Nigerian Dental Journal最新文献_第9页

Preventive and interceptive orthodontic treatment need in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital 尼日利亚一家教学医院的预防性和拦截性正畸治疗需求

Nigerian Dental Journal Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.4314/ndj.v22i2

I. Utomi, A.J. Agbonikhena, M.C. Islekwe, O. Dacosta, O. Sanu

引用次数: 1

Availability of non- and low- fluoride paediatric toothpastes in Nigeria: a need for indigenous affordable formulations 尼日利亚无氟化物和低氟化物儿科牙膏的供应情况:需要负担得起的本土配方

Nigerian Dental Journal Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.4314/NDJ.V21I1

D. Umesi

{"title":"Availability of non- and low- fluoride paediatric toothpastes in Nigeria: a need for indigenous affordable formulations","authors":"D. Umesi","doi":"10.4314/NDJ.V21I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NDJ.V21I1","url":null,"abstract":"Objective : Some studies in Nigeria have shown a high prevalence of fluorosis. This study looks at toothpastes manufactured locally to determine the availability and affordability of low- fluoride paediatric toothpastes in Nigeria. Method : Toothpastes manufactured locally in Nigeria which bear the Nigerian Agency for Food and Drug Administration (NAFDAC) approval number were purchased from open markets, reputable supermarkets and pharmacies. The cost price and fluoride content were recorded for each of the toothpastes. Result : Twenty-one toothpastes manufactured locally in Nigeria were identified. Thirteen toothpastes had sodium fluoride as the active fluoride compound while five had sodium monofluorophosphate. Seventeen toothpastes had optimum fluoride content (1100 – 1450 ppm fluoride or 0.306 – 0.32% w/w sodium fluoride or 0.76 – 0.85% w/w Sodium monofluorophosphate), one had low-fluoride content (500ppm or 0.1106% w/w sodium fluoride) while three were non-fluoride toothpastes. The low-fluoride toothpaste was designated as paediatric while the non-fluoride toothpastes were herbal formulations. A cost analysis of the toothpastes showed that the lone paediatric low-fluoride toothpaste was sold at more than three times the cost of the optimum-fluoride toothpastes. Conclusion : The majority of toothpastes manufactured locally in Nigeria have optimum fluoride content, the non-fluoride toothpastes are herbal formulations while only one toothpaste is a low-fluoride paediatric toothpaste. The present cost of the paediatric toothpaste makes it unaffordable and unavailable to the average child in Nigeria. Companies which manufacture toothpastes locally are encouraged to produce more brands of paediatric low-fluoride toothpastes for the Nigerian market at affordable prices. Key words : Fluoride, toothpastes, Nigerian, availability, paediatric","PeriodicalId":79241,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Dental Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"22-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70576635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Multiple maxillofacial fractures in a patient undergoing orthodontic treatment: a case report 接受正畸治疗的患者多发性颌面骨折1例报告

Nigerian Dental Journal Pub Date : 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.4314/NDJ.V20I2

O. Sanu, M. Ernest, W. Adeyemo, J. Olatosi, A. Olatosi

{"title":"Multiple maxillofacial fractures in a patient undergoing orthodontic treatment: a case report","authors":"O. Sanu, M. Ernest, W. Adeyemo, J. Olatosi, A. Olatosi","doi":"10.4314/NDJ.V20I2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NDJ.V20I2","url":null,"abstract":"Severe maxillofacial injuries among patients receiving orthodontic treatment are very rare. When they occur, they can be life threatening with several complications which include neurologic deficits, malunion of fracture segments secondary to delay in reduction and immobilization of fracture segments and massive blood loss. Delay in treatment of such maxillofacial injuries in the presence of other life threatening injuries predisposes the patient to residual and minor malocclusion. The interdisciplinary management of injuries sustained by an orthodontic patient and the challenges associated with its management are highlighted in this report. Reduction and immobilization was carried out under general anaesthesia using an arch bar in the mandibular arch. Direct bonded brackets in the maxillary arch with additional eyelet wires were used in the management of the fractures. An acceptable reduction of bilateral parasympseal fractures was obtained with available intermaxillary fixation. There was some residual and minor malocclusion attributed to the delay in treatment and possibly the method used. A multi-disciplinary team approach for the management of maxillofacial fractures in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances is suggested. Orthodontic treatment with surgical involvement has been found to improve both facial aesthetics and occlusal function. Key words : Maxillofacial, trauma, reduction, immobilization, orthodontic","PeriodicalId":79241,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Dental Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"79-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70576569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A preliminary study of psychological pain among patients attending the dental clinic of a tertiary hospital 某三级医院牙科门诊患者心理疼痛的初步研究

