Animal and Veterinary Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence of Newcastle Disease Virus Antibodies in Apparently Healthy Chickens in Sierra Leone","authors":"A. Conteh, S. Moiforay, M. E. Sesay, S. Kallon","doi":"10.11648/J.AVS.20200805.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AVS.20200805.12","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted in the southern province of Sierra Leone for a period of seven months (March – September 2019). The main objective of the study was to investigate the seroprevalence level of Newcastle disease antibodies in apparently healthy free-range chickens in selected chiefdoms in the Moyamba District of Sierra Leone. A total of three hundred and thirty-three chickens were included in the study. Sera samples collected were analyzed using competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The result of the investigation revealed an overall prevalence of 56.4% from which 21.6% and 34.8% were male and female chickens respectively. Kaiyamba chiefdom recorded the highest antibodies (73.9%), followed by Lower Banta (53.1%) and Bumpe (42.3%) chiefdoms. The difference in the prevalence of each category showed that adult female chickens were the most susceptible (67.5%) to Newcastle disease followed by the growers (55.8%) and adult male chickens (45.9%). Due to the lack of Newcastle disease vaccination history in the study areas, indigenous chickens had been exposed to the disease naturally in all the chiefdoms. Raising awareness about the disease through effective extension programs and improved animal healthcare services and husbandry practices is of great importance.","PeriodicalId":7842,"journal":{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90308324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Heavy Infection Macro-cysts of Sarcocystis Spp. Case in a Najdi Sheep at Buraidah Slaughter House, Qassim, Saudi Arabia","authors":"M. Al-Wabel, S. Fat'hi","doi":"10.11648/J.AVS.20200805.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AVS.20200805.11","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Protozoal diseases caused by Sarcocystis species can cause serious damage in sheep and goats flocks, inducing decreased growth conversion rates and partial or complete condemnation of carcasses at the slaughter house. Sarcocystis spp. affecting sheep and goats are host specific for their intermediate hosts and family specific for their final hosts. They derive their name from the intramuscular cyst stage present in the intermediate host. Objective: Macro and micro identification of macro-cysts of Sarcocystis spp. affecting a Najdi sheep carcass. Method: Detection of macrosarcocystis during routine post mortem examination and identification the detected cyst by histopathological investigation. Result: The macroscopic sarcocysts were found cleared and scattered in almost all skeletal muscles including shoulder, chest and diaphragm as well as thigh. Both morphological and histopathological characteristics indicated that the detected cysts may be identified as Sarcocystis gigantea. Conclusion: It is a case study of macro-cysts of Sarcocystis spp. affecting local breed of Najdi sheep. It is considered a seldom detected case all over many years during meat inspection at Buraidah slaughter house. The possible control measures are those of simple hygiene. Farm dogs should not be housed in, or allowed access to, fodder stores nor should they be allowed to defecate in pens where livestock are housed. It is also important that they are not fed uncooked meat.","PeriodicalId":7842,"journal":{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"46 1","pages":"96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73814631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Platelet and Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 Concentrations in Platelet-rich Plasma in Dogs","authors":"I. Peris, Blanca Esquembre, J. I. Redondo, Vicente Jose Sifre, C. Soler, C. Serra","doi":"10.11648/j.avs.20200804.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20200804.15","url":null,"abstract":"Platelet-rich plasma showed good results in tissue healing when first used in human medicine. After that, its use spread to veterinary medicine. However, there is no standardized method for manual collection of platelet – rich plasma in the canine species. The objectives of this study were to standardize a protocol to obtain platelet – rich plasma (PRP) with high concentration of platelets and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF – β1) without the presence of erythrocytes and leukocytes; and to relate the presence of TGF – β1 with the amount of platelets. For this purpose, there were obtained two blood samples separated one week between each other, from eleven healthy Beagles. Blood samples were centrifuged using different protocols: protocol A (one centrifuge, 210 g and 10 minutes), protocol B (double centrifuge, first one 210 g and 10 minutes, second one 210 g and 15 minutes) and