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1139/h05-151","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25861465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidative stress response in normal and antioxidant supplemented rats to a downhill run: changes in blood and skeletal muscles.","authors":"Tongjian You,&nbsp;Allan H Goldfarb,&nbsp;Richard J Bloomer,&nbsp;Linh Nguyen,&nbsp;Xin Sha,&nbsp;Michael J McKenzie","doi":"10.1139/h05-148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/h05-148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study was to determine if changes in oxidative stress biomarkers in blood and skeletal muscles are similar in normal and antioxidant supplemented rats after a downhill run. Sixty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with a normal rat diet or diet + antioxidants (2,000 mg vitamin C + 1,000 IU vitamin E/kg diet) for 2 weeks. Exercised rats ran 90 min on a rodent treadmill at a speed of 16 m/min at -16 degrees grade. Rats were sacrificed either at rest, immediately, 2 hrs, or 48 hrs postexercise. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PC) concentrations and glutathione status in blood, vastus lateralis (white fast-twitch), vastus intermedius (red fast-twitch), and soleus (slow-twitch) muscles were determined. A significant increase from rest in PC occurred in plasma, vastus intermedius and soleus muscle 2 hrs after the downhill run (p < 0.05), with no changes observed at any other times postexercise. Antioxidant supplementation significantly decreased PC concentrations in both vastus intermedius and soleus muscles at all times combined (p < 0.05). MDA and glutathione status in blood and muscles were unaffected by either the downhill run or antioxidant treatment. For PC and MDA, the concentrations were lower in blood as compared to skeletal muscle, with the opposite finding for oxidized glutathione; however, the pattern of response postexercise was similar. These data indicate that (a) PC, but not MDA or oxidized glutathione, is elevated transiently following downhill running in male rats; (b) the elevation in PC postexercise occurs in plasma, vastus intermedius, and soleus muscles; (c) antioxidant therapy can attenuate PC in vastus intermedius, and soleus muscles; and (d) while the concentrations of oxidative stress biomarkers differ between blood and the various skeletal muscles, the pattern of response postexercise is similar.</p>","PeriodicalId":79394,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of applied physiology = Revue canadienne de physiologie appliquee","volume":"30 6","pages":"677-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1139/h05-148","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25861462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of mild leg exercise in a seated position on haemostatic parameters under normobaric hypoxic conditions.","authors":"Thorsten Schiffer,&nbsp;Heiko K Strüder,&nbsp;Hans-Georg Predel,&nbsp;Wildor Hollmann","doi":"10.1139/h05-150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/h05-150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study tested the hypothesis that in humans mild leg exercise affects haemostasis in normobaric hypoxia and thus avoids the development of a deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Eight young men breathed in a 15.4% oxygen in nitrogen gas mixture for 2 hrs while seated at rest (R) or seated and performing a 3-min mild leg exercise program (Ex) at 15-min intervals to assess the impact of mild leg exercise on haemostatic parameters related to the risk of developing DVT, as has been discussed for hypobaric hypoxic conditions during commercial airline travel. Capillary blood gases were analysed every 30 min. Heart rate was monitored continuously. Haemostatic parameters were analysed from venous blood at the beginning, after 1 and 2 hrs, and after a 30-min resting period in normoxic conditions. Plasminogen-activator-inhibitor-1 diminished in both tests in hypoxia, but not after the resting period. Antithrombin-III decreased in R in the hypoxic period. Platelet count, international normalized ratio, partial thromboplastin time remained unchanged, as did highly sensitive parameters like tissue-plasminogen-activator, alpha2-antiplasmin, d-dimers, thrombin-antithrombin-III-complexes, and prothrombin-fragments 1 and 2. The haematocrit decreased significantly in R. The mild leg execise prevented the decrease of antithrombin-III and caused an increase in haematocrit after an initial drop in the first hour. The present study revealed that normobaric hypoxia did not have clinically relevant effects on haemostasis in humans. Mild leg exercise carried out under those conditions did not lead, via alterations in haemostasis, to a reduced risk of DVT.</p>","PeriodicalId":79394,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of applied physiology = Revue canadienne de physiologie appliquee","volume":"30 6","pages":"708-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1139/h05-150","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25861464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Creatine and Protein Supplementation Combined With Resistance Training on Muscle Mass and Strength in Older Men","authors":"D. Candow","doi":"10.1139/H05-155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/H05-155","url":null,"abstract":"Muscle loss with age has a negative effect on strength and power. Factors contributing to the age-related loss of muscle include physical inactivity and undernutrition. The purpose of this thesis was to determine how to maximize muscle accretion and strength through the combination of nutritional supplementation and resistance training in older men, and to determine whether these interventions could eliminate deficits in muscle mass and strength compared to young men. This purpose was achieved by: (a) determining differences in muscle mass, strength, and power in upper and lower body muscle groups between young and older men; (b) investigating