Air & waste : journal of the Air & Waste Management Association最新文献

{"title":"Do dead batteries cause cancer?","authors":"D Wartenberg","doi":"10.1080/1073161x.1993.10467171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1073161x.1993.10467171","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":79391,"journal":{"name":"Air & waste : journal of the Air & Waste Management Association","volume":"43 6","pages":"880-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1073161x.1993.10467171","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19329934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Air & Waste Management Association's Government Agencies Directory.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":79391,"journal":{"name":"Air & waste : journal of the Air & Waste Management Association","volume":"43 4","pages":"511-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19473011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emissions of volatile organic compounds from new carpets measured in a large-scale environmental chamber.","authors":"A T Hodgson,&nbsp;J D Wooley,&nbsp;J M Daisey","doi":"10.1080/1073161x.1993.10467136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1073161x.1993.10467136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study was undertaken to quantify the emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released by new carpets. Samples of four typical carpets, including two with styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) latex adhesive and two with different backings, were collected from the finish lines at manufacturers' mills. Individual VOCs released from these samples were identified, and their concentrations, emission rates and mass emissions were measured under simulated indoor conditions in a 20 m3 environmental chamber over one week periods. Concentrations and emission rates of VOCs emitted by a new SBR carpet were also measured in a house. The carpets emitted a variety of VOCs. The two SBR carpets primarily emitted 4-phenylcyclohexene (4-PCH), the source of \"new carpet\" odor, and styrene. The concentrations and emission rates of 4-PCH were similar for the two carpets, while the styrene values varied significantly. The carpet with a polyvinyl chloride backing emitted formaldehyde, vinyl acetate, isooctane, 1,2-propanediol, and 2-ethyl-1-hexanol. Of these, vinyl acetate and propanediol had the highest concentrations and emission rates. The carpet with a polyurethane backing primarily emitted butylated hydroxytoluene. With the exception of formaldehyde, little is known about the health effects of these VOCs at low concentrations.</p>","PeriodicalId":79391,"journal":{"name":"Air & waste : journal of the Air & Waste Management Association","volume":"43 3","pages":"316-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1073161x.1993.10467136","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19441318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An assessment of air quality impacts of fires associated with fire fighting operations.","authors":"D M Leahey,&nbsp;M C Hansen,&nbsp;M B Schroeder","doi":"10.1080/1073161x.1993.10467139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1073161x.1993.10467139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fire fighters in Canada's navy must undergo regular training with fires from simulated helicopter crashes. Visible emissions from these fires often create health concerns in surrounding communities. This paper presents air quality implications of plume dispersion associated with \"helicopter fires.\" Evaluations involved measuring plume rise, estimating emissions, dispersion modeling and ambient monitoring. Results of the evaluation provided ground-level concentration estimates of plume particulate matter, oxides of nitrogen, hydrogen fluoride, carbon monoxide, 22 metals, 15 PAH and 13 VOC. The study showed that the air quality impact of the fire fighting training is much lower than the relevant time-weighted averages established to protect workers' health. This paper will be of interest to people in environmental protection agencies because it demonstrates the effects of fire fighting operations that must frequently occur as part of training exercises.</p>","PeriodicalId":79391,"journal":{"name":"Air & waste : journal of the Air & Waste Management Association","volume":"43 3","pages":"341-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1073161x.1993.10467139","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19441319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of chemiluminescence and ultraviolet ozone monitor responses in the presence of humidity and photochemical pollutants.","authors":"T E Kleindienst,&nbsp;E E Hudgens,&nbsp;D F Smith,&nbsp;F F McElroy,&nbsp;J J Bufalini","doi":"10.1080/1073161x.1993.10467128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1073161x.1993.10467128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effect of water vapor and other pollutants on ozone monitoring instruments was investigated. Five UV-type and two chemiluminescence-type monitors were employed in this study. The results of the study indicate that in systems containing ozone, water vapor and zero air only, the UV-based monitors showed negligible effects due to humidity. On average, the UV monitors were within 0.5 percent of independently determined ozone values judged to be extremely accurate. The chemiluminescence-based monitors showed systematically higher readings than the UV monitors with added water vapor. The effect was found to be linear with water vapor concentration with an average positive deviation of 3.0 percent per percent H2O at 25 degrees C. For these measurement, ozone concentrations ranged from 85 to 320 ppbv and water concentrations from 1 to 3 percent (i.e., dew point temperatures from 9 to 24 degrees C). These results are largely in agreement with previous studies conducted to measure this interference, although the present study extends the range of water concentrations tested. Studies were also performed with a smog chamber with simulated polluted air (containing paraffinic, olefinic and aromatic hydrocarbon precursors) and varying relative humidities. Although the presence of water vapor did not appear to represent a substantial interference in these systems, a positive interference was observed with the UV monitors. This interference was likely a result of the presence of toluene and some of its aromatic photooxidation products (e.g., benzaldehyde), which can be partially removed from the reference stream by the ozone scrubber within the UV monitor. If the compound absorbs radiation at 254 nm, it is detected as ozone. However, when the results are scaled back to ambient concentrations of toluene and NO(x), the effect appears to be very minor (ca. 3 percent under the study conditions). It is concluded that under atmospheric conditions at moderate pollution and relative humidity levels, both types of instruments can give accurate measurements of the ozone concentration. These potential effects should be recognized when conducting ambient ozone measurements.