protocol C (one centrifuge, 475 g and 8 minutes). Three plasma fractions were obtained through these protocols: a platelet-rich fraction, a platelet-poor fraction and whole blood. The content of leukocytes, erythrocytes and platelets was measured in the whole blood and plasma rich and poor fractions of the protocol A, B and C. The TGF – β1 concentration was measured in the platelet rich and poor fraction of A and B protocols. The results showed a higher concentration of platelets and TGF – β1 in protocol A. In conclusion, this study offers an economical and reproducible method for obtaining PRP in the canine specie.","PeriodicalId":7842,"journal":{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"50 1","pages":"93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78378029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review on the Effect of Handling, Slaughtering Process and Transport on Welfare of Animals and Meat Quality in Ethiopia","authors":"G. Gobena, D. Kumsa","doi":"10.11648/j.avs.20200804.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20200804.14","url":null,"abstract":"The current review was initiated to encourage the government of Ethiopia, stakeholders, and policymakers about the substantial effects of handling, slaughtering process, and transportation on welfare and meat quality of farm animals of animals. In Ethiopia, until this review was made, there is no comprehensive legislation, rules, or regulations articulated for farm animals’ welfare during rearing, transport, and slaughter. Hence, the welfare of animals was not taken into consideration and often constrained by high levels of poverty, cultural perceptions and beliefs, lack of training and knowledge of animal handling, inadequate transport, and slaughter facilities. The most common farm animal transport system was on the foot from a rural area to a nearby market and then by vehicle to the urban area. During transport, farm animals were exposed to several potential stressors like trip distance, design of vehicle, animal standing orientation, loading and unloading facilities, and temperature fluctuations that affect the welfare, quality, and shelf life of meat and meat products. Aversive ways of handling farm animals, including improper use of sticks, pushing, pulling, and beating them on their head and body frequently by handlers and slaughtering them without stunning, were common practices. This aversive way of handling also causes carcass damage such as bruising, hemorrhages, skin blemishes, blood splash, and broken bones. Therefore, from this review, it has been recommended that, in order to improve animal welfare and thereby meat quality that has been affected by improper handling, transport, and slaughter, the government of Ethiopia is strongly encouraged to endorse inclusive animal welfare jurisdictive acts that would protect animal sentience, define animal welfare in line with OIE standards, and prohibit animal brutality. Creating awareness for stakeholders, particularly for handlers about behavioral principles, proper handling of farm animals, basic concept and role of good animal welfare, and its significant impact on the quality of meat is also imperative.","PeriodicalId":7842,"journal":{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90729555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carcass Yield and Sensory Evaluation of Meat from Rabbits Fed Some Browse Plants Supplemented with a Concentrate Diet","authors":"Usman Grace Ojali, N. Jibrin, Omale Yusuf Zainab, Omada Unekwuojo Juliet, L. Mohammed, Dauda A. Nuhu, Abalaka Ezra Onuh","doi":"10.11648/j.avs.20200804.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20200804.12","url":null,"abstract":"Sixteen (16) male Rabbits were allotted into four (4) dietary treatments of four Rabbits each. They were fed concentrate diet and Bamboo, Senna, Gmelina and Teak leaves for 42 days, water was served ad-libitum, at the end of the feeding period 2 rabbits from each treatment were slaughtered and used for the evaluation of carcass yield and sensory properties All the values for carcass yield showed significant (P 0.05) T1 (Bamboo) had the best value for overall meat quality with a score of 16.6. It was concluded that the browse species significantly (p<0.05) influenced, the carcass yield and sensory properties of the rabbit meat. T1 (bamboo) had the best values for carcass yield and sensory properties. Bamboo was therefore recommended for rabbit feeding for improved carcass yield and sensory properties.","PeriodicalId":7842,"journal":{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":"76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88345908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scrotal Morphometric Properties of Yearling West African Dwarf Goats Fed Cashew Nut Shell Based Diets","authors":"Ocheja Josiah Omachi, Torhemen Micheal, Abalaka Ezra Onuh, Akinleye Sule Bamidele, Shaibu Peace Ojochide, Alih Peter Anyo, Odiba Arome Abdulkadir","doi":"10.11648/j.avs.20200804.