the effects of protein supplementation before and after resistance training sessions in older men; and (c) investigating the effects of creatine combined with protein supplementation in older men. The first study showed that muscle mass, strength, and power for the knee flexors and extensors and ankle plantar flexors were reduced more with age than measures for the elbow flexors and extensors. These results were used to determine whether nutritional supplementation and resistance training in older men could eliminate deficits in muscle mass and strength compared to young men. The second study determined the effects of protein supplementation immediately before and after training sessions for 12 weeks in older men ages 59–76 years, and whether this intervention could eliminate deficits in muscle mass and strength compared to young men from the first study. Results showed that the timing of protein supplementation, either before or after resistance training, had no effect on lean tissue mass, muscle thickness, or strength. At the end of the study the older group still had lower lean tissue mass, lower muscle thickness of the knee extensors and flexors and ankle plantar flexors, and lower bench press strength compared to young men, suggesting that a longer intervention in required. The third study determined the effects of creatine and protein supplementation during 10 weeks of resistance training in older men. In addition, these results, combined with the results of 17 subjects from the second study, determined whether PhD ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":79394,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of applied physiology = Revue canadienne de physiologie appliquee","volume":"27 1","pages":"762-763"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90726250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age and sex differences in blood lactate response to sprint running in elite master athletes.","authors":"Marko T Korhonen,&nbsp;Harri Suominen,&nbsp;Antti Mero","doi":"10.1139/h05-146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/h05-146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effect of age and sex on anaerobic glycolytic capacity in master athletes is currently unclear. To study this issue, we determined blood lactate concentrations after competitive sprint running in male and female master athletes of different age. Eighty-one men (40-88 yrs) and 75 women (35-87 yrs) participating in the sprint events (100-m, 200-m, 400-m) in the European Veterans Athletics Championships were studied. Blood samples were taken from the fingertip and analysed for peak lactate concentration ([La]bpeak). The [La]bpeak following 100-m to 400-m races showed a curvilinear decline (p < 0.001-0.05) with age in both men and women. However, the age related differences in the [La]b peak were not significant before 70 years of age. No significant sex related differences were found in [La]b peak for any sprint event. The [La]b peak correlated significantly (p < 0.001-0.05) with running times in all sprint distances except for the age-controlled correlation in men for the 100-m and 200-m. In conclusion, the present study showed age but not sex differences in blood lactate response to competitive sprint running in master athletes. Although the [La]b peak level of the athletes was considerably higher than that reported for untrained men and women, these cross-sectional findings suggest that anaerobic energy production from glycolysis declines in later years and may be a factor in the deterioration in sprint performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":79394,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of applied physiology = Revue canadienne de physiologie appliquee","volume":"30 6","pages":"647-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1139/h05-146","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25861545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pedometer-determined step count guidelines for classifying walking intensity in a young ostensibly healthy population.","authors":"Catrine Tudor-Locke,&nbsp;Susan B Sisson,&nbsp;Tracy Collova,&nbsp;Sarah M Lee,&nbsp;Pamela D Swan","doi":"10.1139/h05-147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/h05-147","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE (a) To establish pedometer steps/min intensity categories (i.e., light, moderate, hard, very hard) for adults under controlled conditions, and (b) use these cut-points to ascertain the number of steps expected in 30 minutes of moderate intensity activity. METHODS 25 men and 25 women, ages 18-39 years, performed 6-min exercise bouts at 3 treadmill speeds (4.8, 6.4, and 9.7 km/hr). Yamax SW-200 pedometers indicated steps, and steady-state VO2 was recorded. METs were calculated by dividing steady-state VO2 by 3.5 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1). Linear regression was used to quantify the relationships between steps/min and METs across all speeds. Ten participants (5 M, 5 F) were randomly selected from the original 50 and constituted a holdout sample for cross-validation purposes (i.e, comparing actual and predicted METs; paired t-test). RESULTS The regression equation for males was: METs = -7.065 + (0.105 x steps/min) r2 = 0.803. For females it was: METs = -8.805 + (0.110 x steps/min) r2 = 0.830. Cross-validation was confirmed. CONCLUSIONS Pedometer cut-points corresponding to minimal moderate intensity walking were 96 steps/min in men and 107 steps/min in women, or roughly 100 steps/min for both. This translates to approximately 3,000 steps in 30 min of moderate-intensity ambulatory activity for both genders.","PeriodicalId":79394,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of applied physiology = Revue canadienne de physiologie appliquee","volume":"30 6","pages":"666-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1139/h05-147","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25861546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}