</p>","PeriodicalId":79391,"journal":{"name":"Air & waste : journal of the Air & Waste Management Association","volume":"43 2","pages":"213-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1073161x.1993.10467128","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24982522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Summary of the 1992 EPA/A&WMA International Symposium: measurement of toxic and related air pollutants.","authors":"R K Jayanty,&nbsp;B W Gay","doi":"10.1080/1073161x.1993.10467124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1073161x.1993.10467124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A joint conference cosponsored for the seventh year by the Atmospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Laboratory (AREAL) of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Air & Waste Management Association (A&WMA) was held in Durham, North Carolina, May 4-8, 1992. The technical program consisted of 200 presentations held in 23 technical sessions and covered recent advances in ambient and source measurement techniques for air pollutants. The symposium was attended by almost a thousand professionals from the United States and other countries, covered a wide range of measurement topics, and was supported by 90 exhibitors of instrumentation and consulting services. This overview highlights the technical presentations of the symposium.</p>","PeriodicalId":79391,"journal":{"name":"Air & waste : journal of the Air & Waste Management Association","volume":"43 2","pages":"191-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1073161x.1993.10467124","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24982518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Superfund soil cleanup: developing the Piazza Road remedial design.","authors":"R T Ryti","doi":"10.1080/1073161x.1993.10467125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1073161x.1993.10467125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A statistical approach was used to develop the remediation and soil sampling strategy at the Piazza Road dioxin site (an EPA Superfund site in Missouri). The source of the dioxin was contaminated waste oil that was used as a dust suppressant. This site was used as a test case to determine if a \"surgical\" remedial design could be developed. This new approach was compared to the historical approach taken by U.S. EPA Region 7 in Missouri. A pilot study provided information on the local spatial pattern of dioxin, so that sampling designs could be evaluated and costs of remediation could be estimated for different remedial strategies. Sampling designs were evaluated by a Monte Carlo approach, where the laboratory analytical error and sampling error due to spatial variation of dioxin were modeled based on the results of the pilot study and the historical site data. The optimal cleanup unit size was determined to be 14x14 ft, or 1/24th of the historical cleanup unit size. A companion paper describes the performance achieved and the dollar 5,900,000 cost savings that resulted from applying the improved design. This case study clearly shows the value of environmental data, where the use and quality of the data are established as a part of planning the site remediation.</p>","PeriodicalId":79391,"journal":{"name":"Air & waste : journal of the Air & Waste Management Association","volume":"43 2","pages":"197-202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1073161x.1993.10467125","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24982519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overview and implications of U.S. sanitary landfill practice.","authors":"R K Ham","doi":"10.1080/1073161x.1993.10467123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1073161x.1993.10467123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper is a summary of observations and trends regarding landfill practice based on a fifteen state, four-and-a-half month tour of facilities and professionals involved in municipal solid waste management, supplemented by 25 years of experience in the field. Modern landfills tend to be well designed and operated, with an emphasis on containment of waste and products of decomposition through liner systems and cover design, plus good operating practice. Forces leading to our concept of modern landfills are based on a history of inadequate landfills and their impacts, and on long-term liability issues, but also stem from a lack of responsibility by the public and their representatives for handling their own waste. While modern landfills incorporate many improvements over previous facilities, the driving forces shaping landfill design now and in the future are unfortunately not based on sound technical and managerial principals and could lead to future problems. The trend to drier landfills, thereby prolonging decomposition, is of special concern in this regard.</p>","PeriodicalId":79391,"journal":{"name":"Air & waste : journal of the Air & Waste Management Association","volume":"43 2","pages":"187-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1073161x.1993.10467123","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24982517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Update on ozone trends in California's South Coast Air Basin.","authors":"A Davidson","doi":"10.1080/1073161x.1993.10467130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1073161x.1993.10467130","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":79391,"journal":{"name":"Air & waste : journal of the Air & Waste Management Association","volume":"43 2","pages":"226-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1073161x.1993.10467130","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24982524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution of sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere of Jiddah, Saudi Arabia.","authors":"O A Sabbak","doi":"10.1080/1073161x.1993.10467127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1073161x.1993.10467127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aridity of Saudi Arabia, in general, makes air pollution studies very important, not just on a local level but also on an international level. A comprehensive field study of atmospheric sulfur dioxide (SO2) concentration was conducted in Jiddah, Saudi Arabia (one of the fastest growing cities in the world) for the period 1984 through 1987. Sulfur dioxide trends have been developed for five stations in Jiddah. Daily, monthly and annual means, maximum and mean maximum are reported. The average SO2 concentration for 1984, 1985, 1986 and 1987 was 0.035 microL/L, 0.039 microL/L, 0.035 microL/L and 0.033 microL/L, respectively. The four-year average SO2 concentration was 0.036 microL/L and a maximum of 0.832 microL/L was recorded once at station 104 in 1985. A slight decrease in SO2 concentration from 1984 to 1987 was observed. The statistical significance of data and background information for air quality standards for the city are discussed. Analysis of data shows a lower mean than any international air quality standard.</p>","PeriodicalId":79391,"journal":{"name":"Air & waste : journal of the Air & Waste Management Association","volume":"43 2","pages":"208-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1073161x.1993.10467127","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24982521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}