Nigerian Dental Journal Pub Date : 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.4314/NDJ.V20I1

AO Coker, O. Onigbinde, M. Sorunke, Ao Awotile, Ob Ogunbanjo, Vo Ogunbanjo

{"title":"A preliminary study of psychological pain among patients attending the dental clinic of a tertiary hospital","authors":"AO Coker, O. Onigbinde, M. Sorunke, Ao Awotile, Ob Ogunbanjo, Vo Ogunbanjo","doi":"10.4314/NDJ.V20I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NDJ.V20I1","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Dental practitioners frequently encounter individuals who suffer from psychological pain at the dental clinics. Most dentists do not have the training or the instrument to recognise and manage psychological pain associated with dental treatment. This study was carried out to determine the level of psychological pain among dental patients visiting the dental clinic of the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria. \u0000Method: One hundred and twenty five patients who attended the dental clinic of the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria were invited to take part in the study. They completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, Psychache Scale (PAS) and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) in order to determine their levels of psychological pain and anxiety. \u0000Result: Of the total respondents, 43% were males and 57% females, mean age 30.2 years (SD=10.7, ranging from 15-80), 74.2% were married and 22.5% single. With regards to psychological pain and anxiety, 31.9% scored high in the PAS, indicating probable psychological pain while 25.8%, 19.4% and 54.8% were detected to suffer from mild, moderate and severe anxiety as detected by HARS. \u0000Conclusion: The finding from this study demonstrated that Nigerian dental patients also suffer from psychological pain and various degrees of dental anxiety. Therefore there is a need for Nigerian dental surgeons to acquire some knowledge of mental health in order to recognise these psychopathologies among their patients.","PeriodicalId":79241,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Dental Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70576505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Trends of oral cancer in University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria 尼日利亚伊巴丹大学学院医院口腔癌趋势

Nigerian Dental Journal Pub Date : 2011-03-30 DOI: 10.4314/NDJ.V18I1.64923

J. Arotiba, Olusanya Aa, A. Lawal, V. Akinmoladun

{"title":"Trends of oral cancer in University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria","authors":"J. Arotiba, Olusanya Aa, A. Lawal, V. Akinmoladun","doi":"10.4314/NDJ.V18I1.64923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NDJ.V18I1.64923","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the trend and recent pattern of oral cancer in the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Method: A retrospective analysis of all cases of oral cancer (excluding lymphoid cancers) documented in the records of the Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pathology, University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, from the year 1983 to 2007 was done. The analysis of the data collected was compared with three earlier studies in this same centre and the published literature in general. Result: Over the 25-year-period a total 450 cases of oral cancer were recorded. More than half of the cases were squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) and 58.0% of these occurred in the palate which was the commonest site. Compared with previous studies, the male to female ratio of 1.4:1 revealed a higher number of females, and more patients were recorded in the first and tenth decades of life. Conclusion: The trends in oral cancer prevalence in UCH, Ibadan, show that oral SCC, still occurs commonly in the palate in our environment, and constituted the bulk of oral cancer. In addition, more females and patients within the extremes of age are being increasingly affected. There is before a need for more investigations into the possible aetiological factors in our environment in order to offer a preventive approach to the management of the disease. Key words: Oral cavity, sarcomas, squamous cell carcinoma, Ibadan","PeriodicalId":79241,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Dental Journal","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70576484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Managing oral bleeding in children with hereditary bleeding disorders: case series and a review of literature 管理口腔出血的儿童遗传性出血性疾病:病例系列和文献回顾

Nigerian Dental Journal Pub Date : 2011-03-30 DOI: 10.4314/NDJ.V18I1.64927

Eigbobo Jo, F. Oredugba, O. Orenuga, A. Ogunkola, E. Temiye

{"title":"Managing oral bleeding in children with hereditary bleeding disorders: case series and a review of literature","authors":"Eigbobo Jo, F. Oredugba, O. Orenuga, A. Ogunkola, E. Temiye","doi":"10.4314/NDJ.V18I1.64927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NDJ.V18I1.64927","url":null,"abstract":"Bleeding disorders are mostly of genetic or hereditary origin in children. Dental consultations sought by patients with bleeding disorders may follow trauma, dental infections or may be insidious. The present report is on five cases managed at the Paedodontic unit of the Child Dental Health Clinic of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital. The report gives a review of some of the challenges faced in the dental management of patients with hereditary bleeding disorders and the treatment options for the different oral presentations. Four of these patients had haemophilia A and the other had von Williebrand disease. All the patients presented with bleeding gingivae secondary to either physiologic processes of eruption, infective or traumatic dental conditions. The management of the patients was comprehensive with a multidisciplinary approach. The prevention of traumatic and infective dental conditions is an important part of oral health care in individuals with hereditary bleeding disorders. This would reduce the need for treatment and should reduce the number of emergency visits. Key words : Haemophilia, von Willebrand disease, gingival bleeding, dental management","PeriodicalId":79241,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Dental Journal","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70576124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Malocclusion and occlusal traits among orthodontic patients seen at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria 尼日利亚贝宁大学教学医院正畸患者的错颌和咬合特征

