Solid Fuel Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Influence of Torrefaction on the Characteristics of Fuel Blends of Biomass and High-Ash Carbon-Containing Waste","authors":"Ya. D. Pudova,&nbsp;V. A. Sinelshchikov,&nbsp;G. A. Sytchev","doi":"10.3103/S0361521924010075","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S0361521924010075","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The influence of torrefaction on the characteristics of binary fuel blends consisting of plant biomass and high-ash carbon-containing technogenic waste is considered. It has been shown that through torrefaction it is possible to compensate for a decrease in the heating value of fuel blends associated with the addition of a high-ash component. A criterion for choosing a torrefaction mode was proposed and a corresponding analytical expression was obtained to calculate the minimum permissible biomass content in the fuel blend. This expression can be used in relation to fuel blends of various types of plant biomass and high-ash carbon-containing waste. Quantitative data demonstrating the improvement of the hydrophobic properties of fuel blends as a result of torrefaction are presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":779,"journal":{"name":"Solid Fuel Chemistry","volume":"58 1","pages":"57 - 63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140561492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal Transformations of Graphite and Anthracite in the Presence of Lithium Carbonate","authors":"A. N. Lopanov,&nbsp;E. A. Fanina","doi":"10.3103/S036152192401004X","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S036152192401004X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The mixtures of graphite and anthracite with lithium carbonate in atmospheres of argon and air were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). It was found that, in a temperature range of 100–500°C, the weight loss in argon was stronger than that in air. This phenomenon was caused by the removal of oxygen compounds with carbon. Competing processes of the formation of oxygen compounds with carbon and coal and the desorption of oxygen-containing substances occurred in air. The thermal effects for graphite–lithium carbonate systems in argon and in air were compared using DSC and gravimetry curves. It was found that the molar ratio between carbon(IV) and carbon(II) oxides in the reaction products up to 700°C can be estimated at 10 : 1. Endothermic effects of lithium carbonate melting in an argon atmosphere for the mixtures of graphite and anthracite with lithium carbonate were observed at 732 and 727°C, respectively. The peaks of endothermic effects in air did not correspond to the heat absorption curves in argon. The most probable explanations of the observed effects were given: the presence of lithium carbonate and lithium oxide phases and the manifestation of the stretched nature of the pre-transition region of lithium carbonate. Using powder X-ray diffractometry, it was found that the burnout of a carbon phase at 500°C in graphite and anthracite did not lead to a significant change in the interplanar distances in lithium carbonate.</p>","PeriodicalId":779,"journal":{"name":"Solid Fuel Chemistry","volume":"58 1","pages":"51 - 56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140561752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Decomposition of Biofuels and Its Oil-Containing Composites","authors":"A. A. Ponomareva,&nbsp;D. D. Laryushkina,&nbsp;D. A. Logacheva,&nbsp;V. E. Sitnikova,&nbsp;S. N. Mokrin,&nbsp;M. V. Uspenskaya","doi":"10.3103/S0361521924010063","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S0361521924010063","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The kinetic features of the decomposition of fuel pellets formed from birch phloem and its composites with the addition of oil-containing waste (OCW) were studied by methods of thermogravimetric analysis carried out in various atmospheric conditions. The characteristic temperature ranges of thermal decomposition of the materials from which pellets are formed were identified. The rates of mass loss and activation energy at the main stages of thermal decomposition were evaluated. And the combustion indices of composite compositions were determined to identify the possibility of using such compositions as alternative fuels. By evaluating activation energies for each stage of sample decomposition, the limiting influence of certain stages of the thermal destruction process was established.</p>","PeriodicalId":779,"journal":{"name":"Solid Fuel Chemistry","volume":"58 1","pages":"72 - 79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140561370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of Valuable Metal Content in Coal Combustion Products of the Russian Far East by INAA with a Radionuclide Neutron Source","authors":"S. I. Ivannikov,&nbsp;N. S. Markin,&nbsp;A. V. Taskin,&nbsp;O. A. Ageev,&nbsp;L. A. Zemskova","doi":"10.3103/S0361521924010038","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S0361521924010038","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ash and slag waste from coal combustion is considered as a source of valuable metals. The results of a study of ash and slag waste from CHPPs in Primorye, coal combustion products in the Amur oblast, and some products of ash and slag waste fractionation for gold and scandium content are presented. The concentration levels of these metals were studied by instrumental neutron activation analysis for a preliminary assessment of their possible industrial significance.