Alexandria Journal of Pediatrics最新文献

{"title":"A huge abdominopelvic mass in a prepubertal girl child: need for urgent diagnosis","authors":"T. Babu, P. Balakrishnan, V. Sharmila","doi":"10.4103/ajop.ajop_2_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ajop.ajop_2_21","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7866,"journal":{"name":"Alexandria Journal of Pediatrics","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88713735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of lactoferrin in the prevention of late-onset sepsis in preterm neonates: a randomized-controlled trial","authors":"M. Farag, Omneya M.K.B Eldin, M. H. Attia, Nada I.A Morsi, Rania A. Haddad","doi":"10.4103/ajop.ajop_11_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ajop.ajop_11_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background Lactoferrin (LTF) is a promising drug in the prevention of late-onset sepsis (LOS) in preterm infants as it causes priming of the immune system before the occurrence of insult. Aim The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of LTF in the prevention of LOS. Participants and methods Preterm infants of gestational age less than or equal to 34 weeks showing no signs of sepsis in the first 72 h and admitted to NICU of Alexandria University Children Hospital from August 2019 to April 2020 were included in this study. Fifty six patients were randomly allocated into two groups: LTF group (n=28 patients) and control group (n=28 patients). Patients in the LTF group received LTF for 28 days postnatally or till 36 weeks postmenstrual age, whichever is reached first. All patients were monitored for development of LOS. Results Compared with the control group, LTF treatment was associated with a significantly lower incidence of culture-proven LOS (8/28 vs. 2/28, respectively) with a P value of 0.036. The administration of LTF decreased the serum C-reactive protein level at the end of the study in comparison with the level at the beginning of the study in the LTF group, with a mean value of 5.44±16.18 versus 3.71±2.57, respectively (P=0.021), and in comparison with the control group, with a mean value of 5.44±16.18 versus 27.45±55.20, respectively (P=0.021). Conclusion LTF reduces the incidence of culture-proven LOS in preterm neonates aged less than or equal to 34 weeks. LTF has been proven to have anti-inflammatory properties through its ability to decrease the C-reactive protein level.","PeriodicalId":7866,"journal":{"name":"Alexandria Journal of Pediatrics","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87028988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of serum L-carnitine level in children with type 1 diabetes","authors":"Dalia S Morgane, K. Abougabal, M. Abdelaziz, Ahmed S. El-Gayed, Aliaa O.A Othman","doi":"10.4103/ajop.ajop_7_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ajop.ajop_7_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background Carnitine is essential for lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and proper glycemic control in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), with a potential impact on long-term complications. Aim The study aims to evaluate serum levels of free L- carnitine (LC) in children with T1DM compared with healthy age- and sex-matched children. Patients and methods This case-controlled study was conducted on 40 children, including 20 children with T1DM (group A) and 20 healthy age- and sex-matched children (group B). Serum samples were used to assay the biochemical parameters: fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in blood by high-performance liquid chromatography, serum triglycerides and cholesterol determined by commercial kits, and serum LC level was assessed by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The mean FBG, triglycerides, and total cholesterol were significantly higher in children with long-standing T1DM than in the newly diagnosed patients and healthy controls. Mean serum LC was significantly lower in T1DM children than in healthy controls (P Conclusion Children with T1DM showed a deficiency of serum-free LC. This deficiency is time related and patients with long-standing T1DM are prone to carnitine alterations affecting glycemic and lipid profiles. Larger studies are required for conclusions on the precise mechanism of carnitine deficiency and the possible benefit of carnitine supplementation in diabetic patients.","PeriodicalId":7866,"journal":{"name":"Alexandria Journal of Pediatrics","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72955474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma level of deoxyribonuclease I (DNASE I) and its relationship with immune disorders in systemic lupus erythematosus","authors":"MonaT Saleh, M. Zedan, Zeinab R Attia, Thuraya M. Mutawi","doi":"10.4103/ajop.ajop_17_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ajop.ajop_17_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background Nucleosomes are the key autoantigens in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. Immune complexes including nucleosomes are the chief reason for tissue injury. Deoxyribonuclease 1 (DNASE I), as an endonuclease enzyme, is one of the key molecules involved in the degradation of the apoptosis pathway and its function is diminished in SLE patients. Objective This study aimed to evaluate DNASE I concentration in the plasma of systemic lupus patients and its relationship with immune disorders. Patients and methods This study was carried out on 90 SLE children and 92 healthy controls matched for age and sex. Plasma DNASE I level and levels of serum antinuclear antibody and serum anti-dsDNA were evaluated by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. Complement components C3 and C4 were estimated by the turbidimetric assay. Conclusion The authors found a lower level of DNASE I among SLE patients than the healthy control group. In addition, our results suggested no significant association between the enzyme level and immune disorders, or any complications among systemic lupus patients.","PeriodicalId":7866,"journal":{"name":"Alexandria Journal of Pediatrics","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77130358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3 gene polymorphism and systemic