Nigerian Dental Journal Pub Date : 2011-03-30 DOI: 10.4314/NDJ.V18I1.64919

E. Ajayi, I. Ize-Iyamu

{"title":"Malocclusion and occlusal traits among orthodontic patients seen at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria","authors":"E. Ajayi, I. Ize-Iyamu","doi":"10.4314/NDJ.V18I1.64919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NDJ.V18I1.64919","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and trend of malocclusion and occlusal traits among orthodontic patients in Benin City. Method: One hundred and thirty one patients, consisting of 71 females (54.2%) and 60 males (45.8%) aged 5 - 44 years (mean 17.9 ± 7.5 years) who presented for orthodontic treatment at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital Dental Centre were assessed for sagittal molar occlusion, overjet, overbite, crossbite, open bite, crowding, spacing, median diastema, midline shift, malformed and supernumerary teeth, displaced, unerupted and impacted teeth. Statistical gender differences in the occlusal traits were evaluated with the chi-square test. Result: The results revealed high prevalence of Angle's class I malocclusion (71.8%), while 9.9% of the subjects had Angle's Class II division 1, 7.6% had Angle's Class II division 2 and 10.7% had Angle's class III malocclusion. An increased overjet greater than 3.5mm was observed in 43% while increased overbite was observed in 25.2%. Anterior open bite was seen in 8.4% while 21.4% and 12.2% had anterior and posterior crossbites respectively. Midline shift was present in 29.8%, crowding of both upper and lower anterior segments was observed in 47.3%, spacing in the upper and lower anterior segments was present in 22.1%, and midline diastema was observed in 21.4%. No statistically significant gender differences were observed for any of the occlusal variables evaluated (P>0.05). Conclusion: This study revealed high prevalence of class I malocclusion, increased overjet and crowding among the orthodontic patients seen in Benin City, Nigeria. Key words: Malocclusion, occlusal traits, orthodontic patients, Benin City, Nigerian","PeriodicalId":79241,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Dental Journal","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70576353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Comparative study to assess the effect of chewing stick and toothbrush on oral hygiene, gingival health and pocket depth among patients attending dental outpatient clinic in Udaipur, India 印度乌代普尔牙科门诊患者咀嚼棒与牙刷对口腔卫生、牙龈健康和牙袋深度影响的对比研究

Nigerian Dental Journal Pub Date : 2011-03-30 DOI: 10.4314/NDJ.V18I1.64917

Aachu Agrawal, Niraj M. Bhatt, K. Shivlingesh, Konsam Sashikanta Singh, Harshvardhan Chaudhary, S. S. Roy

{"title":"Comparative study to assess the effect of chewing stick and toothbrush on oral hygiene, gingival health and pocket depth among patients attending dental outpatient clinic in Udaipur, India","authors":"Aachu Agrawal, Niraj M. Bhatt, K. Shivlingesh, Konsam Sashikanta Singh, Harshvardhan Chaudhary, S. S. Roy","doi":"10.4314/NDJ.V18I1.64917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NDJ.V18I1.64917","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The purposes of this study was to assess and compare the oral hygiene, gingival health and pocket depth among patients using miswak (Salvadora Persica L) and toothbrush. Method: A total of 528 subjects participated in this study (63.6% females and 36.4% males), ranging in age from 20 to 45 years (mean = 35.43 ± 12.83). After fulfilling the entry criteria participants were classified according to their oral hygiene habits as miswak users (group I), tooth brush and paste users (group II) or both miswak users and tooth brush and paste users (group III). All subjects were assessed using Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S), gingival index, pocket depth and gingival recession. Result: There was no statistically significant difference of mean OHI-S scores between miswak (1.04±0.64), toothbrush (1.08± 0.71) and combined users (1.09±0.74). On the other hand, all the three groups differ significantly in relation to mean gingival index scores, miswak (0.95±0.63), toothbrush (1.20± 0.59) and combined users (1.44±0.71) (p= 0.000). Also, Group II (3.90±1.88) demonstrated a significantly higher mean pocket depth than Group I (3.31±2.12) (p=0.019). However, gingival recession was significantly higher in Group I (2.17±1.64) in comparison to Group II (1.37±1.35) and Group III (1.30±1.58) (P=0.000). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that, miswak (Salvadora Persica L) users exhibited good oral hygiene and gingival index score but they had higher gingival recession scores which may influence the periodontal health. Key words: Tooth brush; Miswak; Oral hygiene; Gingivitis; Periodontal pocket; gingival recession","PeriodicalId":79241,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Dental Journal","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70576299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Screening for proteinuria and glycosuria among dental patients in Benin City 贝宁市牙科患者蛋白尿和糖尿的筛查