</p>","PeriodicalId":779,"journal":{"name":"Solid Fuel Chemistry","volume":"58 1","pages":"80 - 86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140561484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rare Elements and Nonferrous Metals in Paleogene Brown Coal Deposits of the Zeya–Bureya Sedimentary Basin (Amur Region, Far East): Accumulation Models, Enrichment Conditions, and Criteria for Assessment of Resource Potential (A Review)","authors":"A. P. Sorokin,&nbsp;S. V. Dugin","doi":"10.3103/S0361521924010087","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S0361521924010087","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A model has been developed for the deposition of rare earth elements with yttrium, trace elements, and nonferrous metals in platform and activated structures of the Upper Amur region. Genetic types of lanthanide enrichment are considered; lanthanides are shown to concentrate nonuniformly in coal seams and in coal combustion products. Light rare earth elements predominate in coals. The capacity of peat and coal for metal extraction from aqueous solutions was proven. Criteria for a preliminary assessment of coal as a raw material for lanthanides were considered and prospects for their identification were analyzed.</p>","PeriodicalId":779,"journal":{"name":"Solid Fuel Chemistry","volume":"58 1","pages":"1 - 23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140598317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Fractures in the Reservoir Rocks of the Karanj Oil Field in Southwest Iran","authors":"Seyedeh Soghra Dehbanzadeh,&nbsp;Abdul Majid Asadi,&nbsp;Kouros Yazdjerdi,&nbsp;Vahid Ahmadi,&nbsp;Mehdi Azadmanesh","doi":"10.3103/S0361521923080025","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S0361521923080025","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Dezful Fractures exert a critical influence on global fluid flow dynamics in carbonate reservoirs. Our study concentrated on fractures in two wells in the Karanj oil/gas field in the southern Embayment of the Zagros Basin, utilizing FMI image logs across the Gachsaran and Asmari Formations. A notable finding was the highest bedding frequency identified in Zone 1-1 of the Asmari Formation. In this rock section, 44 open fractures were identified – 7 medium, 22 minor, and 15 hairline fractures – with dips mainly between 63 to 85 degrees. Notably, the absence of borehole breakout due to low horizontal stress was observed. Instead, induced fractures consistently followed a prevailing N75E/S75W trend, aligning with regional stress patterns. Bed dips ranged from 21 to 57 degrees, averaging at 12 degrees towards S38W, with strikes at N52W/S52E. Zone 1-1 of the Asmari Formation exhibited the highest bedding frequency. Expanding our analysis to the entire Karanj field’s reservoir rock, a total of 703 open fractures were identified, showing dips from 21 to 80 degrees. A significant observation was a potential fault at 1536.5 m, characterized by a strike of N45E-S45W and a dip of 75 degrees in the S45E direction. At depths of 2276.85 and 2279.5 m, fault evidence was also noted in the image logs. This research significantly contributes to our understanding of fracture patterns in carbonate reservoirs, providing valuable insights into fluid flow dynamics.</p>","PeriodicalId":779,"journal":{"name":"Solid Fuel Chemistry","volume":"57 7","pages":"519 - 537"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140883960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Coal Gangue on Mitigating Slagging of Wheat Straw","authors":"Xiangru Jia,&nbsp;Zhenbo Cheng,&nbsp;Feng Yun,&nbsp;Yaqian Ding,&nbsp;Xia Yue,&nbsp;Shaoqing Liu,&nbsp;Jian Zhang","doi":"10.3103/S0361521923080049","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S0361521923080049","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The effect of adding coal gangue (CG) under different ratios, temperatures and atmospheres on the slagging of wheat straw (WS) combustion was studied in a tubular furnace. At 800°C, there was obvious agglomeration and melting on the ash surface, caused by the reaction of alkali metal elements and alkali earth metal elements with SiO₂ to form low melting point silicate substance, resulted in serious slagging. After adding CG, Al₂O₃ in CG reacted with SiO₂ to form high melting point silicate minerals, which reduced the tendency of biomass slagging. According to the slagging discriminant results of empirical index, sample with 20% CG added combustion in air atmosphere has the lowest slagging tendency. The FactSage results showed that after adding CG, in the whole temperature range, there was no significant difference between the O₂/CO₂ atmosphere and the air atmosphere, but the phase contents were different.</p>","PeriodicalId":779,"journal":{"name":"Solid Fuel Chemistry","volume":"57 7","pages":"502 - 512"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140168865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Spontaneous Combustion Hazard Characteristics in Upside and Downside Ventilation Airflow Adopted Mining Areas","authors":"Song Wei,&nbsp;Zhenqing Fang,&nbsp;Chuntong Miao,&nbsp;Haiwen Wang","doi":"10.3103/S0361521923080062","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S0361521923080062","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To comparatively analyze the distribution characteristics of spontaneous combustion hazard zones in upside and downside ventilation airflow adopted mining areas, field measurements of O₂ and CO concentrations were determined at the two sides of intake and return airways and the middle of the goaf in 1201 working face of DuanWang Mine; characteristic combustion temperatures and spontaneous ignition kinetic parameters of coal samples were obtained by thermogravimetric analysis; distributions of oxygen and temperature fields under different heat source intensities in upside and downside ventilation airflow adopted working faces were compared by CFD simulation. The results show that the critical positions of the inertisation zone in the goaf corresponding to the intake side, return side and middle of the working face were 200 m, 290 m and 175 m away from the working face, respectively; the moisture evaporating temperature of the coal sample was around 170°C, and the ignition point temperature was about 320°C. When the heat flux was 0 W/m², the areas of spontaneous combustion hazard zones (oxygen volume fraction &gt;8%) in upside and downside ventilation airflows adopted goafs were almost the same; as the heat source increased, the distribution of spontaneous combustion hazard zones in the goaf was more significantly affected by the hot wind pressure, the hazardous area in upside ventilation goaf was about 3 times of that in downside ventilation when the heat flux reached 20 W/m². The simulation laws were consistent with the measured results. The comparative analysis concludes that downside ventilation is conducive to preventing and controlling spontaneous combustion of residual coal in this working face.