lupus erythematosus","authors":"A. Bakr, M. Zedan, Zeinab R Attia, Thuraya M Mutawi, Amora S El Shehawy","doi":"10.4103/ajop.ajop_8_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ajop.ajop_8_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background Tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3) is a negative regulator of the activity of NF-κB in the cells and genetic variations in TNFAIP3 may be implicated in the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) development. Objective The purpose of this paper is to evaluate TNFAIP3 gene polymorphism in SLE and its relationship with autoimmune parameters. Methods The study was carried out on 94 children suffering from SLE and 94 healthy controls of matched age and sex. TNFAIP3 polymorphism by RT-PCR using TaqMan assay, and levels of serum antinuclear and serum anti-double-stranded DNA were measured by ELISA technique. Complement C3 and C4 were estimated by using turbidimetric assay. Results The results showed that there is no significant correlation of TNFAIP3 alleles or genotypes with risk of development of SLE (P>0.05). In addition, the authors did not detect any significant correlation between alleles or genotypes of TNFAIP3 with SLE clinical features and immune disorders (P>0.05). Conclusion The authors concluded that TNFAIP3 polymorphism is not associated with SLE risk. In addition, these results suggested no significant association between the TNFAIP3 SNP and autoimmune parameters, or any complications among SLE individuals.","PeriodicalId":7866,"journal":{"name":"Alexandria Journal of Pediatrics","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81157299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of serum zinc and copper levels in Egyptian children with β-thalassemia major","authors":"K. Salama, M. Kamel, S. E. Sayed, S. Hassanein","doi":"10.4103/ajop.ajop_34_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ajop.ajop_34_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background Thalassemia, with about 60,000 individuals born annually, is a severe inherited anemia, arising from the failure of hemoglobin synthesis. Objective This cross-sectional study aimed at evaluating the levels of serum zinc and copper in Egyptian children with β-thalassemia major on two different oral iron chelators, and its relation to clinical and routine laboratory parameters. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on sixty Egyptian children, with β-thalassemia major, who were recruited from the Hematology Clinic in New Children Hospital. All of them were below 18 years old. The hemoglobin electrophoresis of each patient was revised as a diagnostic investigation. The patients were classified into two groups: Group I included 30 patients on oral deferasirox, while group II included 30 patients on oral deferiprone. Thirty, age-and-sex-matched children were included in the study as controls. Both cases and controls were subjected to laboratory investigations, which are complete blood count, bilirubin (total and direct), alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, calcium and phosphorous, and zinc and copper levels in serum. Samples were analyzed spectrophotometrically on Beckman AU 680 (Beckman Coulter International, Nyon, Switzerland) using dedicated manufacturer reagents. Serum zinc and copper levels were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry (Perkin Elmer, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom). Results Thirteen percent of the studied cases had low serum zinc level, while none of the control children had low serum zinc level. There was only one case that had high serum zinc level. Thirty five percent of the studied cases had high serum copper level, while none of the controls had high serum copper level, and only one case had low serum copper level. Comparing both types of oral chelators, there was no significant difference in them, regarding the zinc and copper levels. Conclusions Serum levels of zinc and copper were significantly altered in the thalassemic cases more than the controls. These levels were not related to the type of oral chelator used or their serum ferritin levels.","PeriodicalId":7866,"journal":{"name":"Alexandria Journal of Pediatrics","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87713155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and classification of childhood epilepsy in Alexandria: single tertiary referral hospital study","authors":"Elham E. Elsakka, Shaimaa M Fahmy, Shimaa Anwar","doi":"10.4103/ajop.ajop_9_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ajop.ajop_9_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background Approximately 75% of epilepsy begins during childhood. Aim The aim of this work was to study the prevalence of epilepsy and its types and classifications among children with neurological disorders attending the Outpatient Neurology Clinic, Alexandria University Children’s Hospital. Patients and methods This is a retrospective study. All children with a diagnosis of epilepsy attending the clinic between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2018 were included. Patients’ data were collected from records. Results The prevalence of epilepsy among neurological disorders was 16.4% (88 cases from a total of 537 cases with neurological disorders). The age of the patients ranged between 1 and 14 years; 52.3% were females. 77.3% had genetic epilepsy, 15.9% had structural epilepsy, 3.4% had infectious epilepsy, 2.3% had metabolic epilepsy and 1.1% had mixed epilepsy. 52% had generalized tonic–clonic seizures, 29.5% had focal seizures, 9.1% had focal to bilateral seizures, 4.5% had absence seizures, 3.4% had atonic seizures and 1.1% had myoclonic seizures. 60.2% underwent interictal electroencephalography (EEG); 75.5% of them had abnormal EEG findings. 87.5% of the patients were on antiepileptic drugs: 60.2% of them were on monotherapy and 27.2% were on polytherapy. 