Seminars in gastrointestinal disease最新文献_第3页

Prevention and treatment of stress ulcers in critically ill patients. 危重病人应激性溃疡的预防与治疗。

Seminars in gastrointestinal disease Pub Date : 2003-01-01

Yu-Xiao Yang, James D Lewis

{"title":"Prevention and treatment of stress ulcers in critically ill patients.","authors":"Yu-Xiao Yang, James D Lewis","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Critically ill patients are at increased risk of developing stress-related mucosal lesions. The pathogenesis of stress-related mucosal disease is not entirely clear, but probably is associated with impairment of mucosal protective mechanisms due to compromised gastric mucosal microcirculation. Acid also plays an integral role. The incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding among intensive care unit patients has been declining over the past 30 years. Only a small proportion of patients with stress-related mucosal lesions develop clinically overt bleeding, and the majority of the overt bleedings do not lead to hemodynamic instability. However, the presence of gastrointestinal bleeding in a critically ill patient predicts markedly increased mortality. Prolonged mechanical ventilation and coagulopathy are the most important predictors of stress ulcer related bleeding. Critically ill patients with stress ulcer related bleeding should be managed in the acute setting just as patients presenting with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Available evidence supports the use of stress ulcer prophylaxis in patients with risk factors for bleeding. Both histamine 2 receptor antagonists and sucralfate are effective forms of stress ulcer bleeding prophylaxis. More potent acid suppression by proton pump inhibitors may offer additional benefit in the prevention of stress ulcer bleeding.","PeriodicalId":79377,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in gastrointestinal disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22267587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gallbladder and biliary tract disease in the intensive care unit. 重症监护病房的胆囊和胆道疾病。

Seminars in gastrointestinal disease Pub Date : 2003-01-01

Mary T Hawn

引用次数: 0

The critically ill liver patient: fulminant hepatic failure. 危重肝病人:暴发性肝衰竭。

Seminars in gastrointestinal disease Pub Date : 2003-01-01

Brendan M McGuire

引用次数: 0

The critically ill liver patient: the variceal bleeder. 危重肝病患者:静脉曲张出血。

Seminars in gastrointestinal disease Pub Date : 2003-01-01

Miguel R Arguedas

{"title":"The critically ill liver patient: the variceal bleeder.","authors":"Miguel R Arguedas","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Esophageal varices develop in patients with cirrhosis once portal pressure, measured by hepatic venous pressure gradient, and exceeds 10 mm Hg. At a portal pressure of 12 mm Hg, variceal bleeding may develop that is associated with a mortality of 30% to 50% per episode. In addition to an elevated portal pressure, other risk factors for the development of variceal hemorrhage include: variceal size, endoscopic features on the variceal wall (i.e., red wales), and Child-Pugh class. In patients with suspected variceal hemorrhage, the treatment of the acute episode includes intravascular volume expansion, hemostasis through the use of pharmacological agents and endoscopy, and the prevention and treatment of potential complications associated with variceal hemorrhage such as aspiration pneumonia, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and hepatic encephalopathy. Given a high rate of rebleeding, long-term prevention through secondary prophylaxis should be instituted in all patients who have survived an episode of variceal bleeding. Current prophylactic options include: non-selective beta-blockers alone (first line) or in combination with long-acting nitrates (isosorbide mononitrate) and/or endoscopic variceal obliteration achieved through sclerotherapy or preferably, band ligation.","PeriodicalId":79377,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in gastrointestinal disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22266872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Overview and diagnosis of malabsorption syndrome. 吸收不良综合征的概述和诊断。