Nigerian Dental Journal Pub Date : 2011-03-30 DOI: 10.4314/NDJ.V18I1.64921

O. Obuekwe, C. Odai, C. Azodo, O. Akpata, M. Ojo

{"title":"Screening for proteinuria and glycosuria among dental patients in Benin City","authors":"O. Obuekwe, C. Odai, C. Azodo, O. Akpata, M. Ojo","doi":"10.4314/NDJ.V18I1.64921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NDJ.V18I1.64921","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To screen for the presence of proteinuria and glycosuria amongst patients attending for routine care in a dental clinic in Benin- City, Edo State, Nigeria. Method: A prospective survey over a period of thirty-six months involving all new consecutive and consenting patients. All consenting patients, yet to have breakfast and with no history of previous screening for proteinuria and glycosuria were screened, using Clinistix test strips. Medical and drug history, and relative risk were given due considerations in patient selection. Athletes, specifically marathon runners were excluded. Findings were analysed as simple frequency tables and percentages. Results: A total of four thousand, four hundred and ninety patients who attended the Oral Diagnosis Clinic of the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benin and met inclusion criteria were screened. Fifty three (1.2%) positive cases of glycosuria were recorded. The male: female ratio was 1:1.1 and the majority of patients (49%) were in age group 19-29 years. Forty three (1.0%) were positive, for proteinuria. There was a preponderance of females (1.7%) over males (0.8%) and most patients (65.1%) were in the 19-29 years age group. Conclusion: Most patients were asymptomatic and accepted a referral to the physician. It is recommended for the benefit of attending patients to the dental surgery to include routine urine analysis for glucose and protein in addition to the usual assessment of vital signs. Key words: proteinuria, glycosuria, screening, dental patients","PeriodicalId":79241,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Dental Journal","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70576416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pattern of odontogenic tumours in Nigeria: a review of the literature 尼日利亚牙源性肿瘤的模式:文献综述

Nigerian Dental Journal Pub Date : 2011-03-30 DOI: 10.4314/NDJ.V18I1.64925

V. Akinmoladun, S. Udeabor, Arotiba Jt

{"title":"Pattern of odontogenic tumours in Nigeria: a review of the literature","authors":"V. Akinmoladun, S. Udeabor, Arotiba Jt","doi":"10.4314/NDJ.V18I1.64925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NDJ.V18I1.64925","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Odontogenic tumours are lesions derived from the epithelial and/ or mesenchymal remnants of the tooth-forming apparatus. Various authors from different centres in Nigeria have at different times reported their experiences of the prevalence, clinical presentation and management of odontogenic tumours, but no effort till date had been made to harmonise all these works with a view to showing the true pattern of these tumours among Nigerians as a whole. This is what the present review article sets out to achieve. Method: All articles published in Nigeria on odontogenic tumours from 1969 to date were reviewed. These articles were sourced from online stores using the PUBMED and HINARI. Manual search of the references in these articles was also done to identify additional relevant articles not listed in the above sites. Result: Ameloblastoma was found to be the most reported odontogenic tumour, and has been described as the most frequently occurring odontogenic tumour in Nigeria. Although malignant variants of odontogenic tumours were well recognized, they were less reported in Nigeria than in the rest of the world. Peak age of occurrence for odontogenic tumours generally was between the 3rd and the 4th decades with variations in male to female ratio based on the type of odontogenic tumour. Mandible was found to be favoured more than maxilla as the common site of occurrence. Late presentation for treatment was a common phenomenon in all studies reviewed. Conclusion: Odontogenic tumours remain a very common orofacial tomour in Nigeria and the literature is replete about studies from Nigeria. While large number of epidemiological studies exists, little efforts have been focused on management of patients to including challenges of reconstructive surgery and optimum prosthetic rehabilitation for improved outcome and quality of life. Key words: Odontogenic tumours, literature review, Nigeria","PeriodicalId":79241,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Dental Journal","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70576036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4