52.8% of patients on monotherapy were treated by Na Valproate, 53% by Carbamazpine, and 11.3% by Levetiracetam. Seizure control was achieved in 28.4% of treated patients. Correlations between the etiology of epilepsy and computed tomography, MRI, and EEG findings were statistically significant. Conclusion The prevalence of epilepsy among patients with neurological disorders is considered to be mild to moderate. Generalized tonic–clonic seizures, genetic etiology, and monotherapy control of the attacks are considered the most prevalent characteristics of the disease.","PeriodicalId":7866,"journal":{"name":"Alexandria Journal of Pediatrics","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91365479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic value of red cell distribution width in neonatal sepsis in patients admitted at Assiut University Children Hospital","authors":"Mariam N.G Akhnoukh, Zeinab M Mohie, A. Shalaby","doi":"10.4103/ajop.ajop_14_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ajop.ajop_14_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background Sepsis accounts for 40% of neonatal emergencies and is a leading cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. Patients and methods This prospective observational study was conducted at Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Assiut University Children Hospital. Aim The aim of the study was to detect the prognostic value of red cell distribution width (RDW) in cases of neonatal sepsis. The study enrolled all patients with neonatal sepsis who were admitted at Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Assiut University Children Hospital in period between July 2019 and June 2020. The study was approved by the Ethical Committee of Scientific Research, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, with IRB no. 17100401. Informed consent was taken from the patients’ parents. All neonates were full-term and subjected to the following: complete history taking and clinical examination for signs of sepsis, severe sepsis, or septic shock. Complete blood count, with differential leukocytic count; C-reactive protein (CRP); blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine cultures; and RDW were done for all enrolled neonates. Results Neonates with septic shock had significantly higher CRP (61.81±35.50 g/dl) in comparison with each of those with sepsis (23.66±24.90 g/dl) or severe sepsis (48.10±27.44 g/dl). It was noticed that mean RDW was significantly higher among neonates with septic shock (18.53±2.63%) in comparison with those with severe sepsis (17.54±2.05%) as well as those with sepsis (15.74±2.12%). RDW had positive significant correlations with CRP (r=0.75, P Conclusion RDW is a simple and cheap method and can be used for prediction of outcome of neonatal sepsis.","PeriodicalId":7866,"journal":{"name":"Alexandria Journal of Pediatrics","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85775441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A rare case of female hypospadias associated with congenital heart disease","authors":"Somaye Talaeepur, H. Arshadi, Hossein Amirzargar, M. Moghtaderi","doi":"10.4103/ajop.ajop_5_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ajop.ajop_5_21","url":null,"abstract":"Female hypospadias is a rare lower urogenital female anomaly. Hypospadias is primarily a congenital defect of males in which the urethra opens on the underside (ventral aspect) of the penis and is one of the most common congenital anomalies in the USA, occurring in about one of every 125 live male births. The corresponding defect in females is opening of the urethra into the vagina, and is quite rare and often associated with other genitourinary anomalies such as Cloacal malformation, female pseudo hermaphrodism, nonneurogenic neurogenic bladder and urethral duplication. Early diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion. Early treatment plays an important role in reducing the psychological and psychosocial impacts, decreases indolent kidney damages and prevents urinary incontinence. Although, interestingly, sometimes, with conservative management and close follow-up (like in our case), symptoms and signs may get better spontaneously over time. The authors report on a 4-year-old girl with hypospadias presented by hydronephrosis and recurrent urinary tract infection in infancy associated with congenital heart disease who was closely observed until spontaneous resolution of her hypospadias.","PeriodicalId":7866,"journal":{"name":"Alexandria Journal of Pediatrics","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78820037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of cluster of differentiation 4 and 8 among children with trisomy 21","authors":"G. E. Deriny, Iman Marzouk, A. Deghady, Noha E Elshahat","doi":"10.4103/ajop.ajop_16_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ajop.ajop_16_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic disorder with more probability of recurrent infections. Aim This study aimed to determine the differences in lymphocyte subgroups (CD4 and CD8) between DS children and to study the pattern and likelihood for recurrent infections and hospital admission due to infection. Patients and methods This study was carried out in the Genetic Unit of Alexandria University Children’s Hospital, Egypt. The study enrolled 61 individuals with DS. They were assessed for recurrent infections [including otitis media, pneumonia, upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs), and gastroenteritis] and hospital admission due to infections. All patients were subjected to complete blood count and flow cytometric analysis for expression markers of T lymphocytes (CD4 and CD8). Results The authors found a statistically significant increase in the frequency of URTIs. In terms of the type of recurrent infection in DS, it was the highest for URTIs. A statistically significant decrease was found in CD4 in the DS patients. Nonsignificant correlations were found between CD markers and hospital admission. Conclusion An increase in the incidence and the recurrence of infections among children with DS, especially URTI, pneumonia and gastroenteritis, was reported in the present work. Children with DS showed decreased absolute CD4 and CD4/CD8 ratio less than normal values of similar children younger than 6 years of age. Also, normal or even increased levels of absolute CD8 were evident in children with DS.","PeriodicalId":7866,"journal":{"name":"Alexandria Journal of Pediatrics","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75148401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}