</p>","PeriodicalId":779,"journal":{"name":"Solid Fuel Chemistry","volume":"57 7","pages":"472 - 480"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140883959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on Influence of Semi-carbonization Treatment on Co-gasification of Biomass and Coal","authors":"Wu Chengli,&nbsp;Shen Shuhao,&nbsp;Li Hanxu,&nbsp;Fan Honggui,&nbsp;Gui Guoyang","doi":"10.3103/S0361521923080074","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S0361521923080074","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The huge demand for energy has led to the massive consumption of coal, causing serious resource and environmental problems. Biomass energy resources are abundant, have a small impact on the environment, are renewable, and have great development potential. However, due to their inherent disadvantages, they are difficult to use on a large scale. Pre-treating biomass through pyrolysis can significantly improve its performance. At the same time, co-gasification of biomass and coal can fully exploit the advantages of high energy density of coal and high reactivity of biomass, making up for the shortcomings of gasification alone. This is of great significance for the industrial utilization of biomass energy on a large scale and the optimization of China’s energy structure. In this paper, corn stalks, rice straw, wheat straw and bituminous coal were used as experimental materials. Firstly, biomass was semi-carbonized at 200–600°C, and the changes in the structure and chemical properties of biomass were investigated. Then, thermal analysis technology was used to study the CO2 reaction characteristics of semi-carbonized biomass and biomass-coal mixture, and further explore the synergistic mechanism.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;As the pyrolysis temperature increased, the fixed carbon and volatile content of semi-carbonized biomass increased, volatile matter decreased, O/C and H/C atomic ratios decreased, and the degree of coalification of biomass was transformed into anthracite. The chemical characteristics of biomass were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), specific surface area, Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy (FTIR), etc. The results showed that the polar functional groups in biomass decreased continuously, aromaticity increased continuously, carbon structure became more stable, and heat resistance increased. Higher fixed carbon content and more stable carbon structure increased the starting temperature, ending temperature and maximum weight loss rate of non-isothermal gasification process; isothermal gasification experiments determined that the gasification performance of biomass samples prepared at low temperature (200–300°C) would be slightly higher than that of raw samples, while the gasification performance of medium-high temperature (400–600°C) biomass carbon was lower than that of raw samples. The difference in gasification performance was the result of the combined effect of carbon structure stability and alkali metal content in biomass. Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) was used to study the physicochemical structure of co-pyrolysis coke and gasification residue. The results showed that the aromaticity of co-pyrolysis coke decreased and the stacking height of aromatic layers decreased. Alkali metals in semi-coke hindered the ordering process of co-pyrolysis coke, inhibited graphitization, and alkali metals accumulated on the surface of coal coke and reacted with carbon matrix during gasifi","PeriodicalId":779,"journal":{"name":"Solid Fuel Chemistry","volume":"57 7","pages":"455 - 471"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140168848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Study on Inhibition of Spontaneous Combustion of Coal with Different Metamorphic Degree by CO2","authors":"Jian Hu,&nbsp;Haifei Yao,&nbsp;Hang Wang,&nbsp;Xiaowa Mao,&nbsp;Jie Lei,&nbsp;Naifu Cao","doi":"10.3103/S0361521923080037","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S0361521923080037","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To study the oxidation heating process and molecular structure characteristics of coal in CO₂ atmosphere, the characteristic temperature, activation energy, and functional group evolution laws of three kinds of coal with different degrees of metamorphism were studied by thermogravimetric and Fourier infrared spectroscopy experiments, and the dynamic change process of kinetic parameters with temperature was obtained. The results showed that in the CO₂ atmosphere, the temperature range of the three coal combustion stages presents “lag”; Compared with the air atmosphere, the ignition temperature, combustion temperature and maximum weight loss temperature increase. CO₂ inhibits the process of coal combustion. In an inert atmosphere, the combustibility of coal decreases. The lower the metamorphic degree of coal, the lower the characteristic temperature, the more unstable the molecular structure, and the lower the activation energy required for oxidation. With the increase of metamorphism, the inhibition ability of CO₂ was enhanced. By contrast analysis of infrared spectrum, it is found that raw coal has more active groups and higher oxidation activity than coal under inert atmosphere. The inhibition of CO₂ on coal spontaneous combustion is revealed by the increase of combustion and activation energy and the decrease of active functional group.</p>","PeriodicalId":779,"journal":{"name":"Solid Fuel Chemistry","volume":"57 7","pages":"494 - 501"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140166384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}