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20200804.13","url":null,"abstract":"Sixteen (16) yearling male West African dwarf goats were allotted into four (4) treatment of four goats each. The goats were fed diets containing varying levels of cashew nutshell 0% (T1, control), 10%(T2), 15% (T3) and 20%(T4) at 150g per goat per day and Guinea grass at 500g per goat per day for sixty three (63) days, to determine the effects of cashew nut shell based diets on the scrotal morphometric characteristics of the Goats. The scrotal morphometric measurements were taken before the commencement of the experiment and again on the last day of the experiment. The daily forage intake, and daily dry matter intake values were both significantly different, the daily supplement intake values were not significantly different. The values for final scrotal length, and circumference, were not significant. The final scrotal circumference (14.40–16-50 cm) showed significant (p<0.05) difference, the values for increase in scrotal length were slightly significant (p<0.05) and did not follow any definite trend, values for scrotal weight ranged from 48.90–66.80g and showed significant (p<0.05) differences with T2. having the highest the right and left testicular weights were both significantly (P.<0.05) different. It was there for concluded that the diets containing cashew nut shell had better scrotal morphometric values the control, with T2 (10% cashew nut shell) being the best. The inclusion of cashew nut shell in diets for Goats at 10% level was therefore recommended. Further research using other breeds and classes of goats as well as other species of ruminants were also recommended.","PeriodicalId":7842,"journal":{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"126 11","pages":"80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91508797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Efficacy of Salinomycin Against Experimentally Infected Broiler Chickens with Field Isolates of Eimeria tenella in Khartoum State, Sudan","authors":"M. M. Elhassan, M. A. Khaier, E. A. Elamin","doi":"10.11648/j.avs.20200804.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20200804.11","url":null,"abstract":"Administration of feed-based anticoccidials, as preventive measure, is one of the great successes in disease control for the ever-expanding poultry industry. The present study aimed at evaluating the efficacy of salinomycin medication against experimental infection with Eimeria tenella isolated from a local farm in Khartoum, Sudan. Forty-five one-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomized into 3 equal sets (control, infected, and medicated treatment groups). Infection was established by inoculating each of 36 birds with 1×105 sporulated oocysts when they were 24 days old. After 6 days, 9 birds of each group were bled for sera and sacrificed for post mortem examination. Birds of infected non-medicated group developed caecal lesions typical of E. tenella infection. Birds of salinomycin treatment at the concentration of 60 gm/ton of feed had highly diminished lesion scores (0.33) compared to infected non-medicated bird (3.00). Packed cell volume (PCV), triglycerides and cholesterol in birds medicated with salinomycin did not show marked difference as compared to broilers in negative control. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the levels of total protein and the concentration of calcium and phosphorus amongst experimental groups. It is concluded that salinomycin averted the negative impact of coccidiosis caused by E. tenella on broiler chicks; indicating that it could be recommended for establishing an efficient coccidian control programs under Sudan conditions.","PeriodicalId":7842,"journal":{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"42 4 1","pages":"71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91017444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth Performance, Carcass Quality, Organ Weights and Haematology of Broilers Fed Graded Dietary Levels of Turmeric (Curcuma longa l) Powder as Feed Additive","authors":"Paul Milverton Eko, K. D. Afolabi, G. Enyenihi","doi":"10.11648/j.avs.20200803.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20200803.14","url":null,"abstract":"The growth performance, carcass qualities, organs weight and haematology of ninety-six (96) day-old Agritech broiler birds fed Turmeric powder additive were evaluated. The birds were reared on deep litter system and were randomly allotted to four (4) treatments of graded dietary levels (0, 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5%) of Turmeric powder denoted as; T1, T2, T3 and T4 respectively. Each treatment with 24 birds was also replicated thrice with 8 birds per replicate in a Completely randomized design for 56 days. Performance indicators measured included feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, carcass and organ weights and haematological parameters. Results showed that turmeric additive elicited significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) across treatments. Bodyweight gain (2113.00g) and feed conversion ratio (2.02) were significantly higher in broilers fed diets with 1.5% turmeric powder (T2) than those on other treatments. Turmeric additive also improved the carcass and organ weights as well as the haematological parameters in which the erythrocytic and leukocytic counts were not significantly different (P ≥ 0.05) in T2, T3 and T4 except for the control. However, the overall positive effect of turmeric powder in broiler diet was observed in T2 (1.5%) following improved feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio and this inclusion level is advocated while further research in other avian species available in warm wet regions of Nigeria is suggested.","PeriodicalId":7842,"journal":{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"2016 1","pages":"65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86623341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of Indigenous Chicken of the North Central Agro-ecological Zone of Nigeria","authors":"Okoh Joseph Joseph, H. Alkali, Y. Ibrahim, M. Sani, B. Dafur, Odiba Arome Abdulkadir, Torhemen Michael","doi":"10.11648/j.avs.20200803.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20200803.13","url":null,"abstract":"The study assessed the productive performance of adult indigenous chicken from four Nigerian states of the North Central Zone namely; Nasarawa, Niger, Benue, Kogi and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT). Data were collected at both Out and On-station. The result showed that flock structure was in proportion of 28, 21.4, 23.2 and 27.5% for cock, hen, growers and chicks. Chi-square showed significant difference (P<0.001) by state. Clutch size ranged from 10.84±0.23 to 11.45±0.23 in FCT and Nasarawa state. On-station clutchsize was 13.11±0.23. There was significant difference (P<0.001) by site while state has similar values. Age at first egg, clutch number and hatchability did not vary significantly. However, there was significant difference (P<0.05) in Chick mortality which ranged from 43.19 to 53.89% in Benue and the FCT. On-stationmortality was 26.78%. Correlation coefficient between egg and production traits showed that most correlation traits were significant at 1%. Only number of chicks hatched, egg wasted, egg width and length and mortality were correlated at 5%. Some common diseases showed that Newcastle is the most prevalent 63.22%. Farmers attached a high preference to keeping male chicken for sale rather than breeding purposes. The high hatchability is an indication of good reproductive performance in the chickens of the study area. Improvement in management practices and vaccination against Newcastle disease should be adopted to curtail its devastating effect on indigenous chicken production in the study area.","PeriodicalId":7842,"journal":{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"37 1","pages":"60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81122395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survey for Newcastle Disease Virus Antibodies in Local Chickens, Ducks and Pigeons in Makurdi, Nigeria","authors":"Abah Helen Owoya, Ochola Peter Friday, I. Victor","doi":"10.11648/j.avs.20200803.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20200803.12","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of Newcastle disease (ND) among some local poultry species from live bird markets (LBM) and households in Makurdi Benue State, Nigeria. A total of 543 (300 local chickens, 199 pigeons and 44 ducks) sera samples were collected between October 2018 to April 2019. Sera samples were tested using Haemagglutination inhibition HI) test. The overall seroprevalence of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) antibodies was 9.9% (54/543). The prevalence of antibodies to ND was found to be higher in ducks 20.5% (9/44), followed by local chickens 10% (30/300) and pigeons 7.5% (15/199) respectively. There was statistical significant association (P = 0.000817) between location of sampling of local poultry and seropositivity for ND. Also there was a statistical significant association (P = 0.0348) between species of local poultry and ND antibody titre. This study revealed that local chickens, ducks and pigeons in Makurdi could play significant role in the epidemiology and transmission of ND to susceptible commercial exotic birds or other local poultry species especially when reared in close proximity. The study concluded that the prevalence of ND antibodies indicated the presence of the virus among the population and ducks and pigeons could be reservoirs and carriers for NDV. Vaccination campaign should be organized for local poultry species for the control of ND in the study area.","PeriodicalId":7842,"journal":{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"51 1","pages":"55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80820664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}